學術英語社科AcademicEnglishforSocialSciences學術英語社科AcademicEnglishforSo2EconomistJustasyoucannotbecomeamathematician,psychologist,orlawyerovernight,learningtothinklikeaneconomistwilltaketime.However,whatistheeconomist’swayofthinking?Whatdoesitmeantothinklikeaneconomist?Bylearningthisunit,youwillfindtheanswers.2EconomistUnit2

EconomicsLead-inTextATextBTextCListeningSpeakingWritingUnitContentsUnit2

EconomicsLead-inUnitCoLead-inWhostudieseconomics?Unit2

EconomicsLead-inUnit2

EconomicsLead-inJustasyoucannotbecomeamathematicianovernight,studyeconomicsandlearntothinklikeaneconomistwilltaketime.Howeverwhostudieseconomics?

Task1Listentoatalk“Whostudieseconomics?”andcompletethesentences.Unit2

EconomicsLead-inJustasyoucannotbecoLead-inUnit2

Economics1Economicscanseem__________atfirst,butthefieldisfundamentallyvery_________.2MickJaggeroncestudiedat

_____________________________.3Whenaskedin2005whyTheRollingStonesweregoingontouragain,MickJaggerreplied,

“________________________.”abstractpracticaltheLondonSchoolofEconomicsSupplyanddemandLead-inUnit2

Economics1EconoLead-inUnit2

EconomicsTask2Listentothetalkagainandcompletethefollowingtable.NameProfessionRonaldReganMichaelKinsleySteveBallmerMickJaggerFormerPresidentoftheUnitedStatesJournalistChiefExecutiveOfficer,

Microsoft

SingerfortheRollingStones

Lead-inUnit2

EconomicsTask2TextACriticalreadingandthinkingDifficultsentencesEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeSpecializedvocabularyCollocationsFormalandinformalEnglishSignpostlanguageUnit2

EconomicsTextACriticalreadingandthiTextACriticalreadingandthinkingofTextAUnit2

EconomicsTextAnalysisThesis:Economicsisascience.Theeconomistworksasascientist.TextACriticalreadingandthiTextACriticalreadingandthinkingofTextAUnit2

Economics1

Scienceandscientistshaveitsownlanguage,e.g.math,psychology,law.Economicsandeconomistsarethesame,e.g.supply,demand,elasticity,consumersurplus.2Scienceandscientistsusescientificmethod,e.g.observation,devisetheories,collectdata,analyze,test,shownwiththeexampleofIsaacNewton.Economicsandeconomistsarethesame;theyuseobservationandtheory,e.g.atheoryofinflation.TextACriticalreadingandthiTextACriticalreadingandthinkingofTextAUnit2

EconomicsNaturalsciencesorSocialsciences?Economicsisasocial

science.TextACriticalreadingandthiTextADifficultsentencesUnit2

Economics“Thewholeofscienceisnothingmorethantherefinementofeverydaythinking.”(Para.4)→“Scienceisalljustaboutimprovingeverydaythinking.”TextADifficultsentencesUnitTextADifficultsentencesUnit2

Economics

Yet,despitethislackofrealism–indeed,becauseofthislackofrealism–studyingthesemodelsisusefulforlearninghowthehumanbodyworks.(Para.13)→Yet,althoughthemodelsarenotexactlythesameasrealbodies–actuallyjustbecausetheyarenotthatrealistic–theyareusefultohelppeoplelearnhowthehumanbodyworks.TextADifficultsentencesUnitTextADifficultsentencesUnit2

EconomicsThesemodelsarestylized,andtheyomitmanydetails.(Para.13)→Thesemodelsareartificialratherthanrealistic,andtheydon’ttakemanydetailsintoconsideration.TextADifficultsentencesUnitTextADifficultsentencesUnit2

Economics

Yet,despitethislackofrealism–indeed,becauseofthislackofrealism–studyingthesemodelsisusefulforlearninghowthehumanbodyworks.(Para.13)→Yet,althoughthemodelsarenotexactlythesameasrealbodies–actuallyjustbecausetheyarenotthatrealistic–theyareusefultohelppeoplelearnhowthehumanbodyworks.TextADifficultsentencesUnitSpecializedvocabularyelasticity___________comparativeadvantage___________ consumersurplus_______________deadweightloss _______________

highinflation _______________

quantityofmoney_______________

long-runeffectsofthepolicy_______________TextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit2

