書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-云南司法警官職業學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Untilthen,hisfamily（）fromhimforsixyears.

問題1選項

A.didn’thear

B.hasn’tbeenhearing

C.hadn’theard

D.hasn’theard

【答案】C

【解析】考查時態。題干中有關鍵的時間狀語untilthen以及forsixmonths提示謂語動詞的動作延續到過去的某一時刻才完成，因此謂語要用過去完成時，表示過去已經發生的事情。句意：直到那時，他家里已經六個月沒收到他的來信了。A選項didn'’hear,一般過去時只表示過去發生的事情或存在的狀態,不能與時間狀語forsixmonths，A選項排除，連用.B)hasn’tbeenhearing,現在完成進行時表示過去某時刻繼續到現在或現在還在進行的動作,與題意不符。C選項hasn’theard，現在完成時表示從過去某一時刻到現在為止發生的動作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時刻，不能表示現在時間。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項。由選項意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C選項符合句意。

2.單選題

Eventhoughcultureswidelyassumethatboysarestrongerandsturdierthangirls,basicbiologicalweaknessesarebuiltintothemaleofourspecies.Firstofall,humanmalesseemtobeslowlydisappearing.MotherNaturehasalwaysacknowledgedandcompensatedforthefragilityandlossofboysbyarrangingformoreofthem:106malebirthsto100femalenewbornsoverthecourseofhumanhistory.Butinrecentdecades,fromtheUnitedStatestoJapan,fromCanadatonorthernEurope,whereverresearchershavelooked,therateofmalenewbornshasdeclined.ExaminingUSbirthrecordsfortheyearsbetween1970and1990,theyfound1.7fewerboysper1,000thanindecadesandcenturiespast;Japan'slossinthesamedecadeswas3.7boys.

Boysarealsomorethantwo-thirdsmorelikelythangirlstobebomprematurelybeforethe37thweekofpregnancy.And,despiteadvancesinpublichealth,boysinthe1990sfaceda30percenthigherchanceofdeathbytheirfirstbirthdaythangirls;incontrast,backinthe1750s,theywereonly10percentmorelikelythangirlstodiesoearlyintheirlives.

Oncetheymakeittochildhood,boysfaceotherchallenges.Theyaremorepronetoarangeofneurologicaldisorders.Autism自閉癥isnotoriouslyhigheramongboysthangirls:nownearlyfivetimesmorelikely,astalliedbytheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Theyaremoresusceptiblethangirlstodamagefromverylow-levelexposuretolead.Yetanotherproblem:boyssufferfromasthmaathigherrates.There'salsoastrongerlinkbetweenairpollutionandautisminboys.

Whydoboysfacesuchaburdenofphysicalchallenges?Theansweristhatthemale’sproblemsstartinthewomb:fromhismorecomplicatedfetaldevelopment,tohisgeneticmakeup,tohowhishormoneswork.Thenine-monthtransformationfromafewcellstoaninfantisatimeofgreatvulnerability.Manychronicillnessesareseededinthewomb.Inourspecies,thefemaleisthedefaultgender,thebasicsimplermodel:Humansstartoutinthewombwithfemalefeatures(thatiswhymaleshavenipples).Thecomplicatedtransformationinthewombfromfemaletomaleexposesthemaletoajourneypackedwithspecialperils.Whenthefirstblastoftestosterone睪酮fromtheYgenecomesalongatabouttheeighthweek,theunisexbrainhastomorphintoamalebrain,killingoffsomecellsinthecommunicationcentersandgrowingmorecellsinthesexandaggressioncenters.Thesimplerfemalereproductivesystemhastoturnintothemorecomplexmalereproductivetract,developingtissuessuchasthetestisandprostate前列腺.Further,ittakesagreaternumberofcelldivisionstomakeamale;witheachcomesthegreaterriskofanerroraswellasthegreatervulnerabilitytoahitfrompollutants.

