1、李氏桿菌病(轉(zhuǎn)圈病)Listeriosis (Circling Disease)韓特博士編輯Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt王雅春博士翻譯Translated by Dr. Yachun 病因/發(fā)病機(jī)理 Cause & Pathogenesis產(chǎn)單核細(xì)胞李氏桿菌Listeria monocytogenes土壤、青貯或糞便中的革蘭氏陽性桿菌Gram-positive rod present in soil, silage & feces與公眾健康有關(guān)Public Health Concern 來源于牛奶或其它分泌物 From milk or other secretions

2、 流產(chǎn)、腦膜炎和敗血癥Abortion, meningitis & septicemia經(jīng)常與飼喂青貯有關(guān)（其菌發(fā)酵不良的草或玉米青貯中擴(kuò)增）Often associated with silage feeding (will proliferate in poorly fermented grass or corn silage)感染可發(fā)生于包括人類的所有物種，但在反芻動(dòng)物中更為普遍Infection can occur in all species including man but more common in ruminants傳播途徑是通過采食過程（敗血癥和流產(chǎn)）以及以腦炎的形式口腔

3、傳染（三叉神經(jīng)）Transmission is by oral ingestion (septicemia & abortion) and oral infection with encephalitic form (trigeminal nerve)成年牛中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)最常見的細(xì)菌感染微膿腫Most common bacterial infection of the CNS in adult cattle micro-abscesses危險(xiǎn)因素Risk Factors腐敗的青貯Spoiled silage臨床癥狀Clinical Findings腦炎形式Encephalitic form體溫升

4、高，厭食和消沉Elevated temperature, anorexia and depression運(yùn)動(dòng)失調(diào)，步伐蹣跚，膝關(guān)節(jié)彎曲Incoordination, stumbling gait, knuckling 轉(zhuǎn)圈，頭偏或傾斜而且運(yùn)動(dòng)失調(diào)Circling, head deviation or tilt and ataxia一面臉部麻痹（耳朵，眼瞼和/或嘴唇下垂）Unilateral facial paralysis (ear, eyelid and/or lip droop)眼球震顫，全眼球炎而且斜視Nystagmus, panophthalmitis and strabismus 吞

5、咽苦難流口水，舌頭麻木和流涎不止Problems with swallowing drooling, tongue paralysis & excessive salivation病情進(jìn)一步惡化，在12周內(nèi)死于呼吸困難Progresses and die of respiratory failure in 1-2 weeks流產(chǎn)Abortion偶爾發(fā)生Sporadic通常在妊娠的最后三個(gè)月胎衣不下，子宮炎而且發(fā)燒Usually in last trimester retained placenta, metritis & fever敗血癥Septicemia 新生幼畜Neonates消沉，發(fā)燒

6、，痢疾和虛弱Depression, fever, diarrhea & weakness逐漸發(fā)展成側(cè)臥，角弓反張，角膜渾濁而后12小時(shí)內(nèi)死亡Progresses to lateral recumbency, opisthotonus, corneal opacity and death in 12 hours乳房炎Mastitis 四分之一乳區(qū)發(fā)病，慢性的而且治療無效Single quarter, chronic & unresponsive to treatment診斷Diagnosis繼往病史，臨床癥狀，CSF敲擊以及死后剖檢結(jié)果History, clinical signs, CSF t

7、ap and post mortem results鑒別診斷Differential Diagnosis腦干膿腫Brain stem abscesses狂犬病Rabies中耳炎Inner ear infection血栓栓塞性腦膜腦炎或昏睡嗜血桿菌病ITEME腦灰質(zhì)軟化癥Polioencephalomalacia鉛中毒Lead poisoning實(shí)驗(yàn)室和病理學(xué)診斷Laboratory and PathologyCSF炎癥細(xì)胞眾多的渾濁液體CSF cloudy fluid with high # inflammatory cells死后腦部有微膿腫Post-mortemmicro-abscesse

8、s in brain肝臟、脾臟和心肌中有壞死的病灶敗血癥Necrotic foci in liver, spleen heart and myocardium - septicemia治療Treatment如果已經(jīng)有臨床癥狀，醫(yī)治無效Point less if clinical signs改變?nèi)占ZChange feed土霉素IV，10毫克/kg體重，治療5天Oxytetracycline IV 10 mg/kg for 5 days青霉素IM，44,000 IU/kg體重/天， 治療7天Penicillin IM 44,000 IU/kg/day for 7 days精心照料Nursing care預(yù)后情況Prognosis如果已出現(xiàn)臨床癥狀，預(yù)后不良Poor