1、主謂一致AGREEMENT1沐風書苑rUseful structures語法詳解： 所謂主謂一致是指主語和謂語動詞之間,即主語的人稱和單復數形式決定著謂語動詞對應的形式。2沐風書苑rThe boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:3沐風書苑rBob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.

2、areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _ (know) how to teach English.are knows/know4沐風書苑r主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：1. and連接兩個或兩個以上單數名詞或者代詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞有以下兩種情況：(1) He and she _both students

3、of this school. 他和她都是這個學校的學生。如果指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物的時候,謂語動詞用復數。一、語法一致原則are5沐風書苑r(2) 但如果連接兩個以上的名詞指的是同一個人或物, 或者指同一概念的時候, 謂語要用單數。 6沐風書苑r The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。 isis7沐風書苑r2. 如果主語是不定式, 動詞ing形式或主語從句的時候,謂語動詞一般用單數。When he

4、 is coming _ very important. 他什么時候要來看起來很重要。 Collecting stamps _ his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛好。 To love her _ not to break her wings. 愛她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。seemsisis8沐風書苑r3. 定語從句的關系代詞who, which, that在從句中作主語時，要與先行詞的人稱和數保持一致。 Those who_ singing may join us. Tom, who _ your friend, should help you. enjoyis9沐風書苑r4. wit

5、h, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用,謂語動詞的數隨主語的變化而變化。例如：The teacher, together with his students, _ planting trees in the street. 老師和他的學生們正在街道上植樹。is10沐風書苑rMr. Black , as well as two women, _ at the office.isMr. Black with, together

6、with, along with11沐風書苑reither . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主語的時候或者在there be句型中,謂語動詞要和就近的主語保持一致。二、就近原則Neither you nor I _ wrong. There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.amis12沐風書苑rNot only the students but also the teacher _ for a holiday. wishes13沐風書苑r三、概念一致原則

7、所謂概念一致原則是指謂語動詞和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法形式, 而是其實際意義。有的主語名詞在形式上是單數, 但在意義上卻是復數；有的主語名詞在形式上是復數, 但在意義上卻是單數。14沐風書苑r1. 不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個蘋果都爛了。 are is15沐風書苑rNone of the money_ left. 沒有剩下一點錢。None of the students _ there. 沒有學生在那里。

8、 is is16沐風書苑rNone 和 neither 有時當作單數看待，有時當作復數看待，主要根據說話人的意思決定。做主語時，謂動可用單數，也可用復數。但在代表不可數名詞時?？醋鲉螖?，因而謂動須用單數。Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.None of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/know knows/know17沐風書苑r18沐風書苑r2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句

9、子中加名詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。19沐風書苑rHalf of the students _finished theircomposition. 一半的學生已經完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys. 我們學校, 大約百分之六十的學生是男生.haveisare20沐風書苑r3. 集合名詞作主語, 動詞可用單數, 也可以用復數。主要由句子的意思決定。強調整體謂語動詞用單數；指全體人員時, 動詞則用復數。這一類常見的集合名詞有pu

10、blic, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。21沐風書苑rHis family _going out. 他們全家要外出。His family _all music lovers. 他們全家人都是音樂愛好者。is are 22沐風書苑r4. 某些名詞如people, police, cattle等,形式上是單數, 但意義上是復數, 謂語動詞應用復數。people指“民族”時是例外。 The police _ searching for a thief. The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.area

11、re23沐風書苑r5. 復合不定代詞作主語, 謂語動詞要用單數，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone_ asking for you. 有人找你。Nothing _ found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒找到。isis24沐風書苑r6. 某些名詞如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其復數形式, 但當它們被a pair of 修飾

12、時, 謂語動詞用單數。如: The shoes _ worn out. 鞋子破了。 The pair of shoes _ worn out. 這雙鞋破了。 areis25沐風書苑r名詞如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主語，謂動要用復數；但當這類詞前有a/the pair of修飾時，謂動用單數。26沐風書苑r某些名詞以s結尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語動詞應用單數。物理是一門很有趣的學科。 Physics is a very interes

13、ting subject.27沐風書苑r8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短語中and連接的單數名詞, 整個短語在句中作主語時, 謂語動詞常使用單數。 Each man and each woman_ asked to attend. is28沐風書苑r班級中的每個男孩女孩都很用功。聽不到任何聲音。Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.No sound and no voice is heard.29沐風書苑r9. 以a number of 作主語時