Ontopofthatchallenge,thehumanmale’sXYchromosome染色體combinationissimplymorevulnerable.ThetwoXXsinthefemaleversionofourspeciesoffersomeprotection:IndisorderswhereoneXchromosomehasageneticdefect,thefemale’shealthybackupchromosomecantakeover.ButwithhissingleXchromosome,themalelacksahealthycopyofthegenetofallbackon.TheXchromosome,whichnevershrank,isalsoalargerchromosome“withfarmoregeneticinformationthantheYchromosome，’’findsIrvaHertz-Piciotto,aUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisautismresearcher,“sotheremaybesomeinherentlossofkeyproteinsforbraindevelopmentorrepairmechanismsinboys.”Thisisacluetothehigherautismrateamongboys,sheasserts.

Femalesalsohaveastrongerimmunesystembecausetheyarepackedwithestrogen雌激素，ahormonethatcounteractstheantioxidantprocess.“Estrogenprotectsthebrain,”explainsTheodoreSlotkin,professorofneurobiologyatDukeUniversity'sSchoolofMedicine.“Itrepairsandreplaces,evenafterneuralinjury,”Lowestrogenevenleavesboysmoresensitivetoheadinjuries.Themalebrain“issimplyamorefragileapparatus,moresensitivetoalmostallbraininsults,”saysleadpoisoningexpertHerbertNeedleman.

Itisthehighlevelsoftestosteroneinthewombatcriticaltimesingestation,accordingtoBritishpsychopathologistSimonBaron-Cohen,thatareresponsibleforwhathecalls“theextrememalebrain”--thekindexhibitedbyautisticboys-lowinempathy,highinsystematizing.AndinfactUSresearchersinrecentdecadeshavefoundunusuallylowestrogenandhightestosteronelevelsamongboyswithautism.

Ifthebalanceofhormonesisoutofwhackinmales,whatmadethathappen?Researchersarecomingupwithsomeclues.IntheNewYorkCityneighborhoodsnearColumbiaUniversity'sCenterforChildren’sEnvironmentalHealth,familiesforyearsroutinelysprayedtheirapartmentswithapopularinsecticide,chlorpyrifos,untilitwasbannedfromhouseholdusein2001.TheresearchersfoundthatprenatalexposuretothechemicalseemedtohavemoreofaneffectonreducingtheIQsofboysthangirls.Disruptionoftheirmalehormonesmaybethereason,“Onepossibleexplanationforthegreatersensitivityofboystochlorpyrifosisthattheinsecticideactsasanendocrinedisruptor肉分泌'干擾素tosuppresssex-specifichormones,”saidstudyleaderMeganHortonofColumbia.

Similarly,pregnantmothers'exposuretophthalates鄰苯二甲酸酉旨一usedinmakingsomevinyl乙矯基productsandtoysaswellassomepersonalcareproducts-hasbeenlinkedtobiggerchangesinthebehavior,suchasaggressionandattentionproblems,oftheirsonsthantheirdaughters.Phthalatesalsomayfeminizemalegenitalia.

BoysalsoseemtobemorevulnerabletobisphenolA,anestrogenicsubstanceusedtomakepolycarbonateplasticsaswellastheliningsoffoodandbeveragecans.Boys,butnotgirls,exposedtohigherbisphenolAlevelsinthewomborduringchildhoodhadmorehyperactivity,aggressionandanxietyproblems,accordingtoaUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleystudy.Inaddition,pregnantwomenexposedtohigherlevelsofthechemicalgavebirthtobabyboyswithlowerthyroidhormones甲狀腺激素.Nosucheffectwasdetectedinthebabygirls.Nooneknowswhattheselowerlevelsmaymeanfortheboys’healthbecausetheyremainedwithinnormalboundaries,butitcouldhaveimportanteffectsbecausethyroidhormonesguidebraindevelopment.

Someofthesechemicalsactlikefakeestrogens,otherslikefaketestosterone,butbothtypesseemtodisruptnormaldevelopment.Animaltestsshowthatadoseofthesechemicalsinflictthemostdamagewhenithitsafetus.And,becauseoftheirbiologicalvulnerabilities,itisboyswhomayexperiencethemosteffects.Whilenotforgoingthepushforfairnessandequality,itseemswisetoacceptthescientificrealityofmaleweaknesses.Thislikelywon'tmeantheendofmen,buttheirvulnerabilitytoenvironmentalcontaminantsanddiseasescouldhaveseriousramificationsforthefutureoftheentirehumanraceunlesswefindwaystoprotectthemfromharm.

1.IftextBisaccurate,thentheevidencefortheassertionthathumanmalesaregraduallydisappearingis（

）.