Economics（需求等的）彈性比較優勢消費過剩凈損失高通脹貨幣量長期政策效應SpecializedvocabularyelastiSpecializedvocabulary經濟政策制定者___________________

貨幣流通量____________________________

供需____________________貨幣政策 _______________

TextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit2

Economicseconomicpolicymaker

amount

ofcurrencyincirculation

supplyanddemandmonetarypolicySpecializedvocabulary經濟政策制定CollocationsTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeaddressthesubjectdevise/verify/refutetheoriescollect/analyze/generatedatatheinterplaybetweenobservationandtheorydoubtthevalidityofthetheoryfaceanobstaclemakedowithfindasubstituteforsimplifythecomplexworld/realityincirculationomitdetailsUnit2

EconomicsCollocationsTextAEnglishlangSignpostlanguagecauseandeffect:cluewordstoindicatecauseandeffect:

becausethereforethereasonconsequentlyleadto,resultfromasaresultisduetoasaconsequenceTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit2

EconomicsSignpostlanguagecauseandeffSignpostlanguageSignpostlanguagetointroducethetopic:Themainissuesaddressedinthispaperare…Thisstudycriticallyexamines…Theobjectiveofthispaperisto...Thepurposeofthisinvestigationisto...Theaimofthispaperisto...Thispaperreportsontheresultsobtained…TextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit2

EconomicsSignpostlanguageSignpostlanSignpostlanguageSignpostlanguagetointroducethetopic:

Thisstudywasdesignedto...Thispaperarguesthat...Therestofthispaperisorganizedinthefollowingway...Thispaperisstructuredasfollows...Theremainderofthispaperisdividedintofive

sections...Thispaperbeginsby…Itwillthengoonto…Finally,…

TextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit2

EconomicsSignpostlanguageSignpostlanFormalandinformalEnglishTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit2

Economics1

WheneverI'dvisitedtherebefore,I'dendedupfeelingthatitwouldbefutileifItriedtodoanythingmore.Changethefollowingsentencesintoamoreformalstyleofwriting.→Everypreviousvisithadleftmewithasenseofthefutilityoffurtheractiononmypart.FormalandinformalEnglishTexFormalandinformalEnglishTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit2

Economics2

ThecitiesinSwitzerlandhadoncebeenpeaceful,buttheychangedwhenpeoplebecameviolent.Changethefollowingsentencesintoamoreformalstyleofwriting.→ViolencechangedthefaceofoncepeacefulSwisscities.FormalandinformalEnglishTexFormalandinformalEnglishTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit2

Economics3

Becausethetechnologyhasimprovedit’slessriskythanitusedtobewhenyouinstallthematthesametime,anditdoesn'tcostsomucheither.Changethefollowingsentencesintoamoreformalstyleofwriting.

→Improvementsintechnologyhavereducedtherisksandhighcostsassociatedwithsimultaneousinstallation.FormalandinformalEnglishTexFormalandinformalEnglishTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit2

Economics4

Thepeopleinthecolonyrejoicedwhenitwaspromisedthatthingswouldchangeinthisway.Changethefollowingsentencesintoamoreformalstyleofwriting.→Opinioninthecolonygreetedthepromisedchangewithenthusiasm.FormalandinformalEnglishTexThetreediagrambelowshowshowtheauthorillustrateshispoints.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext..TextASuggestedanswersUnit2

EconomicsTheeconomistworksasa(n)_________ThinkinglikeaneconomistCriticalreadingandthinkingUsingscientificmethods,suchas:scientistmakeobservations,devisetheories,collectdata,andanalyzethem.Usingdifferent_____________toanswerdifferentquestions.assumptionsBuildingsimplified_________toexaminevariouseconomicissues.modelsThetreediagrambelowshowshAnswerthefollowingquestions.TextASuggestedanswersUnit2

EconomicsCriticalreadingandthinking1Whatkindofrhetoricdevicedoestheauthoruseinthefirsttwoparagraphs?Analogy.2WhatisthetopicsentenceofParagraph3?Economiststrytoaddresstheirsubjectwithascientist’sobjectivity.3WhydoestheauthorquoteAlbertEinstein?Tosupporthisideaabouttheessenceofscience.4WhyisNewton’stheorystilltaughtinundergraduatephysicscoursesaroundtheworld?BecauseNewton’stheoryissosuccessfulatexplainingobservation.AnswerthefollowingquestionsAnswerthefollowingquestions.TextASuggestedanswersUnit2

EconomicsCriticalreadingandthinking5Whatkindofobstaclesdoeconomistsfacewhentheyusetheoryandobservationlikeotherscientists?Itisoftendifficultandimpossibletoconductexperiments.6Howdoeconomistsfindasubstituteforlaboratoryexperiments?Theypaycloseattentiontothenaturalexperimentsofferedbyhistory.7Forwhatreasondoeconomistsmakeassumptions?Becauseassumptionscansimplifythecomplexworldandmakeiteasiertounderstand.8Whatdoeconomicmodelsconsistof?Theyconsistofdiagramsandequations.9Whatdoallmodelsinphysics,biology,andeconomicsshareincommon?Theysimplifyrealitytoimproveourunderstandingofit.AnswerthefollowingquestionsLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersUnit2

EconomicsTask1Specializedvocabulary2Cparativeadvantageconsumersurplusdeadweightlosshighinflationmonetarypolicysupplyanddemand1Taxeshave_______________becausetheycausebuyerstoconsumelessandsellerstoproduceless.deadweightloss2Thetools___________________ofallowyoutoanalyzemanyofthemostimportanteventsandpoliciesthatshapetheeconomy.supplyanddemand3____________________isagoodmeasureofeconomicwell-beingifpolicymakerswanttorespectthepreferencesofbuyers.ConsumersurplusLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersUnit2

EconomicsTask1Specializedvocabulary2Cparativeadvantageconsumersurplusdeadweightlosshighinflationmonetarypolicysupplyanddemand4Inthe1970s,whentheworldexperiencedarelatively_____________,opinionpollsoftenplacedinflationasthemostimportantissuefacingthenation.highinflation5Itistheroleofacentralbank—aninstitutiondesignedtooverseethebankingsystem,tocarryout_________________,andregulatethequantityofmoneyintheeconomy.monetarypolicyLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersUnit2

EconomicsTask1Specializedvocabulary2Cparativeadvantageconsumersurplusdeadweightlosshighinflationmonetarypolicysupplyanddemandcomparativeadvantage6Tradecanbenefiteveryoneinsocietybecauseitallowspeopletospecializeinactivitiesinwhichtheyhavea_____________________.Languagebuilding-upTextASuggLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersUnit2

EconomicsTask1SignpostlanguageCompletethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsintheabovebox.Theremaybemorethanonecorrectanswer.1Karlin’snovels____________hisexperienceintheVietnamWar.resultedfrom

2Monthsofsecrettalkswiththerebelsfinally__________thereleaseofthehostages.resultedin3Animalshavedied_________________ofcomingintocontactwiththischemical.asaconsequence

4_____________wedidn’tconsiderherforthejobwasthatshedidn’thaveenoughexperience.ThereasonLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersUnit2

EconomicsTask1SignpostlanguageCompletethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsintheabovebox.Theremaybemorethanonecorrectanswer.Consequently 7___________oflastweek’sblackoutswasalargepowerplantsuddenlygoingofflineinNorthernCalifornia.5Mostcomputerusershaveneverreceivedanyformalkeyboardtraining.______________theirkeyboardskillsareinefficient.6Jewishweddingsarebothreligiousandcivil.__________twoofficialapplicationsformarriagearenecessary.Therefore

Thecause

8Between1990and1992,thereweremorethan1,000mergersinthatindustry—allofwhich________joblosses.ledtoLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersUnit2

EconomicsTask3FormalEnglishReplacetheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentenceswiththeonesthataremoredaily-life.1Atfirst,thisnewlanguagemayseemneedlesslyarcane.secret

Key:

2Economiststrytoaddresstheirsubjectwithascientist’sobjectivity.Key:

study3Theyapproachthestudyoftheeconomyinmuchthesamewayasaphysicistapproachesthestudyofmatterandabiologistapproachesthestudyoflife.Key:

dealwith4Theydevisetheories,collectdata,andthenanalyzethesedatainanattempttoverifyorrefutetheirtheories.Key:

invent Languagebuilding-upTextASuggLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersUnit2

EconomicsTask3FormalEnglishReplacetheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentenceswiththeonesthataremoredaily-life.5Tobeginners,itcanseemoddtoclaimthateconomicsisascience.strange

Key:

6Mostpeoplearenotaccustomedtolookingatsocietythroughtheeyesofascientist.Key:

used7ThisobservationmotivatedNewtontodevelopatheoryofgravitythatappliesnotonlytoanapplefallingtotheearthbuttoanytwoobjectsintheuniverse.Key:

droveLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersUnit2

EconomicsTask3FormalEnglishReplacetheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentenceswiththeonesthataremoredaily-life.8Bycontrast,economistsstudyinginflationarenotallowedtomanipulateanation’smonetarypolicysimplytogenerateusefuldata.control

Key:

10Andthisopportunitypersistslongafterthewartimeincreaseinoilpricesisover.Key:

continuestoexist9Forconsumersofoilandoilproducts,suchaneventdepresseslivingstandards.Key:

reducesLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggTextBLeadinKeytermsCriticalreadingDifficultsentencesEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit2

EconomicsTextBLeadinUnit2

EconomicsTextBReadingcritically:questionsfordiscussionUnit2

EconomicsDiscussthefollowingquestions:Lifeisregardedasagame.Doyouagree?Whyorwhynot?Lead-inTextBReadingcritically:quesTextBKeytermsUnit2

Economics

Gametheory:themodelingofeconomicdecisionsbygameswhoseoutcomedependsonthedecisionstakenbytwoormoreagents,eachhavingtomakedecisionswithoutinformationonwhatchoicestheothersaremaking.TextBKeytermsUnit2

EconomicTextBKeytermsUnit2

Economics

Competitivestrategies(競爭策略):unbeatablestrategiesusedinthecontextofthefactthateveryoneelseisalsolookingforthem.E.eration,oreverybodyplayingthesameway;behavedifferentlyfromoneanotherTextBKeytermsUnit2

EconomicTextBKeytermsUnit2

Economics

Evolutionarilystablestrategies(ESS)(進化穩定策略):astrategywhich,ifadoptedbyapopulationofplayers,cannotbeinvadedbyanyalternativestrategythatisinitiallyrare.AnESSisanequilibriumrefinementoftheNashequilibrium.TextBKeytermsUnit2

EconomicTextBKeytermsUnit2

Economics

Rationalhumanchoice:peoplewilladjusttheirbehaviorinordertomaximizetheirgains.

Nashequilibrium:納什均衡asolutionconceptofagameinvolvingtwoormoreplayers,inwhicheachplayerisassumedtoknowtheequilibriumstrategiesoftheotherplayers,alsonoplayerhasanythingtogainbychangingonlyhisownstrategyunilaterally.TextBKeytermsUnit2

EconomicTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit2

EconomicsComparisonbetweenthetwoschoolsofresearchersAnimalbehavioristsEconomistsEvolutionarilystablestrategiesImplication：thewaythestrategiesareplayedhasbeenhardwiredintotheparticipantsbytheprocessesofnaturalselectionNashequilibriumImplication:adjusttheirbehaviortomaximizetheirgainsTextBCriticalreadingandthiTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit2

EconomicsDrKurzban&Dr.Houser’sstudyTheycalltheeconomists’assumptionintoquestion.Theirnewassumption:itmaybefruitfultoworkwiththeideathathumanbehavior,cansometimesbegovernedbyevolutionarilystablestrategies.TextBCriticalreadingandthiTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit2

EconomicsMakinganexperiment:Public-goodsgame公共物品博弈astandardofexperimentaleconomics;inthebasicgamesubjectssecretlychoosehowmanyoftheirprivatetokenstoputintothepublicpot.Eachsubjectkeepsthetokenstheydonotcontributeplusanevensplitofthetokensinthepot.

