1、. z.系統(tǒng)與局部解剖學系解-. z.Aotic orifice 主動脈口Coronary artery 冠狀動脈Coronarysinus 冠狀竇Aorta mon carotid artery 頸總動脈E*ternal carotid A頸外動脈Subclavian A鎖骨下動脈Ma*illary A 上頜動脈Superficial temporal A 顳淺動脈Vertebral A 椎動脈Internal thoracic A 胸廓動脈Superior thyroid A 甲狀腺上動脈A*illary A 腋動脈Brachial A 肱動脈Radial A 橈動脈Ulnar A 尺動脈

2、Superior(deep) palmar arch 掌淺(深)弓Thoracic aorta 胸主動脈Left gastric A 胃左動脈mon hepatic A 肝總動脈Splenic A 脾動脈Obturator A 閉孔動脈Cephalic V頭靜脈Basilica V 貴要靜脈Brachiocephalic V頭臂靜脈E*ternal iliac V 髂外靜脈Inferior vena cava 下腔靜脈Hepatic portal vein 肝門靜脈Menisci 半月板Obturator nerve 閉孔神經(jīng)Superior mesenteric artery 腸系膜上動脈H

3、ypophysis 垂體Sacral ple*us 骶叢Adductor brevis 短收肌mom peroneal nerve腓總神經(jīng)Accessory nerve 副神經(jīng)Metaphysic 干骺端Tendo calcaneus 跟腱Femoral triangle 股三角Ulnar nerve尺動脈Great saphenous vein大隱靜脈Secondary portal of live 第二肝門Gastroemius 腓腸肌Inguinal triangle 腹股溝三角Celiac trunk 腹腔干Olive 橄欖Arcuate line 弓狀線Biceps brachii

4、肱二頭肌Phrenicocolic ligament 膈結腸韌帶Cricoid arch 環(huán)狀軟骨Tendinous sheath 腱鞘Sympathic trunk 交感干Cervical ple*us 頸叢Venous valve 靜脈瓣Subcostal nerve 肋下神經(jīng)Pharyngeal tonsil 咽扁桃體Thoracic duct 胸導管Coccy* 尾骨Greater curvature of stomach 胃大彎Omental bursa 網(wǎng)膜囊Bipolar neuron 雙極神經(jīng)元striated muscle橫紋肌sinus竇pectoralis magor胸大

5、肌diaphragm膈inguinal ligament腹股溝韌帶cauda equnia馬尾medulla oblongata延髓rigeminal三叉神經(jīng)greater splanchnic nerve臟大神經(jīng)carpal canal腕管palmar aponeurosis掌腱膜 recot uterine pouch子宮直腸窩popliteal fossa腘窩costomediastinal recess肋縱隔隱窩 costodiaphragmatic recess 肋膈隱窩carotid sheath頸動脈鞘triangle of ductus arteriosus動脈導管三角corn

6、ea 角膜sclera 鞏膜iris 虹膜pupil 瞳孔choroid membrane 脈絡膜retina 視網(wǎng)膜rod cell 視桿細胞cone cell 視錐細胞lens 玻璃體sphincter pupillae 瞳孔括約肌dilator pupillae 瞳孔開大肌ciliary body 睫狀體optic disc 視神經(jīng)盤macula lutea 黃斑tympanic cavity 鼓室bony labyrinth骨迷路crista ampullaris 壺腹嵴vestibule 前庭bony semicircular canals 骨半規(guī)管cochlea耳蝸membrane

7、ous labyrinth 膜迷路macula scoustic 位覺斑cochlear duct 蝸管gray matter 灰質(zhì)white matter 白質(zhì)ganglion 神經(jīng)節(jié)cervical,thoracic,lumber,sacral nerve(ple*us) 頸胸腰骶phrenic nerve 膈神經(jīng)brachial ple*us 臂叢median nerve 正中神經(jīng)thoracodorsal nerve 胸背神經(jīng)intercostals nerves 肋間神經(jīng)subcostal nerve 肋下神經(jīng)femoral nerve 股神經(jīng)pudendal nerve 陰部神經(jīng)s