2.Comparedwithgirls,boysare（

）.

3.Nipplesinhumansarefoundonthe（

）.

4.Inparagraph10theauthorassertsthatchronicdiseases（

）.

5.Backupinparagraph11meanssomethingthat（

）.

6.Thelevelsofthyroidhormonesinnewbommales,mentionedinparagraph16,（

）.

7.ImaginethatenvironmentalpollutioncontinuesatcurrentorhigherlevelsinChina.IftheinformationintextBiscorrect,thenChinesedoctorsshouldexpecttoobserve（

）.

問題1選項

A.incontrovertible

B.soweakastocalltheassertionintoquestion

C.largelyfromadvancedindustrialsocietiesandneedstobesupplementedwithdatafromothertypesofsocieties

D.strongenoughtowarrantfutureresearchintothepost-masculineworldthatliesahead

問題2選項

A.aboutequallyabletosurvivetotheirfirstbirthday.

B.stilllesslikelytosurviveforayearafterbirth,butthegapisnarrowing.

C.lesslikelytosurvivetilltheirfirstbirthday,andthegapiswiderthaninearliercenturies.

D.muchlikeliertosurvivetotheirfirstbirthday,thoughthegapisnotsowideasitwasinthe1700s.

問題3選項

A.head.

B.chest.

C.hips.

D.limbs.

問題4選項

A.beginbeforebirthbutonlybecomeapparentovertime.

B.arelesscharacteristicofwomenthanofmen.

C.originate,asarule,beforechildrenarebom.

D.areoftentheeventualresultofprenatalconditionsandstresses.

問題5選項

A.canstepinandtakeoverthefunctionofsomethingthatisnotworkingproperly.

B.destroysamalfunctioningpart,thusbenefitingtheoverallsystemororganism.

C.preventsasystemfromcontinuingalongapaththatmayendinbreakdownordestruction.

D.canreverseandchangeitsdirectionwhenitencountersaproblem,thusenablingaprocesstocontinue.

問題6選項

A.arenotalarminginthemselves,butsignificantbecausetheyaresodifferentformalesandfemales.

B.willdefinitelyleadtomorebrain-damagedboysthangirls,

C.seemcertaintoproduceamarkedgapinbraindevelopmentthatwillfavorgirlsoverboys.

D.leadtomorehyperactivity,aggressionandanxietyamongmalechildrenthanamongfemales.

問題7選項

A.adeclineintheratesofautism,asthmaandbraindamagefromleadpoisoningamongChinesechildren

B.aroughlysimilarpatternofincreasingincidenceofautism,asthmaandlead-linkedbraindamageamongallmainlandchildren

C.fewercasesofasthmaamongboysgrowingupinmainlandcitiesandtownsbutmorecasesofautismandlead-linkedbraindamageamongallChinesechildren

D.moreautism,asthmaandlead-linkedbraindamageamongChineseboysgrowingupincitiesthanamongothergroupsofyoungpeopleinthePRC

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。第十七段:Thislikelywon'tmeantheendofmen(但這將不可能意味著男性的消失……)。由此可知B項“說服力不強，以致對此觀點仍存懷疑”正確。

2.細節事實題。第八段:...inthe1990sfaceda30percenthigherchanceofdeathbytheirfirstbirthdaythangirls;backinthe1750s,theywereonly10percentmorelikelythangirlstodiesoearlyintheirlives(在20世紀90年代，男嬰相比女嬰在他們一歲生日前的死亡率高出30%,而在18世紀50年，這個比例只有10%)。由此可知C項“更不可能存活到他們的一歲生日，且相比早些的世紀，這個死亡率的差距變得更大”正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據常識乳頭在人的胸部，所以選擇B項“胸部”。

4.細節事實題。第十段指出:Manychronicillnessesareseededinthewomb(許多慢性疾病在子宮內就產生),由此可知C項“一般說來，產生于孩子出生之前”正確。

5.詞義題。根據題干定位至第十三段:IndisorderswhereoneXchromosomehasageneticdefect,thefemale'shealthybackupchromosomecantakeover(在一個X染色體有遺傳缺陷的疾病中，女性健康的備用染色體可以取代)。由此可知A項“可以介入并接管無法正常工作的部分的功能”正確。

6.細節事實題。第十六段指出:Nooneknowswhattheselowerlevelsmaymeanfortheboys'healthbecausetheyremainedwithinnormalboundaries,butitcouldhaveimportanteffectsbecausethyroidhormonesguidebraindevelopment(沒有人知道甲狀腺激素水平低下可能會對男孩身體健康產生哪些影響，因為它們仍處在正常水平范圍之內，但是它會導致重大影響，因為甲狀腺激素引導大腦的發育)。由此可知C項“在大腦發育上似乎肯定會產生明顯差距，而這種差距將更有助于女孩子的大腦發育”正確。

7.推理判斷題。第九段:Boyssufferfromasthma哮喘athigherrates（男孩子得哮喘的機率更高）,There’salsoastrongerlinkbetweenairpollutionandautisminboys(這些與空氣污染和男孩易得自閉癥有很大關系)。由此可知D項“與在中國成長的其他年輕人相比，中國男孩得自閉癥、哮喘與鉛中毒致腦損傷的幾率更高”正確。

3.單選題

DeadSeaisasaltwaterlakeinsouthwesternAsia.Itsshore,whichliesabout399metersbelowsealevel,isthelowestplaceonthesurfaceoftheearth.TheDeadSeaisthesaltiestbodyofwaterintheworld.Itisaboutninetimesassaltyastheocean.ThelakeliesatthemouthoftheRiverJordanandformspartoftheborderbetweenIsraelandJordan.

ThesaltywatersofDeadSeaappearsmoothandsparkling.Rockyandbarrenlandsurroundsthelake,andsteep,brightlycoloredcliffsriseaboveitseasternandwesternbanks.ThelakeiscalledtheDeadSeabecausefewplantsandnofishexceptbrineshrimpliveinitswaters.Inaddition,littleplantlifegrowsinthesaltysoilaroundtheDeadSea.

TheDeadSealiesintheGhor,adeepfault(breakintheearth'soutershell,alongwhichrockhasmoved).Thelakecoversabout1,040squarekilometers.Itis18kilometerswideatitswidestpointandabout80kilometerslong.

ApeninsulacalledAtLisanjutsintotheDeadSeafromitseasternshoreanddividesthelakeintoalargenorthernbasinandasmallersouthernbasin.Thelake'sdeepestpartisinthenorthernbasin.Inthisarea,thelakebosomlies400metersbelowthesurfaceandabout799metersbelowsealevel.

Sincetheearly1900's,thewaterleveloftheDeadSeahasbeenslowlyfalling.Theregiongetslessthan100millimetersofrainannually.TheRiverJordanandseveralstreamspourrelativelyfreshwaterintothelake.Thefreshwatermixeswithsaltywateratthesurface.Butextremeheatintheareacausesthiswatertoevaporaterapidly.Thus,theDeadSeanevergrowslesssalty.Thehighsaltcontentofthewaterprovidesgreatbuoyancy,enablingswimmerstofloatwithease.

TheDeadSeacontainslargequantitiesofminerals,includingcommonsalt,bromine,calciumchloride,andpotassiumchloride.AnIsraelicompanycalledtheDeadSeaWorkextractsthemineralsfromthewaterforuseinmakingsuchproductsastablesalt,fertilizer,anddrugs.

AtthesouthernendoftheDeadSeaanetworkofdikesformsshallowpoolsthatcovermorethat100squarekilometers.Thesepoolsevaporateandleavebehindmineralsolids,whicharethenrefinedbytheDeadSeaWorks.SomepeoplebelievethatbathingintheDeadSeaishealthfulbecauseofitshighmineralcontent.Severalhealthresortsintheareaprovidefacilitiesforbathers.

TheDeadSeawasprobablyformedmillionsofyearsagowhentheArabianpeninsulaandtheAfricancontinentshiftedandformedtheGreatRiftValley.TheDeadSeaismentionedintheBibleasTheSaltSea.TheancientcitiesofSodomandGomorrahstoodnearthelake.

1.WhatarethestrikingmainfeaturesoftheDeadSea?

2.Extremeheatisresponsiblefor（）.

3.Scholarsarenotquitesureabout（）.

4.TheDeadSeais（）.

5.ThewaterintheDeadSeaissosaltythatpeoplecan（）.

6.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat（）.

7.Inthephrase"Inthisarea"inline3ofparagraph4,"thisarea"refersto（）.

問題1選項

A.DeadSeaisapartofAsia.

B.Itisthesaltiestandlowestlakeoftheworld.

C.DeadSeaisnotsodeadthatsomefishcanliveinitswater.

D.Theregiongetsalotrainannually.

問題2選項

A.thehighsaltcontentofthewater

B.richresources

C.alonghistory

D.thewateroftheDeadSea

問題3選項

A.theSaltSea

B.theBible

C.minerals

D.theformationoftheDeadSea

問題4選項

A.tothesoutheasternAsia

B.notbarrenland

C.abundantinminerals

D.dead

問題5選項

A.batheinitformedicalpurpose

B.swiminit

C.floateasilyinthewater

D.useitastheonlysourceforsalt

問題6選項

A.thewaterlevelnowislowerthanitwasbeforeearly1900's

B.manyhealthresortsarebuiltaroundtheDeadSeasinceearly1900's

C.thereisnolifeintheDeadSea

D.theheavyraineachyeargreatlydilutethewaterintheDeadSea

問題7選項

A.theDeadSea

B.AtLisan

C.Northernbasin

D.Southernbasin

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

【解析】1.根據第一段的二三句“Itsshore,whichliesabout399metersbelowsealevel,isthelowestplaceonthesurfaceoftheearth.TheDeadSeaisthesaltiestbodyofwaterintheworld.”可知,死海最顯著的幾個特征是海拔最低,海水最咸,所以選項B符合原文。

2.根據第五段的倒數二三句“Butextremeheatintheareacausesthiswatertoevaporaterapidly.Thus,theDeadSeanevergrowslesssalty.”該地區的極端高溫導致這些水迅速蒸發。因此,死海的鹽分從未減少過。也就是海水含鹽量大,所以選項A正確。

3.根據最后一段的第一句“TheDeadSeawasprobablyformedmillionsofyearsago...”由“probably”可以推測,學者們對死海的形成不太確定。選項D正確。

4.根據第七段倒數第二句“...bathingintheDeadSeaishealthfulbecauseofitshighmineralcontent.”有些人認為,在死海洗澡是健康的,因為它富含礦物質。選項C正確。

5.根據第五段最后一句“Thehighsaltcontentofthewaterprovidesgreatbuoyancy,enablingswimmerstofloatwithease.”含鹽量極高的水提供了巨大的浮力,使游泳者可以輕松漂浮。選項C符合原文。

6.根據第五段第一句“Sincetheearly1900's,thewaterleveloftheDeadSeahasbeenslowlyfalling.”可知選項A符合原文,其他選項均表述錯誤。

7.根據原文上一句提到,這個湖最深的地方在北部水域,下一句指出湖泊位于水面以下400米,海平面以下約799米,說明“Inthisarea”指的就是北部水域,選項C正確。

4.單選題

Idon'tthinkthechargeforoverhaulingtheequipmentisexcessivein（

）toitssize.

問題1選項

A.correspondence

B.equation

C.proportion

D.dimension

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。correspondence意為“一致，符合”；equation意為“方程式，等式，相等”；proportion意為“份額，比例”，inproportionto意為“與……成比例，與……相稱”；dimension意為“尺寸，規模”。

句意：相對于它的尺寸來說，我認為大修這個設備所花的費用并不過分。

5.單選題

Mrs.Greenhasbeenlivingintownonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe（）witheveryonewhocomestothestore.

問題1選項

A.accepted

B.admitted

C.admired

D.acquainted

【答案】D

【解析】acquaint使認識,

使了解；accept接受；admit招收,

承認；admire

欽佩,

贊美,

羨慕。beacquaintedwithsb.為固定搭配，意為與...相識。句意：格林夫人在城里只住了一年，但她似乎認識來商店的每一個人。

6.不定項選擇題

Scientistsarehopingtoeliminatemalaria（瘧疾）bydevelopingageneticallymodifiedmosquitothatcannottransmitthedisease.MalariahaslongtroubledthepopulationsofSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsia,wheremosquitobitesinfectupto500millionpeopleayearwiththisseriousandsometimesfatalparasiticblooddisease.Forgenerations,scientistshavebeentryingtoeliminatemalariabydevelopingnewdrugsandusingpesticide（殺蟲劑）towipeoutlocalmosquitopopulations.Butthesemeasuresaren’tworking—andsomescientist,likeGregLanzaro,saythatbecauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago.Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease.

Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears.“Wecangetforeignintomosquitoesandtheygowherethey’resupposedtogo,”Lanzarosays,pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice.Andhesays,scientistsarequicklymakingprogressongenesthatblocktransmissionofthediseasetohumansaswell.

Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations.Afterall,hepointsout;it’suselesstoengineermosquitoesinthelabthatcan’ttransmitmalariawhentherearemillionsoutinthewildthatcan.Tosolvethisproblem,LanzarowantstoloadupamobilepieceofDMAwiththemalaria-resistantgene,andtheninsertitintoagroupofmosquitoembryos.Themalaria-resistantgenewouldbeintegrateddirectlyintothemosquitoes’DNA,makingitimpossibleforthosemosquitoestotransmittheparasitethatcausesmalaria.Inthiswayasmallgroupoflab-raisedmosquitoescouldbereleasedintothewild,andbyinterbreedingwithwildmosquitoes,eventuallytransmitthebeneficialgenetotheentirepopulation.

61.Onereasonformalariatobemorewidespreadnowisthat（）.

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

62.Lanzaroishopefulthatinafewyearmancan（）.

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

63.Lanzaroisconfidentthatscientistcanblockthetransmissionsofmalariatohumansbecause（）.

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

64.WhatisthemostdifficultpartofLanzaro’sproject?

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

65.Accordingtothepassage,afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalariaisto（）.

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

問題1選項

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

問題2選項

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

問題3選項

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

問題4選項

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

問題5選項

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:事實細節題。由malariatobemorewidespread定位到文章第一段倒數第二句“…becauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago”，由于耐藥性和人口變化，瘧疾現在實際上比20年前更流行。由此可知，瘧疾的流行與其耐藥性有關。A選項“morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas”，意為“更多的人搬到瘧疾感染地區”，這是瘧疾變得更流行后的結果，它導致了更多的人住在瘧疾感染地區；B選項“mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides”意為“蚊子已對殺蟲劑產生了抗藥性”，蚊子就是瘧疾的傳播者，蚊子對殺蟲劑產生耐藥性，所以瘧疾傳播得更廣；C選項“geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease”意為“轉基因蚊子仍然傳播這種疾病”，原文中科學家們試圖通過轉基因的蚊子來消滅瘧疾，這些轉基因蚊子是不能傳播疾病的；D選項“mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear”意為“蚊子每年叮咬多達5億人”，這是現狀不是導致的原因。因此B選項符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第一句“Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears”，蘭薩羅和他的同事們正在計劃一個長期的項目來制造抗瘧疾的蚊子，他認為他們可以在5年內做到。由此可知，蘭薩羅正計劃消滅瘧疾。A選項“starttoeliminatemalaria”，意為“開始消滅瘧疾”，與原文相符；B選項“cureparasiticblooddiseases”意為“治療寄生蟲性血液病”，與原文不符，蘭薩羅不是治療疾病而是尋找消滅瘧疾的辦法；C選項“preventmicefromtransmittingparasites”意為“防止老鼠傳播寄生蟲”，與原文不符，原文中是蚊子不會傳播寄生蟲給老鼠；D選項“acquireimmunityagainstmalaria”意為“獲得抗瘧疾免疫力”，原文并未提及抗瘧疾免疫力。因此A選項符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第二句“…pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice”，他指出，科學家已經成功地對蚊子進行了基因改造，使它們不會將瘧疾傳播給鳥類和老鼠。由此可知，科學家在鳥類和老鼠身上已經取得了成功，蚊子不會傳播寄生蟲到它們身上。A選項“naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange”，意為“蚊子的自然數量不會改變”，原文未提及蚊子數量的變化；B選項“scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice”意為“科學家已經在鳥類和老鼠身上取得了成功”，與原文相符；C選項“foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired”意為“外來基因總是去需要它們的地方”，與原文不符，原文是讓外來基因進入蚊子體內；D選項“lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs”意為“實驗室飼養的蚊子不會對藥物產生抗藥性”，原文并未提及實驗室蚊子的抗藥性。因此B選項符合題意。

