1、Unit 3 Beauty Image Cosmetic or Aesthetic SurgeryAesthetic Surgery involves techniques intended for the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques, and is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward s

2、ome aesthetic ideal.In 2006, nearly 11 million cosmetic surgeries were performed in the United States alone. The number of cosmetics procedures performed in the United States has increased over 50 percent since the start of the century. Nearly 12 million cosmetic surgeries were performed in 2007, wi

3、th the five most common being breast augmentation, liposuction, nasal surgery, eyelid surgery and abdominoplasty. The increased use of cosmetic surgery crosses racial and ethnic lines in the U.S., with increases seen among African-Americans and Hispanic Americans as well as Caucasian Americans. In E

4、urope, the second largest market for cosmetic procedures, cosmetic surgery is a $2.2 billion business.The most prevalent aesthetic/cosmetic procedures are listed below. Most of these types of surgery are more commonly known by their common names. These are also listed when pertinent.Abdominoplasty (

5、or tummy tuck): reshaping and firming of the abdomen Blepharoplasty (or eyelid surgery): Reshaping of the eyelids or the application of permanent eyeliner, including Asian blepharoplasty Mammoplasty Breast augmentation (breast enlargement or boob job): Augmentation of the breasts. This can involve e

6、ither fat grafting, saline or silicone gel prosthetics. Initially performed to women with micromastia Breast reduction: Removal of skin and glandular tissue. Indicated to reduce back and shoulder pain in women with gigantomastia and/or for psychological benefit in women with gigantomastia/macromasti

7、a and men with gynecomastia. Breast lift (Mastopexy): Lifting or reshaping of breasts to make them less saggy, often after weight loss (after a pregnancy, for example). It involves removal of breast skin as opposed to glandular tissue or scarless Serdev suture technique Buttock Augmentation (or butt

8、 augmentation or butt implants): Enhancement of the buttocks. This procedure can be performed by using silicone implants or fat grafting and transfer from other areas of the body. Buttock lift (or butt lift or brazilian butt lift): Lifting, projection, tightening of the buttocks. This procedure can

9、be performed by using the scarless Serdev suture technique without implants. 10 Chemical peel: Minimizing the appearance of acne, pock, and other scars as well as wrinkles (depending on concentration and type of agent used, except for deep furrows), solar lentigines (age spots, freckles), and photod

10、amage in general. Chemical peels commonly involve carbolic acid (Phenol), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), glycolic acid (AHA), or salicylic acid (BHA) as the active agent. Rhinoplasty (or nose job): Reshaping of the nose Otoplasty (or ear surgery): Reshaping of the ear. Most often done by pinning the ea

11、r closer to the head. Rhytidectomy (or face lift): Removal of wrinkles and signs of aging from the face Suction-Assisted Lipectomy (or liposuction): Removal of fat from the body Brow lift: higher brow position by surgical or scarless Serdev suture Chin augmentation: Augmentation of the chin with an

12、implant (e.g. silicone), by sliding genioplasty of the jawbone, or by suture of the soft tissue. Cheek augmentation by suture Serdev suture Cheek lift/Midface lift using scarless suture technique. Collagen, fat, and other tissue filler injections (e.g. hyaluronic acid) Laser skin resurfacingReading

13、1 1. Why do you think the youths are concerned about the appearance? 2. What is beauty? Is there a standard to evaluate it? 3. Why does the author think the sense of insecurity about look is a common phenomenon? 4. Where do the pressures that make people worry about appearance come from? 5. Whats au

14、thors attitude towards the exaggerated concern about body image? 6. How would you describe your own looks using appropriate words in this text?7. Do you think it is easier for better-looking people to receive better job?understandingReading 1 Para. 1“eyes that previously looked large may appear smal

15、ler because theyve remained the same size while the other features have grown.”Eyes normally dont grow as much as other features so they may appear smaller when people grow up.Language ExplanationTexture: 1. the way a surface, substance or fabric feels when you touch it, for example, how rough, smoo

16、th, hard or soft it is 2. the way food or drink tastes or feels in your mouth, for example, whether it is rough, smooth, light, heavy, etc. 3. the way that different parts of a piece of music or literature are combined to create a final impressionSpot: 1. a small round area that has a different colo

17、ur or feels different from the surface it is on2. a small mark or lump on a persons skin, sometimes with a yellow head to itPara. 2“You only have to look at those around you to realize that people are attracted by every possible physical type.”If you look at those around you, you can easily find tha

18、t people have a wide variety of tastes on physical types.Guess the meaning of “slanting” from “l(fā)arge” and “round”, “inscrutable” from “l(fā)ustrous”Guess the meaning of “sloping” from “square”From the comparison, we find many pairs of antonymsNeat: small, with a pleasing shape or appearancePara. 3“Girls