14、, 謂語動詞用復數; 以the number of 作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數。 A number of new books_ on the desk. The number of students in you class _ 50. areis30沐風書苑r10. 有些名詞的單數和復數形式一樣, 作主語的時候, 其謂語動詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means _ useful. 不是每種方法都好使。 Not all means _ useful. 不是所有的方

15、法都好使。isare31沐風書苑r11. many a, more than one, one and a half與單數名詞組成的短語, 謂語用單數。 Many a boy _ seen it. 許多孩子都看到了。12. 書刊名、時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復數名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞常用單數。 Thirty years _ not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.hasis32沐風書苑r1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (這種書) , 其謂語用單數; 短語this kind of

16、 men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口語) (這一類人), 但this kind of men 的謂語用單數, men of this kind 和these kind of men 的謂語用復數, all kinds of 后跟復數名詞, 謂語用復數形式。例如：應該注意的幾個問題:33沐風書苑r This kind of men _ dangerous. Men of this kind _dangerous.2. 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。例如: Between the two windows _ a pict

17、ure.isarehangs34沐風書苑r3. “分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of 后面的名詞的數保持一致,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例如:35沐風書苑rLots of damage_ caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface _ covered with water.

18、Three-fifths of the workers here _women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of + 名詞復數”。但是,“the number of + 名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較： wasisare36沐風書苑rA number of students _ gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book _ two hundred.haveis37沐風書苑r注意:a (large) quantity of 修飾可數或不可數名

19、詞, 其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。A large quantity of people _ needed here.is38沐風書苑rquantities of 修飾可數或不可數名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞一般用復數。例如:Quantities of food (nuts) _ on the table.短語in quantity, in large quantities 意為 “大量”; in small quantities 意為“少量”。 were39沐風書苑r4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修飾不可數名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞

20、通常用單數; large amounts of 修飾不可數名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用復數。例如:40沐風書苑rA large amount of (A great deal of) damage _ done in a very short time.Large amounts of money _ spent on the bridge.waswere41沐風書苑r5. 表示數量的one and a half 后, 名詞要用復數形式, 但是其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。例如： One and a half bananas _ left on the table.is42沐

21、風書苑r6. 如果主語由“the + 形容詞(或過去分詞)”結構擔任時,謂語通常用復數;這類詞有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等; 但也有少數的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別,則用單數。例如：43沐風書苑rThe blind _ in special school.The departed(死者)_ a well-

22、known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時,就要與名詞man, person 或表示人的單數連用。例如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.studywas44沐風書苑r主謂一致練習45沐風書苑r1. Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A. play B. are playingC. plays D. is playing2. Thirty dollars _ too expensive.A. are B. is C. were

23、 D. be46沐風書苑r3. If anybody _, please put down _ name, said the teacher to the monitor.A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/theirC. will buy the book/ones D. wants to have the book bought/her4. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left47沐風

24、書苑r5. Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand6. - Shall I wait here for three hours? -Yes. Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for youC. was not long enough for you D. will be too

25、 long for you48沐風書苑r7. Every student and every teacher _.A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meetingC. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting8. This pair of shoes _.A. is her B. is hersC. are hers D. are her49沐風書苑r9.What we need _good textbooks. A. is B. are C. have

26、D. has50沐風書苑r10._ has been done. A. ninetynine percents of the work B. Half of what he promised C. Two-fifths of the articles D. Three quarter of the business 51沐風書苑rSupplementary Exercises52沐風書苑r Multiple choice:1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging2. “News of v

27、ictories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was5. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. k

28、now B. knows C. have known D. is known53沐風書苑r6. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were7. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam af

29、ter another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 10. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have n

30、ot decided 54沐風書苑r高考鏈接1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海2001） A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; haveB55沐風書苑r精析：a large number of 后面要接復數名詞，所以A不能作為答案。因為desert是單數，所以要填 has。這句話的意思是“毀壞森林的結果是，大片沙漠覆蓋了陸地”答案 B56沐風書苑r2. _ of the land