第4題:事實細節題。由mostdifficultpart定位到文章第三段第一句“Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations”，蘭薩羅說，科學上最困難的部分是弄清楚如何讓實驗室改造的蚊子將它們的基因傳播到自然種群中。由此可知，將抗瘧疾基因傳播到蚊子的自然種群中是蘭薩羅面對的難題。A選項“Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations”，意為“將抗瘧疾基因傳播到天然蚊子種群中”，與原文相符；B選項“Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes”意為“培育抗瘧疾的蚊子”，原文中實驗室已經培育出抗瘧疾的蚊子；C選項“Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria”意為“制造阻止瘧疾傳播的基因”，與原文不符，原文中實驗室已經能制造抗瘧疾的基因；D選項“Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes”意為“識別抗瘧疾基因”，原文中實驗室可以將抗瘧疾基因插入蚊子胚胎，說明識別抗瘧疾基因不是難題。因此A選項符合題意。

第5題:判斷推理題。由afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalaria定位到文章第一段最后一句“Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease”，蘭薩羅說，他有一個更好的方法來阻止瘧疾的傳播：對蚊子進行基因改造，使它們無法攜帶這種疾病。由此可知，改變蚊子的基因，使它們攜帶抗瘧疾基因是阻止瘧疾傳播的有效辦法。C選項“changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes”意為“改變蚊子的基因組成”與原文相符。A選項“developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs”，意為“開發新的抗瘧疾藥物”，B選項“produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes”意為“生產有效的殺蟲劑殺死蚊子”和D選項“removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas”意為“將人移出瘧疾感染地區”，這三種辦法原文均沒有提及。因此C選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Duringthenineteenyearsofhiscareer,FranceBattiatehaswonthe______ofawideaudienceoutsideItaly.

問題1選項

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.reputation

D.evaluation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。recognition“識別，承認”；appreciation“欣賞”；reputation“名聲，名譽”；evaluation“評價”。句意：在19年的職業生涯中，法國Battiate贏得了意大利以外廣大讀者的贊賞。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Shesaysthefilesshelookedatweren’tconfidentialandwere（）forconsultationbyanyseniormemberofstaff.

問題1選項

A.freeavailable

B.freelyavailing

C.freeavailably

D.freelyavailable

【答案】D

【解析】語法和固定搭配。根據空格前的be動詞were可知，空格處的中心詞應該是一個形容詞。available“可獲得的，可購得的”；availably“有效用地，可獲得地”；availing為動詞avail的現在分詞形式。所以排除選項B和C。形容詞前可有副詞修飾，freely“免費地，自由地”，free“免費的，自由的”。句意：她說她看的文件不是機密的，并且任何高級職員都可以免費獲得這些文件的咨詢。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Theworkintheofficewas（

）byaconstantstreamofvisitors.

問題1選項

A.confused

B.hampered

C.reversed

D.perplexed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。confuse“使混亂，使困惑”；hamper“妨礙，束縛”；reverse“顛倒，倒轉”；perplex“使……困惑，使……為難”。句意：辦公室的工作被接連不斷的來訪人員妨礙了。選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

Painting,theexecutionofformsandshapesonasurfacebymeansofpigment,hasbeencontinuouslypracticedbyhumansforsome20,000years.Togetherwithotheractivities（1）ritualisticinoriginbuthavecometobedesignatedasartistic（suchasmusicordance）,paintingwasoneoftheearliestwaysinwhichman（2）toexpresshisownpersonalityandhis（3）understandingofanexistencebeyondthematerialworld.（4）musicanddance,however,examplesofearlyformsofpaintinghavesurvivedtothepresentday.Themoderneyecanderiveaestheticaswellasantiquariansatisfaction（5）the15,000-year-oldcavemuralsofLascaux—someexamples（6）totheconsiderablepowersofdraftsmanshipoftheseearlyartists.Andpainting,likeotherarts,exhibitsuniversalqualitiesthat（7）forviewersofallnationsandcivilizationstounderstandandappreciate.

Themajor（8）examplesofearlypaintinganywhereintheworldarefoundinWesternEuropeandtheSovietUnion.Butsome5,000yearsago,theareasinwhichimportantpaintingswereexecuted（9）totheeasternM