8、ciatic nerve 坐骨神經(jīng)tibial nerve 脛神經(jīng)mon peroneal nerve 腓總神經(jīng)musculocutaneous nerve 肌皮神經(jīng)a*illary nerve 腋神經(jīng)pyramid 錐體decussation of pyramid 錐體穿插olive 橄欖pons 腦橋midbrain 中腦cerebral peduncle 大腦橋inferior cerebellar peduncle 大腦下腳cranial N 腦神經(jīng)nucleus of oculomotor nerve 動眼神經(jīng)核E-W nucleus 動眼神經(jīng)副核oculomotor nerve動眼

9、神經(jīng)trochlear nerve 滑車神經(jīng)trigeminal nerve 三叉神經(jīng)ophthalmic nerve 眼神經(jīng)Ma*illary N 上頜神經(jīng)mandibular nerve 下頜神經(jīng)abducent N展神經(jīng)hypoglossal N 舌下神經(jīng)facial nerve 面神經(jīng)olfactory nerve 嗅神經(jīng)optic N 視神經(jīng)cillary ganglion 睫狀神經(jīng)節(jié)abducent nerve 展神經(jīng)hypoglossal nerve 舌下神經(jīng)vestibulocochlear N 前庭蝸神經(jīng)glossophryngeal N 舌咽神經(jīng)superior laryn

10、geal N 喉上神經(jīng)hypoglossal nerve 舌下神經(jīng)nucleus ambiguus 疑核accessory nucleus 副神經(jīng)核dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve 迷走神經(jīng)背核medial lemniscus 側(cè)丘系spinothalamic tract(lemniscus) 脊髓丘腦束corticospinal tract 皮質(zhì)脊髓束pyramidal tract 錐體束superior(inferior) salivatory nucleus 上(下)泌涎核nucleus of solitary tract 孤束核gracile nucleus薄

11、束核 fasciculus gracilis 薄束cuneate nucleus 楔束核 fasciculus cuneatus 楔束cerebellum 小腦cerebellar hemisphere 小腦半球diencephalon 間腦dorsal thalamus 背側(cè)丘腦cerebral corte* 大腦皮質(zhì)basal nuclei 基底核lateral ventricle 側(cè)腦室corpus callosum 胼胝體frontal,temporal,occipital,parietal lobe 額，顳，枕，頂葉corpus striatum 紋狀體association(mis

12、sure) fibers 聯(lián)絡(連合)纖維internal capsule 囊spinal dura mater 硬脊膜arachnoid mater 蛛網(wǎng)膜pia mater 軟腦膜cavernous sinus 海綿竇cerebral arterial circle (willis cycle)大腦動脈環(huán)spinal cord 脊髓lumbosacral enlargement 腰骶膨大conus medullaris 脊髓圓錐anterior horn (funiculus) 前角(前索)posterior horn 后角cauda equina 馬尾nucleus proprius 后

13、角固有核intermediolateral nucleus 中間外側(cè)核sacral parasympathetic nucleus 骶副交感核tongue 舌頭lingual muscle 舌肌pharyn* 咽laryn* 喉laryngeal cavity 喉腔nasopharyn* 鼻咽oropharyn* 口咽laryngopharyn* 咽喉pharyngeal recess 咽隱窩pharyngeal tensil 咽扁桃體esophagus 食管stomach 胃pancreas 胰腺pylorus 幽門cardia 賁門greater curvature of stomach

14、胃大彎superior duodenal fle*ure 十二指腸上曲ligament of Treitz，suspensory muscle of duodenum 十二指腸懸韌帶duodenum 十二指腸jejunum 空腸ileum 回腸vermiform appendi* 闌尾caecum 盲腸colon 結腸rectum 直腸pancreas 胰liver 肝porta hepatic 肝門gallbladder 膽囊fundus of gallbladder 膽囊底colot triangle 膽囊三角mon bile duct 膽總管urinary bladder 膀胱renal

15、 sinus 腎竇fissure of glottis 聲門裂trachea 氣管bronchus, bronchi 支氣管 pleura 胸膜pleural cavity 胸膜腔hilum of lung 肺門kidney 腎renal hilum 腎門renal corte* 腎實質(zhì)renal medulla 腎髓質(zhì)ureter 輸尿管 uterus 子宮trigone of bladder 膀胱三角deferent duct, ductus deferens 輸精管spermatic cord 精索male urethra 男性尿道ovary 卵巢uterine tube 輸卵管forn

16、i* of vagina 陰道穹atrium 心房ventricle 心室orifice of superior vena cava 上腔靜脈口papillary muscles 乳頭肌trabeculae carneae 肉柱oropharyn* 口咽papillae 乳頭狀突起tonsil 扁桃體angular incisure 角切跡dentate line 齒狀線conus elasticus 彈性圓錐vocal ligament 聲韌帶-. z.局解. z.頸部Carotid triangle頸動脈三角E*ternal(Internal) jugular vein頸外()靜脈mon

17、carotid artery頸總動脈Carotid sinus頸動脈竇Cervical fascia勁筋膜Vagus nerve迷走神經(jīng)Accessory nerve副神經(jīng)Muscular triangle肌三角Thyroid gland甲狀腺：Superior laryngeal nerve喉上神經(jīng)Parathyroid glands甲狀旁腺Recurrent laryngeal nerve喉返神經(jīng)Ansa cervicalis頸袢Carotid sheath頸動脈鞘Triangle of vertebral artery椎動脈三角手部Palmar aponeurosis掌腱膜Carpal

18、canal腕管Midpalmar space掌中間隙Superficial(deep) palmar arch掌淺(深)弓Thenar space魚際間隙Tendinous sheaths of fingers指腱鞘Vincula tendinum腱紐Palmar intermediate septum掌中隔Ulnar bursa尺側(cè)囊Radial bursa橈側(cè)囊腋窩、臂前區(qū)及前臂前區(qū)a*illary fossa腋窩musculocutaneous nerve肌皮神經(jīng)a*illary lymph nodes腋淋巴結clavipectoral fascia鎖胸筋膜trilateral fora

19、man三邊孔quadrilateral foraman四邊孔median nerve正中神經(jīng)ulnar nerve尺神經(jīng)radial nerve橈神經(jīng)thoracodorsal nerve胸背神經(jīng)cubital fossa肘窩popliteal fossa 腘窩long thoracic nerve胸長神經(jīng)cephalic vein頭靜脈basilic vein貴要靜脈median cubital vein肘正中靜脈median antebrachial vein前臂正中靜脈brachial artery肱動脈deep brachial artery肱深動脈臂后區(qū)、前臂后區(qū)及手背Humerom

20、uscular tunnel肱骨肌管Dorsal venous rete of hand手背靜脈網(wǎng)E*tensor retinaculum伸肌支持帶下肢Superior (inferior) gluteal nerve臀上(下)神經(jīng)Sciatic nerve坐骨神經(jīng)Internal pudendal artery陰部動脈Lesser sciatic foramen坐骨小孔Great saphenous vein大隱靜脈Fascia lata闊筋膜Iliotibial tract髂脛束Saphenous hiatus隱靜脈裂孔Lacuna musculorum肌腔隙Lacuna vasorum血

21、管腔隙femoral triangle股三角femoral sheath股鞘Femoral canal股管Adductor canal(Hunter canal)收肌管Adductor tendinous opening收肌腱裂孔Obturator artery閉孔動脈Popliteal fossa腘窩Tibial nerve脛神經(jīng)mon peroneal (fibular) nerve腓總神經(jīng)Superficial (deep) peroneal nerve腓淺(深)神經(jīng)saphenous nerve隱神經(jīng)anterior (posterior) tibial artery脛前(后)動脈ma

22、lleolar canal踝管胸部Root of lung肺根costodiaphragmatic resess肋膈隱窩Cupula of pleura胸膜頂：Superior mediastinum上縱隔Azygos vein奇靜脈Superior vena cava上腔靜脈Aortic arch主動脈弓Arterial ligament動脈韌帶Triangle of ductus arteriosus動脈導管三角Greater (Lesser) splanchnic nerve臟大(小)神經(jīng)thoracic duct 胸導管結腸下區(qū)hepatic porta vein肝門靜脈suspens

23、ory muscle of duodenum十二指腸懸韌帶major duodenal papilla 十二指腸大乳頭hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壺腹superior (inferior) mesenteric artery腸系膜上(下)動脈ileocecal valve回盲瓣radi* of mesentery小腸系膜根vermiform appendi*闌尾colic marginal artery邊緣動脈腹膜后間隙renal pedicle腎蒂ureter輸尿管renal hilum腎門renal fascia腎筋膜abdominal aorta腹主動脈infer

24、ior vena cava下腔靜脈lumbar sympathetic trunk腰交感干cisterna chyli乳糜池腹前外側(cè)壁parietal peritoneum壁腹膜sheath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘obliquus e*ternus abdominis腹外斜肌superficial (deep) inguinal ring腹股溝淺(深)環(huán)inferior epigastric artery腹壁下動脈inguinal triangle腹股溝三角transverse fascia腹橫筋膜結腸上區(qū)hepatic pedicle肝蒂greater (lessor

25、) omentum大(小)網(wǎng)膜mon bile duct膽總管calot triangle卡洛三角，膽囊三角hepatoduodenal ligament肝十二指腸韌帶left gastric artery胃左動脈subphrenic space膈下間隙porta hepatis肝門celiac trunk腹腔干-. z.組織胚胎學-. z.Histology 組織學Embryology 胚胎學Teratology 畸形學Staining 染色Hemato*ylin 木精Eosin 伊紅Section 切片Smear 涂片Tissueculture 組織培養(yǎng)Electron microscop

26、e 電子顯微鏡Intercellular substance 細胞間質(zhì)Basophilia 嗜堿Acidopilia 嗜酸Epithelial tissue 上皮組織Endothelium 皮Mesothelium 間皮Microvilli 微絨毛Cilia纖毛Basement membrane 基膜Desmosome 橋粒Glandular epithelium 腺上皮Squamous/columnar epithelium 扁平/柱狀上皮Loose(dense) connective tissue 疏松(致密)結締組織Collagenous fiber 膠原纖維Elastic fiber

27、彈性纖維Reticular fiber 網(wǎng)狀纖維Fibroblast 成纖維細胞Fibrocyte 纖維細胞Macrophage 巨噬細胞Plasma cell 漿細胞Adipose tissue 脂肪組織Ground substance 基質(zhì)Mesenchyme 間充質(zhì)Histamine 組胺Leukotriene 白三烯Proteoglycan 蛋白多糖Glycoprotein 糖蛋白Cartilage軟骨Chondrocyte 軟骨細胞Perichondrium 軟骨膜Osseous tissue 骨組織Osteocyte 骨細胞Osteon 骨單位Osteoblast 成骨細胞Oste

28、oclast 破骨細胞Ossification 骨化Serum 血清Erythrocyte 紅細胞Hemolysis 溶血Reticulocyte 網(wǎng)織紅細胞Leukocyte 白細胞Neutrophilic granulocyte 中性粒細胞Eosinophilic granulocyte 嗜酸性粒細胞Basophilic granulocyte 嗜堿性粒細胞Monocyte 單核細胞Lymphocyte 淋巴細胞Blood platelet 血小板Hemopoietic stem cell 造血干細胞Skeletal muscle 骨骼肌Cardiac muscle 心肌Smooth mu

29、scle 平滑肌Myofibril 肌原纖維Intercalated disk 閏盤Sarere 肌節(jié)Sarcoplasm 肌質(zhì)Thick(thin) myofilament 粗(細)肌絲Terminal cisterna終池Lipofuscin 脂褐素Dendrite 樹突A*on 軸突Dendritic spine 樹突棘Synapse 突觸Astrocyte 星形膠質(zhì)細胞Oilgodendrocyte 少突膠質(zhì)細胞Microglia 小膠質(zhì)細胞Myelin sheath 髓鞘Myelinated(unmyelinated) nerve fibe 有(無)髓神經(jīng)纖維Tactile corp

30、uscle 觸覺小體Ganglion 神經(jīng)節(jié)Nissl body尼氏體Neurofibril神經(jīng)原纖維Neuroglia 神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)Free nerve ending 游離神經(jīng)末梢Motor end plate 運動終板Epidermis 表皮Dermis 真皮Hypodermis 皮下組織Sebaceous gland 皮脂腺Capillary 毛細血管Sinusoid 血竇Arteriole 微動脈Endocardium 心膜Myocardium 心肌膜Epicardium 心外膜Cardiac valve 心瓣膜Bone-marrow dependent lymphocyte 骨髓依賴淋巴

31、細胞lymphoid nodule 淋巴小結paracortical zone 副皮質(zhì)區(qū)white pulp 白髓blood-thymus barrier 血-胸腺屏障periarterial lymphatic sheath 動脈周圍淋巴鞘mononuclear phagocytic system 單核吞噬細胞系統(tǒng)mucous membrane 粘膜submucosa 粘膜下層tunica muscularis 肌層adventitia 外膜gastric gland 胃底腺parietal cell (o*yntic cell) 壁細胞(鹽酸細胞)mucous-HCO3- barrier

32、黏液-碳酸氫鹽屏障absorptive cell 吸收細胞goblet cell 杯狀細胞serous alveoli 漿液性腺泡small intestinal gland 小腸腺pancreatic islet 胰島hepatic sinusoid 肝血竇perisinusoidal space 竇周隙liver lobule 肝小葉bronchiole 細支氣管terminal bronchiole 終末細支氣管respiratory bronchiole 呼吸性細支氣管pulmonary alveoli 肺泡blood-air barrier 氣血屏障alveolar septum 肺

33、泡隔renal corpuscle 腎小體glomerulus 血管球filtration barrier 濾過屏障podocyte 足細胞ju*taglomerular ple* 球旁復合體macula densa 致密斑nephron 腎單位pro*imal(distal) tubule 近(遠)端小管thin segment 細段zona glomerulosa 球狀帶zona fasciculate 束狀帶zona reticularis 網(wǎng)狀帶hypophysis 腦垂體 hypothalamus 下丘腦adenohypophysis 腺垂體neurohypophysis 神經(jīng)垂體s

34、permatogenesis 精子發(fā)生sustentacular cell 支持細胞spermatogenic cell 生精細胞spermatozoa 精子blood-testis barrier 血睪屏障primary follicle 初級卵泡secondary follicle 次級卵泡ovulation 排卵menstrual cycle月經(jīng)周期corpus luteum 黃體fertilization 受精cleavage 卵裂blastocyst 胚泡implantation 植入endoderm 胚層mesoderm 中胚層ectoderm 外胚層embryonic disk

35、胚盤yolk sac 卵黃囊neural tube 神經(jīng)管fetal membrane 胎膜decidua 蛻膜amnion 羊膜umbilical cord 臍帶chorion 絨毛膜placental barrier 胎盤屏障congenital umbilical hernia 先天性臍疝cleft lip 唇裂foramen ovale 卵圓孔tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四聯(lián)癥atrial septal defect 房間隔缺損-. z.生理學-. z.Plasma membrane 質(zhì)膜Biomembrane 生物膜Simple diffusion 單純擴散Facil

