1、新標準英語高中選擇性必修第二冊Activity 1 What animals can you see in the picture?What kind of changes would take place if cats, rats and rabbits were introduced to an environment like this?2 They would hunt the birds and eat the native vegetation, thus upsetting the local ecological balance.Macquarie Island麥夸里島Mac

2、quarie Island is an Australian Island located in the southwestern edge of the Pacific Ocean. It is located at latitude 54 degrees 30 south and longitude 158 degrees 57 east. It is 1466 km away from Tasmania Island in the northwest and 1294 km south to the Antarctic continent, which is about half the

3、 distance from Australia to Antarctica. Macquarie Island is a narrow island with a length of 34 km and a width of just 5 km at its widest point. It covers an area of about 128 square km and is located on the Macquarie Ridge, which runs north-south.麥夸里島(Macquarie Island)是澳大利亞的一個島，位于太平洋西南邊陲，地處南緯54度30分

4、，東經158度57分，它距西北的塔斯馬尼亞島1466千米，向南到南極大陸1294千米，大約相當于從澳洲到南極洲的一半路程。麥夸里島地形狹長，長34千米，最寬處僅5千米，面積約為128平方千米，位處南北走向的麥夸里洋脊(Macquarie Ridge)上。Macquarie Island has an average elevation of 240 metres and several rocky islets off its coast.It has meteorological and geological stations since 1948. In 1933, it was buil

5、t as a nature reserve and a breeding ground for the Royal Penguin.There is a seal habitat on the island.Macquarie Island is a place where rocks rise actively from beneath the mantle (a depth of six kilometers below the ocean) to the surface.These rare rocks rising to the sea also include basalt and

6、other rock masses.麥夸里島平均海拔240米，岸外有幾個巖石小島。1948年起設有氣象和地質考察站，1933年建為自然保護區，為皇家企鵝(Royal Penguin)繁殖地;島上有海豹棲息地。麥夸里島是一處巖石從地幔下(海洋下6公里深處)活躍升出海平面的地方。這些罕見的升出海面的巖石也包括玄武巖和其他巖體。Macquarie Islands animals consists of the Subantarctic Fur Seal, Antarctic Fur Seal, New Zealand Fur Seal and Southern Elephant Seal), mor

7、e than 80,000 in total.Royal penguins breed only on the island, as do king penguins, Southern Rockhopper penguins and Gentoo penguins.About 100,000 rabbits are also found on the island.Introduced wild cats were reported to have been completely wiped out in 2002.麥夸里島上的動物群有亞南極軟毛海豹(Subantarctic Fur Sea

8、l)、南極軟毛海豹(Antarctic Fur Seal)、新西蘭軟毛海豹(New Zealand Fur Seal)及南象海豹(Southern Elephant Seal)，數目合共超過8萬。皇家企鵝(Royal Penguin)只在此島繁殖，國王企鵝、南方冠企鵝(Southern Rockhopper Penguin)及巴布亞企鵝亦然。約10萬只兔子亦見于此島。據報，引種野貓已在2002年全盤滅絕。Activity 2 Read the passage and find out what happened to Macquarie Island. Non-native species i

9、ntroduced to Macquarie Island attacked native birds, and led to a substantial reduction of bird population and even the extinction of parakeets. In addition,non-native species ate and devastated the native vegetation. All of this played a part in upsetting the natural harmony of the island. But now

10、the islands ecology is on the road to recovery with human efforts.1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Macquarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its wild and natural beauty.B. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape on Macquarie Island form its beauty.C. Royal pe

11、nguins, king penguins and elephant seals live in perfect harmony now.D. The writer is standing on Macquarie Island enjoying its wild and natural beauty.2. What is mentioned in the passage?A. When humans arrived on the island, they hunted the birds on the island.B. So many rats and mice were brought

12、to the island on purpose.C. Rats and mice have been taking over the island, eating the birdseggs so far.D. Cats were introduced to the island to control the rats and mice.3. What was the cause of soil erosion according to the passage?A. Rabbits were introduced to the island,multiplying rapidly and d

13、igging holes.B. Parakeets, native to the island,died out because of humansactivities.C. The inereasing number of cats led to more cats hunting the birds.D. Rats and mice multiplied rapidly and dug holes without cats.4. Which method to remove the rabbits from the island was used effectively in the 19