31、 in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000) A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, areC57沐風書苑r精析: 分數的分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞表示.如果分子大于1, 分母序數詞后加-s. 分數和百分比作主語時,謂語動詞的形式取決于分數和百分數后面的名詞.句子中的主語 land是單數,所以謂語動詞要用is covered. 答案C.58沐風書苑r3 Each of the students, working hard at h

32、is or her lessons, _ to go to university. So do I.（全國1998） A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. do hopeA59沐風書苑r精析：這句話的主語是 Each of the students，是單數，所以要 hopes 選作謂語?，F在分詞短語working hard at his or her lessons 作狀語，表示伴隨的情況。有的考生盲目地把 lessons 當成了主語，填寫了hope，發生了錯誤。本題的譯文：每一個努力學習的學生都想上大學。我也是。答案 A。60沐風書苑r4. _ people in th

33、e world are sending information by e-mail every day.（上海2001） A. Several million B. Many millions C. Several millions D. Many millionA61沐風書苑r精析: 在million前如果有具體的數字或 several等詞時，要用單數形式。 many一般不與 million等詞連用. 表示“數百萬”，英語為 millions of。這句話的意思是“每天，世界上有幾十萬人通過 e-mail傳遞信息?！贝鸢?A。62沐風書苑r5.The number of people inv

34、ited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. (NMET96) A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; wereC63沐風書苑r6. The number of students in this school _ by 5% every year.(MET92) A. rise B. raise C. rises D. raises the number of+復數可數名詞作主語，表示的數目(數量)，謂語動詞用單數；a number of+復數可數名詞作

35、主語，表示許多，謂語動詞用復數。C64沐風書苑r7. A good deal of money _ spent on books.(MET84) A. have B. has C. have been D. has beenD65沐風書苑r9. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. (MET90)A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offeredA66沐風書苑r10. E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an im

36、portant part in daily communication. (上海99) A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. playA67沐風書苑r11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. (MET86)A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known12. All but one _ here just now. (MET87)A. is B. was C. has been D. wereDB68沐風書苑r13. Either you or the headmaster

37、_ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.(上海94) A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand outD69沐風書苑r14. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.(MET87) A. is B. are C. am D. beB70沐風書苑r15. She is one of the few girls wh

38、o _ in the kindergarten.(上海94) A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying wellB71沐風書苑r16. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海2002春) A. is B. are C. have been D. has beenD72沐風書苑r17. _ of the land in that district _ covered with tr

39、ees and grass.(上海2000) A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; areC分數或百分數+of+名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的數與名詞的數一致。73沐風書苑r18.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.(MET91) A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decidedA動名詞、不定式或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。74沐風書苑r倒裝

40、句及there be句型中，謂語動詞往往與最鄰近的一個主語保持一致。19.There _ no life on the moon. (MET92) A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to beC75沐風書苑r20. Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons，_ to go to university.(上海98) A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hopedBeither/neither/each

41、+of+復數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數。76沐風書苑r21. A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill. (NMET95) A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps; grasses; leaves C. sheep; grass; leaf D. sheeps; grass; leafsA77沐風書苑r22.Every possible means _ to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (上海2000春) A. is

42、 used B. are used C. has been used D. have been usedC78沐風書苑r單復數同形的名詞作主語時，依照意義一致的原則，表示單數意義時，謂語用單數；反之，謂語用復數形式。這類名詞有：sheep, deer, means(方法、手段),works(工廠),species(種類)79沐風書苑r過關落實1.A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. A.show；are B.shows；i

43、s C.show；is D.shows；are 解析：“a survey”作主語，謂語動詞用單數；表時間，距離， 金錢的可數名詞復數作主語，謂語動詞也用單數。 答案：B2.We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. A.is B.are C.has been D.have been 解析：主語是“the time”，故謂語動詞用單數。 答案：A 80沐風書苑r3.The company had about 20 notebo

44、ok computers but only onethird _ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long. A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：此處onethird 指one third of 20 notebook computers，故為復數；與now相對，用過去時。 答案：D4.Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. A.are B.is C.being D.to be 解析：主語為“大部分對Smith

45、夫婦的說法”，看成單數，謂語 動詞用is。 答案：B 81沐風書苑r5.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：a poet and artist指一個人，既是詩人，也是藝術家。 答案：A6.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 解析：主語仍為the father，單數形式；as well as his three children作句子的狀語，不影響謂語動詞的單復數。 答案：C 82沐風書苑r7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifth