1、主謂一致.在一般現在時中，若主語是單數第三人稱，謂語動詞則要加-s或-es,具體變化同名詞的單數變復數。如：He goes to school at 8 every morning.不說： He go.1）單數第三人稱作主語的詞包括：單數人稱代詞：he, she, it不定代詞：each, everyone人名：John, Bill Gates等。普通單數名詞：my brother, English等。2）單數動詞的變化有：be is; have has;其他動詞在詞尾加-s或-es,具體 變化同名詞的單數變復數，work-works, study-studieso若主語是單數第一、第二人稱或

2、復數，則謂語動詞永原形，不需要加-s或-es. 常見的這樣的主語有：單數人稱代詞：I, you復數人稱代詞：we, you, they復 數名詞：students, books等。.在助動詞或情態動詞后面，直接接動詞原型。She can sing in English.He goes to school early. / He doesn go to school early. There be句型的主謂一致。研究下列句子：There is a book on the desk. There are two books on the desk.There be句型是一倒裝結構，因此謂語動詞的單

3、復數要與be動詞后面的名詞 一致。. “數量詞+名詞”結構的主謂一致只與口數名詞連用只接單數的OneEacheveryOne boyEach boyEvery boy單數謂語Every boy is smart.Every boy has a gift.Every boy studies hard.只接復數的Two, three, etc. Both A couple of A few Few Several Many A number ofTwo boysBoth boysA couple of boysA few boysFew boysSeveral boysMany boysA num

4、ber of boys復數謂語Many boys are smart.Many boys have a gift.Many boys study hard.單數謂語Much water is clean.Much water has bacteria.只與/、口數名詞連用A littleLittleMuchA great deal ofAlargeamount ofA little waterLittle waterMuch waterA great deal of waterA large amount of water與口數名 詞復數或 /、可數名 詞連用均 可Not anySomeA l

5、ot ofLots ofNot any boys, not any waterSome boys, some waterA lot of boys, a lot of waterLots of boys, lots of water接口數復數名詞時用 復數謂語；接/、可數 名詞時用單數謂語。Some water is clean.Some boys are smart.Plenty ofMost allPlenty of boys, plenty of water Most boys, most waterAll boys, all water在上述數量詞中，有些還可以接 of短語連用。具體用

6、法如下:All/most/some/any of +特指限定詞+復數可數或/、可數名詞 Most of my/these/the/JohHs books are interesting.Most of the information is useless.Many/a few/few/several/both/two/three/of + 特指限定詞 + 復數 可數名詞Many of these students are good at English.總的規則：接可數復數名詞 時用復數謂語；接 不可數名詞時用 單數謂語。Much/a little/little of +特指限定詞+/、可數名

7、詞Much of the water is wastedOne ofEach of+特指限定詞+復數可數名詞+單數謂語Every one ofOne of my students is good at English.Every one of my students is good at English.5.單數形式的名詞作主語與謂語動詞形式的關系一般來說，單數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數形式，這個符合英語中的語法上致原則。但此種情況也有例外。現在詳細歸納如下：Many a +名詞單數，雖為復數概念，但謂語用單數。There is many an error that he has neglec

8、ted.Many a man and (many a) woman has wished that he or she had had a better education. (Many men and women hav e.)2)More than one+數名詞單數，是復數概念，但謂語用單數。There is more than one answer to this question.More than one topic has been discussed at the meeting. 與此類似的另一個結構：more+復數名詞+than one,謂語用復數。More topics

9、than one have been discussed at the meeting.More persons than one were killed.a+單數名詞+or two作主語，謂語用單數。One or two+復數名詞，謂語用復數。A word or two is misused in the sentence.One or two words are misused in the sentence.對于集體名詞，如： party, crowd, class, team, family, crew, government, committee, audience, public等

10、，貝要視t青況而定：a.若集體名詞被看成一個整體，則用單數謂語。b.若集體名詞被看成是有具體若干成員組成的，則用復數謂語。試比較：The public is the best judge.The public are requested to write down their names in this book.He has joined the football team who are all famous footballers.A football team which keeps on training hard is more likely to win.There was a

11、large audience in the great hall.The audience were excited.但集體名詞：police, militia(民兵)，cattle, people等總是接復數動詞，而 mankind, humanity 接單數動詞。Police in Guangdong Province are investigating an organized cheating operation in Dianbai Country of the province during national college entrance exams.5)定冠詞the+adj.

