1、動詞不定式用法小結動詞不定式用法小結動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，其結構為“ to 動詞原形”，其中 to 不是介詞，而是動詞不定式的符號，稱為小品詞，動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構成不定式短語，在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補足語、定語、狀語等。一 . 作主語 例如：To be a doctor is hard.做醫(yī)生很難。To learn English well is not easy. 好英語不容易。動詞不定式（短語）作主語時，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用“ it ”作形式主語，而把真正的主語動詞不定式（短語）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示為

2、：It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well再如：It s important to plant trees in spring.如果動詞不定式的動作是誰做的，可以在動詞不定式前面加一個由介詞 for 引導的短語，稱為不定式的復合結構。例：It s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.對我們來說每天早晨大聲讀英語是很有益的。It is important for students to use English every day.對學生來說每天使用英語

3、是很重要的。二 . 作表語：動詞不定式（短語）作表語常用于系詞 be 的后面。例：His work is to drive a ca他的工作是開車。My job is to feed animal或的工作是飼養(yǎng)動物。Her ambition is to be a docto她的理想是當醫(yī)生。作賓語動詞不定式（短語）可以放在一些動詞后面用作賓語，能以動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love,等sk例：I want to tell you a stor澈想給你講個故事。They b

4、egin to work at eight every mornin他們每天早晨 8 點開始工作。Don t forget to lock the door別忘了鎖門。Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 和我們一起去野餐好嗎？*如果and連接兩個動詞不定式，第二個動詞不定式一般省“ to”例：He wants to go and have a swim with us.想和我Cl起去游泳。（ 2）若作賓語的動詞不定式（短語）很長，可用it 作形式賓語。I find it interesting to learn En

5、glish with you. 覺得和你一起學英語很有趣。He found it hard to catch up with others他覺得趕上別人很困難。作賓語補足語。例如：The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.老師讓我們早晨讀半小時英語。The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.老師常告訴Jim不要花太多時間玩電腦游戲。Please let me help yo讓我來幫助你。

6、動詞不定式作賓語補足語，表示賓語所做的動作，可以用動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, hep。但在 let, make, see, watch, hear, feel,notice, havel?感官聽覺動詞或使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的動詞不定式一般要省略動詞不定式符號“to ”，可以歸納為以下三種句式：1.不可以省to 的不定式作賓語補足語：tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.例：

7、 The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.I want you to go now我想讓你現(xiàn)在就走。Her parents wish her to be a teach她父母親希望她當老師。“to ”的不定式作賓語補足語：let / make / have sb. do sth.Let the boy go out now讓那個男孩出去。The boy made the baby c胡孩弄哭了這個小孩。see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.I saw the students play ba

8、sketball on the playground yesterday.昨天我看見學生們在操場打籃球。I often hear the girl sing in the next room.我經(jīng)常聽到女孩在隔壁唱歌。3.可省可不省的：help sb. （ to） do sth.I often help my mother （ to） do housework. 我經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務。* 動詞不定式的否定式是直接在to 之前加 not. 例：1） Tell them not to play football in the street.告訴他們不要在街道上踢足球。2）省 to 的動詞不定式的否定

9、式是直接在動詞前面加 not. 例：Let the boy not go讓那個男孩別走。3）如果將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語，動詞不定式則不省“to ”，即原來省的再加上，例：The boy made the baby cry.The baby was made to cry by the bOy.個孩子被男孩弄哭了。五 . 動詞不定式作定語動詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語。Who was the first one to arrive?第個至 U 的?She has no paper to write on?沒有名氏寫

10、字？The best way to learn English is to use it.學英語最好的方法是使用它。When is the best time to plant vegetables?什么時候是種植蔬菜的最好時間？Do you have something to drink?你這有喝的嗎？*動詞不定式（短語）作定語修飾名詞時，與其所修飾的詞具有一種動賓關系，如果不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞時，其后應加上一個含義上所需要的介詞。例：I have no chair to sit onS；沒有椅子坐。He has no house to live infe 沒有房子住。六.不定式和疑問

11、詞連用，可以作句子的主語、賓語、表語等。例：The problem is where to get a computer.（表語）No one knows how to do讓沒有人知道如何做這件事。（賓）I really don t know which one to choose.（賓）我真的不知道選哪一個。*不定式和疑問詞連用作賓語時有時可以改為賓語從句。例：I don t know what to do next我不知下一步該做什么？I don t know what I should do next.課堂練習題一 . 選擇填空：He asked me here earlier.A.

12、come B. to come C. coming D. camePlease tell him on the wall.A. don t draw B. to not draw C. not to draw D. not drawHe wanted a cup of tea.A. to have B. having C. have D. hadI d like a word with you.A. had B. having C. to have D. haveI came here my uncle.A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seenThe m

13、an refused （拒絕）back his words.A. to takeB. takingC. tookD. takesI can let youone ticket.A. to haveB. haveC. havingD. hadWe often heard himin his room.A. to sing B. sings C. sang D. singHe was madeday and night.A. work B. working C. to work D. workedHe stoppeda look, but saw nothing.A. having B. to h

14、ave C. have D. hadMy father was too angry a word.A. to say B. not to say C. to sayingD. didn t sayMy brother was old enough to school.A. went B. goes C. going D. to goIt is time him supper.A. of, to haveB. for, to haveC. of, havingD. for, to hasIt s very kind you me.A. of, to helpB. for, to helpC. o

15、f, helpD. of, helpingIt s important our classroom clean every day.A. kept B. to keep C. to give D. keepBefore liberation （解放） they had no chance to school.A. went B. go C. to go D. to be gone TOC o 1-5 h z He said he had an important meeting .A. attend B. would attend C. attending D. to attendPlease

16、 give me a piece of paper .A. to write B. to write on C. writing D. to write it 19. I don t know .A. what do B. what will do C. what to do D. do whatYour radio needs .A. to be repaired B. to repair C. repaired D. to repairingMy wish is a teacher.A. becoming B. to become C. become D. becameI want him

17、 a letter now.A. to write B. not write C. write D. wroteIt took us three days the trees.A. plant B. planted C. to plant D. plantsWhy not here me?A. to come, to see B. come, to see C. came, seeing D. come, seeHe wishes me my best hard at English.A. to do, to work B. doing, working C. to do, working D

18、. do, workPlease tell me her. I have something her.A. where to find, telling B. where to find, to tellC. where can find, to tell D. where finding, tellingHow happy they are each other again!A. to see B. see C. saw D. being seenThey decided （決心、） a letter their thanks.A. to write, expressing（表達）B. wr

19、iting, expressC. write, expressedD. to write, to expressThe officer ordered （命令）him down a rest.A. lying, have B. to lie, to have C. to lie, having D. lie, hadThe headmaster called on （號召）us hard for our country.A. to work B. worked C. work D. to working. 根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。He was so angry t

20、hat he could nt say anything.He was too angry anything.I don t know when we will have the meeting.I don t know when the meeting.He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter .That you read English in the morning is very important.It is very important you English in the morning.He w

21、as so strong that he could lift the stone.（石頭）He was strong the stone.His father went to Beijing for his holiday.His father went to Beijing his holiday.They got up early so that they could get there in time.They got up early there in time.His brother decided that he would buy the book.His brother de

22、cided the book.He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.He hopes the Great Wall.0.I saw him go into the room. He was seen into the room.We made him work five hours a day.He was made five hours a day.Do you want to say anything for yourself?Do you have anything for yourself?.We don t know what we sh

23、all do next. We don t know what next.m very sorry on hearing the bad news.I m very sorry the bad news.He stopped and had a look at me.He stopped a look at me.一、接動詞不定式做賓語的動詞三個希望兩答應 (hope, wish, want, agree, promise),兩個要求莫拒接(demand, ask, refuse),設法學會做決定 (manage, learn, decide), 不要假裝在選擇(pretend, choose

24、).(不要)做某事.want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事.try to do sth.試圖做某事try doing sth嘗試做某事.help sb. (to) do sth.幫某人做某事.be busy with sth.忙于某事=be busy doing sth.hope to do sth./hope(that) 希望.send sth to sb =send sb sth發(fā)給某人某物.find sb. doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事. remember to do sth.記得要去做某事-remember doing sth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事12Jforget

25、 to do sth.忘記要去做某事10rget doing sth.忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事13.plan to do sth.計劃做某事15.sb. pay(s) money for sth.某人在某物上花費金錢16.sth. cost(s) sb. some money某人在某物上花費金錢17.like to do/doing sth.喜歡做某事18.love/like doing sth喜歡做某事ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事decide to do sth.決定做某事would like to do sth想要做某事enjoy to do sthenjoy doing sth

26、享受做某事、接動詞原形或者現(xiàn)在分詞的動詞practice doing sth練習做某事make sb do sth使得某人做某事let sb do sth 讓某人做某事dislike doing sth 不喜歡做某事hate doing/to do sth 討厭做某事keep doing sth保持一直做某事be busy doing sth忙于做某事spend(time)doing sth花時間做某事mind doing sth介意做某事need to do sth 需要做某事look forward to doing sth期望做某事14.動詞不定式練習：. 根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意

27、思相近或相同，每空一詞。He was so angry that he couldn t say anything.He was too angry anything.I don t know when we will have the meeting.I don t know when the meeting.He said he would write a letter.He said he would have a letter .That you read English in the morning is very important.It is very important you

28、 English in the morning.He was so strong that he could lift the stone.He was strong the stone.His father went to Beijing for his holiday.His father went to Beijing his holiday.They got up early so that they could get there in time.They got up early there in time.His brother decided that he would buy

29、 the book.His brother decided the book.He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.He hopes the Great Wall.10.I saw him go into the room.He was seen into the room.We made him work five hours a day.He was made five hours a day.Do you want to say anything for yourself?Do you have anything for yourself?.

30、We don t know what we shall do next.We don t know what next.I m very sorry on hearing the bad news.I m very sorry the bad news.15.He stopped and had a look at me.He stopped a look at me.16.I helped him with his English.I helped him English.My father promised （許諾） that he would buy me a bike.My fathe

31、r promised me a bike.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.The box is too heavy me . “Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog.The boy ordered his dog down. “Don t make any noise,”she said to me.She told me any noise. 單選：This company was the first portable radios as well as cassette tape recordersin th

32、e world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. producedThe purpose of new technology is to make life easier, it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to makeHelen had to shout above the sound of the music .A .making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making hers

33、elf heardD .to make herself heardI don t know whether you happen,but I am going to study in the U.S.A thisSeptember.A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heardThe news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left.A .to tellB .to be told C .tellingD .toldYou were si

34、lly not your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having lockedThe teacher asked us so much noise.A .don t make B. not make C. not making D .not to makeAn army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clearwarnings before firing any shots.A .to issuebeing issuedto have iss

35、uedto be issuedI d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, thana room with someone else.A. to shareB. to have sharedC. shareD. sharingThe bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylightyesterday.D. havingA. robbedB. to have been robbed C. being robbed been robbedA number of pain

36、tings in the castle are believed in a fire.A. being destroyedB. having been destroyedC. to be destroyedD. to have been destroyedThe meeting next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take placeB. to be taken placeC. to have taken placeD. being taken placeAs a result of my laziness, I failed my wo

37、rk in time.A. and finished B. to finishC. and finishing D. to finishedI am sorry written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not havingWill you lend him a magazine ?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he readHe could do nothing but for the bus .A. wait, to comew

38、ait; comewaiting; comingwaited; came.It is a problem that doesnt need right now.A. to solve B. solvingC. being solved D. to be solvingThere s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means trouble.A. making B. to makeC. to have madeD. having madeI remember him the bike needed

39、.A. hearing, saying, to repairB. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairingD. to hear, saying, to be repaired- You should have thanked her before you left.- I meant , but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A. to do B. toC. doingD. doing soRobert is said to abroad, but I dont know

40、what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to study B. to be studyingD. to have beenstudyingI m gong to Xian next week. Have you anything to your parents?A. to takeB. to be takenC. to be bought toD. to buywhen are they in their plan?A. hand B. handedC. to handD. giveIn such dry weather, the flo

41、wers will have to be watered if they .A. have survivedB. are to surviveC. would survived D. willsurviveWhen we hurried to the station, there happened no bus at that time.A. to haveB. to beC. havingD. beingI lost my way in complete darkness and, matters worse, it began torain.A. made B. having made C