19、 who are tall usually long to be dainty and small, and vice versa.”Long: be eager toDainty: (guess from the meaning of “small”) of people and things small and delicate in a way that people find attractive 嬌小的；嬌美的；精致的；小巧的Vice versa: used to say that the opposite of what you have just said is also tru

20、ee.g. women may bring their husbands with them, and vice versa(means that men may also bring their wives with them)Para. 4“Youre being conditioned into feeling as you do” (the cue lies in the following sentence)You dont automatically feel that image is so important but are influenced by the ambient

21、pressures.Bombard you with warnings about: offer you a great deal of warnings aboutBad breath: unpleasant smelling breath“Your parents may become involved in this process too, by encouraging you to think about your appearance.”Your parents may encourage you to pay attention to appearance. This behav

22、ior also increases the pressure on you which makes you be more anxious about your looks.Para. 5“The way you see yourself in your minds eye may not even be accurate.”What are you like in your own imagination may not be correct.Even: used to introduce a more exact description of sb/sth“For instance to

23、tal appearance” What are the two instances going to illustrate?The instances intend to indicate that people tend to focus too much on their defects in appearance and neglect judging from the totality.“It would be foolish to suggest that looks dont matter at all, but everyone knows people with all ki

24、nds of beauty handicaps a squint, bad skin, or a large nose who nonetheless have easy, loving relationships.”people with all kinds of beauty handicaps:people having different types of defects in looksWhole: We should admit that looks are important. However, we know that some people who have defects

25、in looks - a squint, bad, skin, or a large nose - do have easy and loving relationships.Whats your understanding of “self-acceptance”? (From the following sentences)Dont always be fussy about the defects in your looks and compare yourself with people around you. Accept what you have and make the bes

26、t of yourself.The main idea of Para. 5People should not focus too much on their defects in looks but make the best of themselves.Reading 21.Who were the subjects of the Deakin University study by Ms. Thomas?2. What were the findings of the previous Deaking study?3.How did Dr. Coventry comment on Ms.

27、 Thomass study?4. According to Ms. Thomas, what should children be taught about their bodies? 5. How did Dr. Foulkes feel at the result of the recent study? understandingReading 2Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric illness that describes an eating disorder characterized by extremely low body weight an

28、d body image distortion with an obsessive fear of gaining weight. Individuals with anorexia nervosa are known to control body weight commonly through the means of voluntary starvation, excessive exercise, or other weight control measures such as diet pills or diuretic (利尿的) drugs. While the conditio

29、n primarily affects adolescent females, approximately 10% of people with the diagnosis are male. Anorexia nervosa, involving neurobiological, psychological, and sociological components, is a complex condition that can lead to death in the most severe cases.Q1: Which gender is more prone to suffer fr

30、om anorexia nervosa?Q2: How many disciplines (學(xué)科) are involved in this illness?InformationReading 2 Title: weigh heavily on: to make sb very anxious or worried同時(shí)weigh heavily on又和fat呼應(yīng)Para. 1“Almost as many boys reported dieting as girls and many of the children surveyed”Almost as many boys as girls

31、 who were dieting as reported and many of the children who were surveyedPara. 2 have describe the findings as highly alarmingDescribe/consider/ sth. as + adj. e.g. describe you as enthusiastic Alarming: causing worry and fearWhole: were shocked by the findingsLanguage ExplanationPara. 3“Dietary beha

32、vior is one of the main factors predisposing a person to eating disorders”Peoples behavior about diet is one of the most important factors that probably makes them suffer from eating disorders.Para. 4Anorexia nervosa:(guess from the former appositive 同位語)A form of the potentially fatal slimming diso

33、rderFatal: causing or ending in deathPara. 5 honours student: a student recognized for achieving high grades or high marks in their course workPara. 7 minor concerns: slight worries though most part of the issue goes wellPara. 8 on the top half (of the leg): thighPara. 12 purge: to throw up the food

34、 / to vomitExtended meaning: to make yourself/sb/sth pure, healthy or clean by getting rid of bad thoughts or feelingse.g. How can I purge this shame from my heart?我怎么能從心頭除去這一恥辱？Catholics go to confession to be purged of sin / purge ( away ) their sin / purge their souls of sin天主教徒透過告解以獲得赦罪凈化靈魂P(guān)ara.

35、 14“At risk of developing an eating disorder”In danger of getting eating disorderPara. 17Worrying: that makes you worryV+ing: adj. that makes sbingV+ed: adj. ing形式表示事物本身性質(zhì)(客觀性),ed形式表示人的感受(主觀性)e.g. surprising v.s. surprisedexciting v.s. excitedterrifying v.s. terrifiedPara. 19Onset: the beginning of

36、sth, especially sth unpleasantEarly onset: medicine the symptom occurs at an early agePara. 22“One-in-four children chose ideal body figures thinner than their perceived actual body.”O(jiān)ne fourths of the children chose the ideal body figures in their minds which were thinner than their own figures not

37、iced by others.Para. 26Why did Thomas give us such an example of the kids response?The kids are seriously influenced by the adults at home. The environment in which fat is scared of made the kids learn more about this issue unconsciously.Para. 28When: althoughe.g. They kept trying when they must hav

38、e known it was hopeless.Para. 30“Its an indictment on all of us.”All of us in the eating disorder program should be blamed because we form such bad social climate that lead to childrens worry on this issue at an early age.Reading 31.Whats the direct reason for the author to decide to lose weight? 2.