12、或過去分詞(1)若表示抽象概念，謂語用單數。(見a,b,c旬)（2）表示一類人，則為復數概念，謂語用復數。（見d,e旬）（3）有時根據上下文來判斷。（見f,g旬）The good in him overweight the bad.（抽象概念）他身上的優點比缺 點多。The best is yet to come.The beautiful is not always the same as the good.The blind are unfortunate.The oppressed are to rise one day.The deceased was his mother武示單個的人

13、）The deceased were ten farmers.6.復數形式的名詞作主語與謂語動詞形式的關系這種情況下，謂語動詞形式不能一概而論。不過一條原則是：（1）若復數形式的名詞表示的是復數概念，則顯然要接復數謂語；（2）若復數形式的名詞表示的是單數的概念，或將其看成一個整體部分，則用單數謂語。這么說來，在這種情況下，我們主要采用意義一致的原則來判斷主謂一 致。1）常見的表示成對概念的復數名詞，如：pants, trousers, scissors, sca底灰平），glasses, binoculars雙筒望遠鏡），spectacles, bifocals （雙光眼鏡）。謂語動 詞用復數

14、。Where are my glasses?2）形式上是復數（詞尾加s）,但表示單數概念的詞，謂語用單數。Works（工廠卜 gallows（絞開架）、politics, statistics, measles, diabetesPolitics is often a popular topic among people.Statistics is a science.單若politics, statistics不表示學科，而分別表示“政治觀點”，“統計數據” 時，則需要復數。Statistics prove that -.What are your politics?3）表示時間，重量，數額

15、的復數名詞作主語，我們通常將它們看成一個整體，故 謂語用單數。The years is a moment in history.One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor.Two tons is enough.The difference between America and England is, the English think 100 milesis a long distance and Americans think 100 years is a long time.值得注意的是，若“數詞”單用，表示人或物，謂語動詞一般用復數。

16、Ten were killed and five were missing and several were severely wounded in that accident.Few know the fact.4）復數的專有名詞后面都接復數謂語動詞：a. The Great Lakes are a series of five lakes between the USA and Canada. 不過特殊的有：the United Nations, the United State#勻看作一個整體，故用單 數謂語動詞。7.并列主語與謂語動詞形式的關系1）由and連接的多個成分，若表示一種事物

17、或一種概念時，用單數動詞；若 表示的是多個不同的概念時，則用復數動詞。The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our college tonight. （writer 和translator是指同一個人）The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our college tonight.（t匕 處指兩個人）The tenth and last lesson is translated by him.（同一課）The tenth and the last less

18、on are translated by him?（個不同的課）2）若and連接兩個并列主語，且and后面的名詞有相關的副詞（not, perhaps, particularly, even, too, likewise, as well 等）修飾，貝謂語動詞形式與 and 前 面的名詞保持一致。因為此時句子的真正主語應是and前面的名詞，此時and與前面的名詞之間常有逗號隔開。The horse and not the donkey is used in games of racing.Tom, and not Jim, has gone there.That the sun and not

19、 the earth is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.Jack, and perhaps Williams, has been there.Jack, and particularly his parents, is fond of this music.3)兩個表示不同物質的名詞，雖由and連接，但習慣上此兩樣東西常常被同 時使用，這時我們將二者看作是一整體，故謂語動詞仍用單數。常見的 這樣的名詞有：Bread and butter is my

20、favorite breakfast.Apple pie and ice cream is the favorite dessert of many people.The fork and knife is hard for me to useor連接的并列主語，動詞形式與 or最靠近的主語保持一致。He or I am to go.Her sisters or his brother has a hobby of collecting stamps.every and(every)each ，and(each),any and(any)，no and(no)，many a - and(man

21、y a) 連接的并列主語，用單數謂語動詞。Every hour and every minute is important.Every man, woman and child is an important being.Every boy and girl has to have his hair neatly combedMany a man and (many a) woman has wished he or she had had a better education.eitheror，not only- but also，neither.nor，謂語動詞單復數與 or, but(a

22、lso), nor后面的詞一致。Not only the students but also their teacher is required to attend the meeting.Not only their teacher but also the students are required to attend the meeting.7)與第六點形成對照的是，“主語+with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, including, in addition to, added to, except, beside

23、s, rather than,accompanied by+另一主語”的結構中，謂語動詞形式與第一個主語保持人稱和數的一致。Mary, along with her sisters, attends the sessions regularly.The students as well as the teacher are required to attend the meeting.I, as well as they, am ready to help you.8.在of結構中謂語動詞的單復數這類情況較為復雜，且不總是那么具有規律性。基本可歸納如下：像 kind, type, sort,

24、class, species, breed, variety, form, brand, mak妤表示類別的名詞，總的規律是：句子謂語動詞單復數與of前面的名詞形式保持一致。What kind of rice is served in that restaurant?This kind of apple is sour.The kind of apples is sour.Apples of this kind are sour.What kinds of rice are served in that restaurant?A pair of +復數名詞，看作整體，用單數謂語動詞。A pai

25、r of gloves/glasses is on the table.但是：Five pairs of gloves are on sale.3)the+最高級+of+ n.復數+單數謂語The most elaborate of all bird nests is the large, doomed communal structure built by social weaverbirds.A number of/An average of/A total of +名詞復數，用復數動詞，強調數量the number/average/total of+S詞復數，用單數動詞，強調整體.A t

26、otal of ten thousand dollars were donated last month.An average of ten thousand dollars a day are sent by this post office.The total of dollars donated last month was 100,000 dollars.The total of 10 thousand dollars donated last month was sent to theflood-stricken areas.A part of +單數名詞-單數謂語復數名詞-復數謂語

27、與止匕類似 的還有:the rest/remainder of, most of, plenty of, 分數（如 two-thirds）+of,百分數+of等等。它們的謂語動詞數依of后名詞而定，名詞是單 數，則謂語動詞為復數；名詞若是復數，謂語動詞亦為復數。A part of the apple is bad.A part of the apples are bad.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.A third of their composition has been corrected.A

28、 third of their compositions have been corrected.Three-fourth of the people are 川iterate.9.從句中的主謂一致問題（名詞從何，動名詞短語或動詞不定式短語作主語，用單數謂語動詞）1）主語從句或短語作主語，主何謂語用單數。Children interfering in their parents right to remarry has become a social problem.When I can complete it is still unclear.What I said and did is o

29、f no concern to you.2）定語從句中的主謂一致請認真比較下列例句One of those men likes to drive fast.He is the only one of those men who likes to drive fast.He is one of those men who like to drive fast.歷年真題：Mr. Well, together with all the members of his family, for Europe thisafternoon.（2004 51）D.A. are to leaveB. are le

30、avingC. is leavingleaveIt is futile to discuss the matter further, because doing to agree uponanything today. (2003 50)A. neither you nor I areB. neither you nor me isC. neither you nor I amD. neither me nor you are就近原則，在neither - nor結構中，謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，a)當there be句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。The

31、re is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.b)當eitheror與neithernor, 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的 主語保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引導，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

32、The statistics that living standards in the area have improved drastically inrecent times.(2006-62)A. provesB. is provingC. are provingD. prove52. All the Presidents Men one of the important books for historians whostudy the Watergate Scandal.A. remain B. remains C. remained D. is remainingof the tw

33、ins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All單項練習：He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for threeyears.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has beenShe is one of the few girls who in the kindergarten.A. is well paidB. are well paidC. is pa

34、ying wellD. are paying wellA library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offeredD. have offeredEither you or the headmaster the prizes to those gifted students at themeeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing out D. is to hand outNot on

35、ly I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination afteranother.A. isB. areC. amD. beThe number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent fordifferent reasons.A. were, was B. was, wasC. was, wereD. were, were-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons,to go to unive

36、rsity.So do I.A. hopeB. hopesC. hopingD. hopedof the land in that district covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is D.Two fifths; areEvery possible means to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are used C. has been used D. have bee

37、n usedWhen and where to go for the on-salary holiday yet.A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decidedWhen and where to build the new factory yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decidedJack is so poor that even five doll

38、ars a big sum to him.A. isB. areC. addD. equalPart of the books arrived.A. isB. have C. was D. hasThere in this room.A. are too many rooms B. are too much roomC. are plenty of rooms D. is plenty of roomEvery hour and every minute important.A. isB. have C. was D. willIn some markets there may be only

39、 one seller.is called a monopoly.A. Situation as this B. Such kinds of situationC. Such a situation D. A situation of soBy the time you arrive in London, we in Europe for two weeks.A. shall stay B. have stayedC. will have stayed D. have been stayingShe resorted to when she had no money to buy foods for her children.A. have stolen B. stealC. stoleD. stealingIf Tom wins tomorrow, he thirty races in the past four ye