14、70s?A. A large number of dogs were released.B. A large number of birds were released.C. A virus was delivered onto the island.D. A large number of cats were released.5. What caused some land to collapse at the beginning of the 21st century?A. The departure of the cats from the island.B. The increasi

15、ng population of mice and rats.C. The digging of the rabbits.D. The death of a number of penguins.Activity 3To analyse how Macquarie Island was saved from destruction.To inform readers of the chaos caused on Macquarie Island by Humans.To entertain readers with a funny story about what happened on Ma

16、cquarie Island.To suggest ways in which an ecosystem can be protected. Choose the authors purpose in writing the passage and give your reasons.Activity 4Activity 4ACTION(S):Cats were brought to the island.Rabbits were introduced to the island.A virus was released onto the island.Traps and dogs were

17、used.Poison and dogs were used.PURPOSE(S):To provide food for humans.To remove all the rabbits from the island.To catch the cats.To remove all the remaining invading species.RESULT(S):they took over the island, eating the birds eggs and attacking baby birdsThe cats developed an appetite for the bird

18、s.the exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats. This led to more cats hunting the birds. As a result, parakeets died out in 1891Substantial reduction of rabbit population led to cats killing more native birds.The departure of the cats resulted in an increasing population of r

19、ats and mice. And the rabbit population exploded once again.The island is pest-free and its ecology is on the road to recovery.Activity 4Now talk about how human interference led to such severe consequences for Macquarie Island.新標準英語高中選擇性必修第二冊麥夸里島:從混亂不堪到精心保護1 I am standing on Macquarie Island, in th

20、e South-west Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long, thin shape. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, giving it a wild and natural beauty. No visitor would think it surprising that the island i

21、s a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seal, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.我正站在麥夸里島上，這里位于太平洋的西南部，澳大利亞和南極洲的中間。強風和驚濤駭浪將海島塑成現在狹長的形狀。綠草和光禿的巖石形成的景觀反差巨大，

22、使海島呈現出一種狂野和天然的美。這座島是聯合國教科文組織確立的世界遺產,游客們都認為其名副其實。他們也不難想象出，數千年來,包括帝企鵝、王企鵝和象海豹在內的當地動物是如何與其自然棲息地完美地和諧共存的。2 But the islands more recent history tells a different story. Its a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice. These sm

23、all animals quickly took over the island, eating the birds eggs and attacking baby birds. Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too.但是,這座島近些年的遭遇則是截然不同的故事。悲劇從人類1810年來到這座島嶼開始。他們不經意間隨船帶來了大鼠和小鼠。這些小動物很快就占領了島

24、嶼,它們吃鳥蛋并攻擊幼鳥。為控制鼠患,人們帶來了貓，但不幸的是，貓隨后也開始以鳥為食。3 Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans. Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best - they multipled rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. The exploding

25、 rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats, meaning that the number of cats also increased. This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds. The end result was that parakeets, once large in number and native to the island, died out in 1891.與此同時，人們把兔子引進島上作為食物。由于在島上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅長的事一飛快地繁殖

26、，它們開始吃當地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蝕。爆炸式增長的兔子數量給貓提供了充足的食物,這意味著貓的數量也增加了，相應地就有更多貓捕食鳥類。最終結果是，曾經數量眾多的當地物種長尾小鸚鵡在1891年滅絕。4 Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbis remained out of control. Experts felt it nccessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the is

27、land. With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island. But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 1 30,000 to around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats. The rats in consequence turned their attention - and their stomachs - back to the native birds, ki

28、lling up to 60,000 each year. In the 1980s，traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000.即使在20世紀70年代麥夸里島成為官方自然保護區后,兔子仍然不受控制。專家認為，必須想辦法清除島上所有的兔子。懷著這個目標，人們投放了一種病毒到島上。然而，雖然病毒使得兔子的數量從130,000降到約10,000只,但這也意味著貓的食物變少了。因此，貓把注意力和胃口重新轉向了當地烏類，每年捕食多達6o,000只。20世紀80年

29、代,人們利用捕獵夾和狗來抓貓。2000年,麥夸里島上的最后只貓被抓。5. But as the saying goes,“While the cats away, the mice will play. With the departure of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase. And remember those 10,000 or so rabbits? It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again. Then, in 2006, the rabbits digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial number of penguins. This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit proble