36、itated diffusion 易化擴散Facilitated diffusion via carrier 經(jīng)載體的易化擴散Facilitated diffusion through ion channel 經(jīng)通道的易化擴散primary active transport原發(fā)性主動轉(zhuǎn)運secondary active transport繼發(fā)性主動轉(zhuǎn)運cotransport 聯(lián)合轉(zhuǎn)運Passive transport 被動轉(zhuǎn)運antiport逆向轉(zhuǎn)運symport同向轉(zhuǎn)運ion pump 離子泵sodium-potassium pump 鈉鉀泵calcium pump 鈣泵e*ocytosis

37、 出胞endocytosis 入胞trasmembrane signal transduction 跨膜信號轉(zhuǎn)導trasmembrane signaling 跨膜信號傳遞second messenger第二信使Resting potential 靜息電位Hyperpolarization 超極化 depolarization去極化overshoot 超射repolarization 復極化equilibrium potential 平衡電位K+ leak channel 鉀漏通道Electrotonic potential 電緊電位Action potential 動作電位Spike pote

38、ntial 峰電位After-potential 后電位After depolarization 后去極化Threshold intensity 閾強度All-or-none 全或無Inward (outward) current (外)向電流Threshold potential 閾電位Local e*citation 局部興奮saltatory conduction跳躍式傳導threshold stimulus 閾刺激e*citability 興奮性close 關閉activation 激活inactivation 失活e*citable cell 可興奮細胞absolute refrac

39、tory period絕對不應期relative refractory period相對不應期effective refractory period 有效不應期supranormal period 超常期subnormal period 低常期acetylcholine,Ach乙酰膽堿neuromuscular junction 神經(jīng)-肌接頭endplate potential終板電位Sarere 肌節(jié)Myofilament sliding theory 肌絲滑行理論E*citation-contraction coupling 興奮-收縮耦聯(lián)Calcium-induced Ca2+ rele

40、ase 鈣觸發(fā)鈣釋放Isometric contraction 等長收縮Isotonic contraction 等收縮preload前負荷initial length初長度optimal length 最適初長度Afterload 后負荷retanus強直收縮Inplete tetanus 不完全強直收縮plete tetanus完全性強直收縮twitch 單收縮contractility收縮能力或收縮性conductivity 傳導性sinus rhythm 竇性節(jié)律inward rectifier K+ channel 向整流鉀通道fast (slow) response action

41、potential 快(慢)反響動作電位action potential duration,APD 動作電位時程transient outward current 瞬時外向離子流plateau 平臺autorhythmic cell 自律細胞diastolic depolarization 舒去極化pacemaker current 起搏電流resting 備用(靜息)activation 激活inactivation 失活effective refractory period 有效不應期premature systole 期前收縮e*trasystole 期外收縮pensatory paus

42、e 代償間歇autorhythmicity 自動節(jié)律性cardiac arrthythmia 心律失常sinus rhythm 竇性心律dominant pacemaker 主導起搏點latent pacemaker 潛在起搏點capture 搶先占領overdrive suppression 超速驅(qū)動壓抑conductivity 傳導性preferential pathway 優(yōu)勢傳導通路functional syncytium 功能合胞體electrocardiogram ECG心電圖atrioventricular delay 房室延擱gap junction 縫隙連接cardiac c

43、ycle 心動周期systole 收縮期diastole 舒期isovolumic contraction phase 等容收縮期atrial systole 心房收縮期ventricular systole 心室收縮期rapid ejection phase 快速射血期reduced ejection phase 減慢射血期isovolumic rela*ation phase 等容舒期rapid filling phase 快速充盈期reduced filling phase 減慢充盈期heart sound 心音stroke volume 每搏輸出量，輸出量ejection fracti

44、on 射血分數(shù)minute volume 每分輸出量cardiac output 心輸出量cardiac inde* 心指數(shù)stroke work 每搏功，博功minute work 每分功cardiac efficiency 心臟的效率cardiac reserve 心力儲藏inotropic state 變力狀態(tài)homometric regulation 等長調(diào)節(jié)heterometric autoregulation 異長自身調(diào)節(jié)windkessel vessel 彈性貯器血管precapillary (postcapillary) resistance vessel 毛細血管前(后)阻力