39、 Why did the author get so angry when her father asked her to eat the steak? 3. What made the author realize she had problem? understandingReading 3Para. 1-4 The compliment from people around made the author decide to lose more weight and thats the start of her anorexia.Para. 5-10 The authors mental

40、 state become distorted when the weight losing cant satisfy her any more even she was very thin already.Para. 11-14 The author reflected upon herself after realizing she was hurting people she loved and came to a conclusion that she couldnt let the disease control her life.Para. 15 Now the author is

41、 on the way of recovery and she begins to feel much better.StructureReading 3 Straight-A student: (guess from para.12)the student who got A in all the subjects“Very together” teenager:well organized and confident teenagerLanguage ExplanationPara. 2“It all started innocently enough”: It started uncon

42、sciously.1磅=0.453599公斤=0.907198斤Stand to: used especially with can/could to say that sb/sth can survive sth or can tolerate sth without being hurt or damaged （尤與 can 或 could 連用）經(jīng)受，承受，經(jīng)得起Para. 3Coke-and-chips marathon: the restless eating of coke and chipsPara. 4“I was raised with the message that th

43、ere is always room for improvement, so I figured if five pounds gets this much notice, just think what 10 will do!”In my process of growth, I was educated that there is always room for improvement. I lost five pounds and got so much notice, why dont I try to lose 10!“I figure that was the moment I t

44、ook off down the road to anorexia.”I think that was start of my getting closer to anorexia.Para. 7“Instead of seeing the logical conclusion, which was that I was taking this too far, I started feeling that I was failing and needed to try harder.”The logical conclusion of no more compliment is that I

45、 did it beyond reasonable limits, but I hadnt realize it and thought that I should try harder to lose more weight.Para. 8Belittle: be- is the prefix which means to make or treat sb/sth as / to cause sth to bee.g. bewilder / beguile 欺騙 / belie 掩蓋，造成假象“The truth is, all happiness had long ago slipped

46、away, and my whole being was devoted to the moments of success that I felt when I lost another pound.”The truth is: but I didnt control myselfWhole: All happiness had left me long ago, and what I pursuit is only the delight achieved from losing weight.Para. 9“It was there, just not able to talk loud

47、er than my illness.”The sense of doing wrong did exist, but it was so weak in the face of anorexia.Para. 10Put them off: to make excuses to them in order to avoid a duty. 搪塞Para. 11“He would not take no for an answer.”He didnt allow me to say no.“This thing sitting on my plate had become my worst en

48、emy.”personification“Those words pushed a button in me and I no longer cared about him or his feelings.”My fathers sayings elicit the anger in me and I go insane without the consideration of his feelings.Para. 15Now that: since, as long asReading 4How did Sophie in a size 14 become a supermodel? Wha

49、t feature of Sophie makes biggest impression on the model agency? What was Sophie required to be like after she became a model? understandingReading 4Vogue is a fashion and lifestyle magazine published in eighteen countries by Cond Nast Publications. Each month, Vogue publishes a magazine addressing

50、 topics of fashion, life and design.cultureVogue was described by book critic Caroline Weber in The New York Times in December 2006 as the worlds most influential fashion magazine:Vogue is to our era what the idea of God was. Revered（崇敬）for its editorial excellence and its visual panache（瀟灑）, the ma

51、gazine has long functioned as a bible for anyone worshiping luxury, celebrity and style. And while we perhaps take for granted the extent to which this trinity dominates consumer culture today, Vogues role in catalyzing（催化）its rise to pre-eminence cannot be underestimated.Vogue is most famous as a p

52、resenter of images of high fashion and high society, but it also publishes writings on art, culture, politics, and ideas. It has also helped to enshrine the fashion model as celebrity. Vogue is regularly criticized, along with the fashion industry it writes about, for valuing wealth, social connecti

53、ons, and low body weight over more noble achievements.Vogue is widely published; today, it is published in 24 countriesQ1: What is the content of Vogue?Q2: Why is it criticized?Summary of Para. 236(see exercise Check your comprehension B)Para. 2 Sophie is a rather big girl on the supermodel standardPara. 3 She is quite normal outside fashion business and she impresses people more by her smiles, eyes and arms.Para. 6 Sophie was discovered unexpectedly but naturallyR