42、. making D. to makeAt time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she isalways too busy a good rest.A. no, to take B. no, taking C. any, to take D. one, taking-Are you a student?-No, but I used .A. to beB. to wasC. to doD. to be aI stopped to listen, and my son seemed himself in the l

43、ivingroom.A. to enjoy, to shutB. to be enjoying, shuttingC. to be enjoying, shutD. to have enjoyed, having shutWith a lot of difficult problems , the newly-elected president is having ahard time.A. settled B. settlingC. to settleD. being settledWe re leaving at six o clock, and hope most of the jour

44、ney by lunchtime.A. to doB. to have done C. to make D. to have madeThe study of the wild world may help to make the world easier .A. understood B. to be understood C. to understand D. understandWho will you get the project for us?A. designB. to designC. designedD. designingIt is said in Australia th

45、ere is more land than the government know .A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with itWe are not allowed outdoors with some other children.A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playingAllen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way ho

46、me.A. much too heavyB. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavymuchShe feels so strongly that each of us should have a role in making theearth a better place to live in.A. to have playedB. to play C. to be playedD. to be playingWhen I handed the report to John, he said that George was the perso

47、n .A. to sendB. for sending itC. to send it toD. for sending it toDo let your mother know all the truth, she appears everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been toldThere are five pairs , but I m at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to chooseD. for choosi

48、ngThe problem is difficult for us .A. so; work outB. very too; to be worked outC. rather too, to work outD. quite too, to work it out-Where should I my application?-The personnel office is the place .A. send; to send itB. send for; to send it toC. send for; for sending itD. send; to send it toI ve w

49、orked with children before, so I know what in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. expects D. to be expectingI feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child.A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamedD. should blameCan you imagine the questions I had our teacher?A. asked B. to ask C

50、. askingD. askWho did you the wall yesterday?A. have paintedB. have paint C. have to paint D. have painting-Whats the matter with John?-He didnt pass the test but he still .A. hopes soB. hopes toC. hope itD. hope thatMuch attention should be paid peoples living conditions.A. in improvingB. to improv

51、e C. improving D. to improvingthat evening was due to his ill health.A. He failed to comeB. That he failed to comingC. His failure to comeD. His failure in comingI would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finisha report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having goneMy famil

52、y considers a computer, which is considered a greathelp in our work and study.A. to buy; to beB. buying; beingC. to buy; beingD. buying; tobeWith the plane in ten minutes, all the passengers on board were askedto turn off their mobile phones.A. taken offB. taking off C. to take offD. would take offT

53、hank you for all the trouble you ve taken me.A. to helpB. with to helpC. in helpingD. of helpingHe is believed the college exam, for he is now studying very hard now.A. to passB. to have passed C. passD. that he can pass- Will you have anybody the flowers?Yes, I ll have the flowers .A. plant, plante

54、dB. to plant, plantedC. plant; to be plantedD. to plant , plantThey are looking forward with hopefrom you soon.A. to hearing B. of hearingC. hearingD. to hearBusy translating a book, he couldn t help the article.A. write B. writingC. wroteD. writtenZhou Lan doesn t have to be made. She always studie

55、s very hard.A. learn B. to learnC. learningD. learnedthis cake, you ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar, and 175 g flour.A. Having made,B, MakeC. To makeD. MakingI feel it an honour to speak here.A. to be askedB. to askC. having asked D. askedHe asked me here earlier.A. come B. to comeC. comingD. camePlease

56、 tell him on the wall.A. don t draw B. to not draw C. not to drawD. not drawHe wanted a cup of tea.A. to haveB. having C. have D. hadI d like a word with you.A. hadB. having C. to haveD. haveI came here my uncle.A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seenThe man refused （拒絕） back his words.A. to takeB.

57、 taking C. took D. takesI can let you one ticket.A. to haveB. have C. having D. hadWe often heard him in his room.A. to singB. sings C. sang D. singHe was made day and night.A. work B. workingC. to workD. workedHe stopped a look, but saw nothing.A. havingB. to haveC. haveD. hadMy father was too angry a word.A. to say B. not to say C. to sayingD. didn t sayMy brother was old enough to school.A. went B. goes C. going D. to goIt is time him supper.A. of, to have B. for, to h