Methods(seepage35,Para4):fourplayers;interactedviaacomputer;virtualtokensredeemableformoneyTextBCriticalreadingandthiTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit2

EconomicsMakinganexperiment:

Gamerules(seepage35,Para4):Aplayercouldkeepsomeorallofthetokensandanynotkeptwereputintoapool,tobesharedamonggroupmembers.Thegamecontinuedforarandomnumberofturns.

Attheendofthegame(seepage35,Para4):Thevalueofthepoolwasdoubledandwasdividedintofourequalpartsandgiventotheplayer,alongwiththevalueofanytokenstheyhadheldonto.TextBCriticalreadingandthiTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit2

EconomicsMakinganexperiment:Threeapproachesaplayercantake(seepage35,Para5):CooperatewithhisopponentstomaximizegroupbenefitsFree-ride(i.e.,trytosuckercooperators)Reciprocate(i.e.,cooperatewiththosewhoshowsignsofbeingcooperative,butnotwithfree-riders)TextBCriticalreadingandthiTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit2

EconomicsMakinganexperiment:Results:(seepage35,Para7):Of84participants,81fellintooneofthethreecategories.Researchersaskthese81participantstoplaygamesagaintotestwhethertheychangestrategy.Andtheydidnot.3.People’sbehaviorsareclear-cut,strategiesstaystablewiththesameaveragepayoffs.TextBCriticalreadingandthiTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit2

EconomicsMakinganexperiment:Conclusions(seepage35,Para8):Itsuggeststhatpeople’sapproachestocooperatewiththeirfellowsareindeedevolutionarilystable.HumanbehaviorcansometimesbegovernedbyevolutionarilystablestrategiesTextBCriticalreadingandthiTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit2

EconomicsTask1Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1“Manypeople,itissaid,regardlifeasagame.”Doyouagree?Whyorwhynot?2Whatarethedifferencesbetweenbehavioristsandeconomistsintermsofgametheory?Useexamplestoillustratethem.3WhatarethefindingsofDr.KurzbanandDr.Houser’sstudy?Howdidtheyillustratetheirpoint?TextBCriticalreadingandthiTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit2

EconomicsClassroomactivity:Workingroupsof4andplaythepublicgoodsgameaDr.KurzabanandDr.Houserdid.YoumayrefertoTask3onPage37.TextBCriticalreadingandthiTextBDifficultsentencesUnit2

Economics

Eachplayerwasgivenanumberofvirtualtokens,redeemableformoneyattheendofthegame.(Para.4)→Eachplayerwasgivensomevirtualtokenswhichwerechangedintorealmoneyattheendofthegame.(Realmoneywasgiventomotivatetheparticipantstotakethegameseriously.)TextBDifficultsentencesUnitTextBDifficultsentencesUnit2

Economics

Individualstrategiesarenotexpectedtobeequallyrepresentedinapopulation.Instead,theyshouldappearinproportionsthatequalizetheirpayoffstothosewhoplaythem.(Para.6)→Generallyspeaking,individualstrategiesarenotemployedbythesamenumberofpeopleinapopulation.Theproportionsofthestrategytendtobeequaltotheextentofthepayoffsbroughtbythestrategies.TextBDifficultsentencesUnitTextBDifficultsentencesUnit2

Economics

Astrategycanbeadvantageouswhenrareanddisadvantageouswhencommon.(Para.6)→Astrategycanbeadvantageouseventhoughfewpeopleadoptthemanddisadvantageouswhenitisacommonstrategyadoptedbymanypeople.TextBDifficultsentencesUnitTextBDifficultsentencesUnit2

Economics

Ofcourse,itisalongstretchfromshowingequalsuccessinalaboratorygametoshowingitinthematinggamethatdeterminesevolutionaryoutcomes.(Para.8)→Naturallyjustshowingequalsuccessinalaboratorygameisnotthesameasshowingitthematinggamethatdeterminesevolutionaryoutcomes.Thereisstillahugegapbetweenthem.TextBDifficultsentencesUnitTextCCriticalreadingUnit2

EconomicsTextCCriticalreadingUnit2

ETextCUnit2

EconomicsVisittheofficialwebsiteoftheNationalBureauofStatisticsofChinaandfindhowtheCPIofChinaisconstructed.Completethefollowingtable,listingthecategoriesintheorderofproportion.CategoriesofU.S.CPICategoriesofChineseCPI1Housing2Transportation3Foodandbeverages4Medicalcare5Recreation6Educationandcommunication7Apparel8OthergoodsandservicesFoodTobacco,liquorandarticlesClothingHouseholdfacilities,articlesandservicesHealthcareandpersonalarticlesTransportationandcommunicationRecreation,EducationandCultureArticlesResidenceTextCUnit2

EconomicsVisitthListeningHowtofindmajorpointsListeningtasksUnit2

EconomistListeningHowtofindmajorpoHowtofindmajorpoints

Findingmajorpoints

Herearesomecluesthatmighthelpyoupickoutimportantideas:Thespeakeroftenpausesbeforestartinganimportantpoint;Thespeakeroftenusesrepetitiontoemphasizethepoint;ListeningUnit2

EconomistHowtofindmajorpointsFindiHowtofindmajorpoints

FindingmajorpointsThespeakermaychangethepitch,volumeandrhythmoftheirvoiceforemphasis;Thespeakeroftenusesintroductoryphrasestoprecedeanimportantpoint.Forinstance,“Itisessentialforyoutoknow…”,“Rememberthat…”Somespeakersusefacialgesturesorbodymovementwhentheyareemphasizingapoint.ListeningUnit2

EconomistHowtofindmajorpointsFindiListeningListenforathesisstatementattheendoftheintroduction.Listenforrhetoricalquestions,orquestionsthatthespeakerasks,andthenanswers.Oftentheansweristhethesis.ListeningtasksUnit2

EconomistListeningListenforathesissTask1Listentoalectureabouthowtostudyeconomicswell.Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectanswer.Listening1Accordingtothelecture,theprofessorismostlikelyteachingthecourseof

.AMacroeconomicsBPrinciplesofEconomicsCMicroeconomicsDEconomicBehaviorismListeningtasksUnit2

EconomistBTask1ListentoalectureabTask1Listentoalectureabouthowtostudyeconomicswell.Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectanswer.Listening2Theprofessorhasintroducedthestudentsto

inthepastweeks.AtheideasandmethodsofeconomicsBthegreateconomistsCtheimportanteconomiceventsDtheprinciplesofeconomicpoliciesListeningtasksUnit2

EconomistATask1ListentoalectureabTask1Listentoalectureabouthowtostudyeconomicswell.Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectanswer.Listening3AccordingtoJohnMaynardKeynes,economicsiscomparatively

.AadifficultsubjectBasubjectmanypeopleexcelatCaneasysubjectDaneither-easy-nor-difficultsubjectListeningtasksUnit2

EconomistCTask1ListentoalectureabTask1Listentoalectureabouthowtostudyeconomicswell.Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectanswer.Listening4Themaster-economistmustpossessararecombinationofthegiftsofthefollowingpeopleexcept

.AahistorianBamathematicianCaphilosopherDaphysicistListeningtasksUnit2

EconomistDTask1ListentoalectureabTask1Listentoalectureabouthowtostudyeconomicswell.Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectanswer.Listening5Theprofessorencouragesstudentsto____

sothattheywillbecomemoreandmoreaccustomedtothinkinglikeaneconomist.AhavemorepracticeBdomorehomeworkCdomorereadingDtakemorecoursesListeningtasksUnit2

EconomistATask1ListentoalectureabTask2Listentothelectureagainandcompletethefollowingparagraphtakenfromthelecture.ListeningHemustunderstandsymbolsandspeakinwords.Hemustcontemplatethe(1)

intermsofthegeneral,andtouchabstractand(2)

inthesameflightofthought.Hemuststudythepresent(3)

forthepurposesofthefuture.Nopartofman’snatureorhisinstitutionsmustlieentirely(4)

.Hemustbepurposefulanddisinterestedinasimultaneousmood;asaloofandincorruptibleasanartist,yetsometimes(5)

.ListeningtasksUnit2

Economistparticularconcreteinthelightofthepastoutside