45、血管blood flow 血流量resistance of blood flow 血流阻力blood pressure 血壓mean circulatory filling pressure 循環(huán)系統(tǒng)平均充盈壓peripheral resistance 外周阻力systolic pressure 收縮壓diastolic pressure 舒壓pulse pressure 脈(搏)壓mean arterial pressure 平均動脈壓 arterial pulse 動脈脈搏central(peripheral) venous pressure 中心(外周)靜脈壓venous return

46、靜脈回心血量microcirculation 微循環(huán)interstitial fluid 組織液effective filtration pressure 有效濾過壓edema 水腫lymph 淋巴液positive chronotropic action 正性變時作用positive dromotropic action 正性變傳導作用positive(negative) inotropic action 正(負)性變力作用tonus 緊cardiac vagal(sympathetic) tone 心迷走(交感)緊sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone 交感縮血管

47、緊cardiovascular center 心血管中樞cardiovascular refle* 心血管反射barorecepter refle* 壓力感受性反射depressor refle* 降(減)壓反射resetting 重調(diào)定set point 調(diào)定點arterial baroreceptor 動脈壓力感受器cardiopulmonary receptor 心肺感受器chemoreceptor 化學感受器integration pattern 整合型式rennin-angiotensin system 腎素-血管緊素系統(tǒng)adrenaline 腎上腺素noradrenaline 去甲

48、腎上腺素vasopressin VP血管升壓素antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素kallikrein-kinin system 激肽釋放酶-激肽系統(tǒng)atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP心房鈉尿肽coronary circulation 冠脈循環(huán)pulmonary circulation 肺循環(huán)respiratory waves of blood pressure 動脈血壓的呼吸波hypo*ic pulmonary vasoconstriction 低氧性肺血管收縮反響cerebral circulation 腦循環(huán)blood-cerebrospinal

49、 fluid barrier 血-腦脊液屏障blood-brain barrier 血-腦屏障autoregulation of renal blood flow 腎血流量的自身調(diào)節(jié)tubulo-glomerular feedback,TGF管球反響glomerular filtration rate,GFR腎小球濾過率renal plasma flow,RPF腎血漿流量effective filtration pressure 有效濾過率filtration membrane 濾過膜filtration equilibrium 濾過平衡filtration coefficient Kf濾過系

50、數(shù)reabsorption 重吸收aquaporin AQP水孔蛋白renal glucose threshold 腎糖閾secretion 分泌intercalateal cell 閏細胞principal cell 主細胞urea recycling 尿素再循環(huán)clearance 去除率renal blood flow RBF腎血流量ju*taglomerular apparatus 球旁器constant fractional reabsorption 定比重吸收glomerulotubular balance 球管平衡osmotic diuresis 滲透性利尿water diures

51、is 水利尿renorenal refle* 腎-腎反射micturtion refle* 排尿反射scotopic vision 晚光決,暗視覺photopic vision 晝光覺,明視覺dark current 暗電流reduced eye 簡化眼near refle* of pupil 瞳孔近反射pupillaryacmodation refle* 瞳孔調(diào)節(jié)反射pupillary light refle* 瞳孔對光反射consensual light refle* 互感性對光反射convergence 會聚convergence refle* 輻輳反射error of refracti

52、on 屈光不正myopia 近視hyperopia 遠視astigmatism 散光visual acuity 視敏度,視力,視銳度visual field 視野dark adaptation 暗適應light adaptation 明適應hearing threshold 聽閾air(bone) conduction 氣(骨)傳導traveling wavve 行波endocochlear potential EP耳蝸電位endolymphatic potential 淋巴電位cochlear microphonic potential 耳蝸微音器電位hair cell 毛細胞vestibu

53、lar autonomic reaction 前庭自主神經(jīng)反射nystagmus 眼震顫taste bud 味蕾a*oplasmic transport 軸漿運輸trophic action 營養(yǎng)性作用synapse 突觸mobilization 發(fā)動trafficking 擺渡targeting 停靠docking 著位fusion 融合e*ocytosis 出胞postsynapse potential 突觸后電位e*citatory (inhibitory)postsynapse potential,EPSP(IPSP)興奮性(抑制)性性突觸后電位neurotransmitter 神經(jīng)遞

54、質(zhì)central facilitation 中樞易化presynaptic inhibition 突觸前抑制afferent collateral inhibition 傳入側(cè)支性抑制recurrent inhibition 回返性抑制referred pain 牽涉痛postsynaptic (presynaptic) inhibion(facilitation) 突觸后(前)抑制(易化)posttetanic potentiation 強直后增強habituation 習慣化sensitization 敏感化long-term potentiation,LTP長時程增強synaptic p

55、lasticity 突觸的可塑性plasticity of synaptic transmission 突觸傳遞的可塑性long-term depression,LTD長時程壓抑varicosity 曲體non-synaptic chemical transmission 非突觸性化學傳遞neurotransmitter 神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)neuromodulator 神經(jīng)調(diào)度neurotransmitter coe*istence遞質(zhì)共存reuptake 重攝取ionotropic receptor 促離子型受體metabotropic receptor 促代型受體presynaptic recept

56、or 突觸前受體acetylcholine Ach乙酰膽堿cholinergic receptor 膽堿能受體norepinephrine,NE/noradrenaline,NA 去甲腎上腺素epinephrine,adrenaline 腎上腺素dopamine DA多巴胺serotonin/5-hydro*ytryptamine,5-HT 5-羥色胺neuropeptide 神經(jīng)肽brain-gut peptide 腦-腸肽unconditioned refle* 非條件反射conditioned refle* 條件反射local circuit neurons 局部回路神經(jīng)元local n

57、euronal circuit 局部神經(jīng)元回路divergent connection 輻散式聯(lián)系convergent connection 聚合式聯(lián)系feeeback regulation 反響調(diào)節(jié)final mon path 最后通路motor unit 運動單位stretch refle* 牽反射tendon refle* 腱反射(phasic strech refle* 位相性牽反射)muscle tonus 肌緊(tonic stretch refle* 緊性牽反射)knee jerk 膝反射monosynaptic refle*單突觸反射polysynaptic refle* 多突

58、觸反射tendon organ 腱器官muscle spindle 肌梭spinal shock 脊休克postural refle* 姿勢反射fle*or refle* 屈肌反射crossed e*tensor refle* 對側(cè)伸肌反射intersegmental refle* 節(jié)間反射decerebrate rigidity 去大腦僵直inhibitory area 抑制區(qū)facilitatory area 易化區(qū)attitudinal refle* 狀態(tài)反射righting refle* 翻正反射basal ganglia 基底神經(jīng)節(jié)direct pathway 直接通路indirec

59、t pathway 間接通路Parkinsons disease 帕金森病(paralysis agitans 震顫麻痹)static tremor 靜止性震顫Huntingtongs disease 亨廷頓病(chorea 舞蹈病)athetosis 手足徐動癥intention tremor 意向性震顫adiadochokinesia 輪替運動不能cerebellar ata*ia 小腦性共濟失調(diào)visceral nervous system 臟神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)autonomic nervous system 自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)preganglionic fiber 節(jié)前纖維parasympatheti

60、c nerve 副交感神經(jīng)hypothalamus 下丘腦osmoreceptor 滲透壓感受器hypothalamic regulatory peptide 下丘腦調(diào)節(jié)肽bio rhythm 生物節(jié)律circadian rhythm 日節(jié)律limbic system 邊緣系統(tǒng)instinctual behavior 本能行為feeding center 攝食中樞satiety center 飽中樞emotion 情緒fear 恐懼rage 發(fā)怒defense reaction 防御反響fight-flight reaction 搏斗-防御反響blood volume 血量specific g