1、計算機實踐報告課程名稱： 火災科學 題 目： 某辦公建筑火災與人員疏散模擬分析一 、設計的基本情況1.1建筑的基本情況 建筑為兩層，兩層平面類似，尺寸見下圖： 一層平面圖二層平面圖層高3.6m；火災時每個房間門均敞開，窗戶均關閉；一樓大門尺寸為2m×2m，火災中為敞開狀態；1.2.火災發生時的條件 1本設計中火災功率為2MW、火源位置在房間6墻角，起火房間初始沒有人員，其余房間初始人數12；2. 火源為t平方快速增長火，單位面積熱釋放速率1000kW/m2；3. 房間14設有機械排煙口，排煙流量如表所列，排煙口面積為0.5m×0.5m，排煙口下沿離地高度3.0m，火災開始后

2、30s開始啟動。二、FDS模擬火災過程2.1FDS模型的建立利用pyrosim進行模型構建，按照條件來設置建筑、著火點、火源功率、排煙口等情況，即可得到本建筑著火時的FDS模型，模型圖如下：2.2. 火源熱釋放速率增長曲線2.3溫度隨時間變化圖（從第5分鐘開始，每5分鐘截一次圖）一樓起火房間（樓梯左側）溫度隨時間變化圖二樓排煙房間（左下角房間）溫度隨時間變化圖走廊溫度隨時間變化圖2.4能見度的變化（從第5分鐘開始，每5分鐘截一次圖）一樓起火房間（樓梯左側）能見度隨時間變化圖二樓排煙房間（左下角房間）能見度隨時間變化圖走廊能見度隨時間變化圖2.5 CO濃度的變化（從第5分鐘開始，每5分鐘截一次圖

3、）一樓起火房間（樓梯左側）CO隨時間變化圖二樓排煙房間（左下角房間）CO隨時間變化圖走廊CO隨時間變化圖2.6 可用安全疏散時間（ASET）房間1的煙氣高度420s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為420s房間2的煙氣高度400s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為400s房間3的煙氣高度350s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為350s房間4的煙氣高度350s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為350s房間5的煙氣高度420s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為420s房間6因為是火災發生地，所以不做討論房間7的煙氣高度350s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為350s房間8的煙氣高度350s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間

4、為350s房間9的煙氣高度400s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為400s房間10的煙氣高度480s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為480s房間11因為是封閉的，所以不做討論房間12的煙氣高度480s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為480s房間13的煙氣高度400s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為400s房間14的煙氣高度360s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為360s房間15的煙氣高度480s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為480s房間16的煙氣高度480s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為480s房間17的煙氣高度400s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為400s走廊1的煙氣高度180s時小于2m，可用安全疏

5、散時間為180s走廊2的煙氣高度190s時小于2m，可用安全疏散時間為190s三、 必要安全疏散時間（RSET）分析3.1 Evacnet4 場景建立3.1.1 節點劃分WP：workplace，房間； HA：hall，走道；SW：stairwell，樓梯間； LA：Landing，樓梯平臺；DS：destination，目標（即最終疏散到的安全地方）LO:lobby（大廳）將平面圖節點化：疏散路徑LO1.1-DS1.1LA1.1-LO1.1HA1.1-LA1.1HA2.1-LA1.1SW1.2-LA1.1WP1.1-HA1.1WP2.1-HA1.1WP3.1-HA2.1WP4.1-HA2.1

6、WP5.1-HA1.1WP6.1-HA1.1WP7.1-HA2.1WP8.1-HA2.1LA1.2-SW1.2HA1.2-LA1.2HA2.2-LA1.2WP1.2-HA1.2WP2.2-HA1.2WP3.2-HA2.2WP4.2-HA2.2WP5.2-HA1.2WP6.2-HA1.2WP7.2-HA2.2WP8.2-HA2.2 節點相關數據表NODEFloorUALOSAPAONCICHA1.11158D5310HA2.11140D5280HA1.22158D5310HA2.22140D5280LO1.1178D5150LA1.1165D5130LA1.2265D5130SW1.2278D5

7、150WP1.11135C111212WP2.11108C91212WP3.11108C91212WP4.11108C91212WP5.11135C111212WP6.11108C9120WP7.11108C91212WP8.11108C91212WP1.22135C111212WP2.22108C91212WP3.22108C91212WP4.22108C91212WP5.22135C111212WP6.22108C91212WP7.22108C91212WP8.22108C91212路徑參數ARCLOSWRAFVDCDISTASTTLO1.1-DS1.1D67186102151LA1.1-

8、LO1.1D901811162151HA1.1-LA1.1D67186302152HA2.1-LA1.1D67186262152SW1.2-LA1.1D47227161102WP1.1-HA1.1D35133162151WP2.1-HA1.1D35123162151WP3.1-HA2.1D35123162151WP4.1-HA2.1D35123162151WP5.1-HA1.1D35133162151WP6.1-HA1.1D35123162151WP7.1-HA2.1D35123162151WP8.1-HA2.1D35125162151LA1.2-SW1.2D47227161102HA1.2-

9、LA1.2D67186301102HA2.2-LA1.2D67186261102WP1.2-HA1.2D35133162151WP2.2-HA1.2D35123162151WP3.2-HA2.2D35123162151WP4.2-HA2.2D35123162151WP5.2-HA1.2D35133162151WP6.2-HA1.2D35123162151WP7.2-HA2.2D35123162151WP8.2-HA2.2D35123162151疏散計算結果通過程序Evacnet4運行附錄中Evacnet運行文件得到以下結果： 整個建筑除了11號封閉房間共12*15=180人安全疏散需要75s。

10、各節點的必要安全疏散時間如下圖所示： 總結：當發生火災時，必要安全時間（RSET）大于可用安全時間(ASET)時，則可認為人員能夠疏散散至安全區域。受多方面因素影響如，火災探測器報警時間，人的感應時間和反應快慢，以及能見度等多方面因素的影響，必要安全疏散時間會比煙氣層高度達到最小安全值時的時間要短得多。通過火災模擬得出的必要安全疏散時間為房間6的必要疏散時間，因為其他房間及走廊在模擬的時間內煙氣層高度都處于安全值。附：FDS代碼：&HEAD CHID='4'/&TIME T_END=1.2021 000E003/&DUMP RENDER_FILE=

11、9;4.ge1', DT_RESTART=60.00/&MESH ID='jianzhu', IJK=50,20,18, XB=0.00,20.00,-8.00,0.00,0.00,7.20/&REAC ID='REAC', C=3.00, H=8.00, O=0.00, N=0.00, CO_YIELD=0.0100, SOOT_YIELD=0.0300/&DEVC ID='1', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=3.00,3.00,-1.40,-1.40,0.00,3.6

12、0/&DEVC ID='10', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=7.00,7.00,-1.40,-1.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='11', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=10.00,10.00,-1.50,-1.50,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='12', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=14.00,14.00,-1.40,-1.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC

13、 ID='13', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=18.00,18.00,-1.40,-1.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='14', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=3.00,3.00,-6.40,-6.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='15', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=7.00,7.00,-6.40,-6.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='16&#

14、39;, QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=14.00,14.00,-6.40,-6.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='17', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=18.00,18.00,-6.40,-6.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='2', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=7.00,7.00,-1.40,-1.40,0.00,3.60/&DEVC ID='3', QUANTITY

15、='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=14.00,14.00,-1.40,-1.40,0.00,3.00/&DEVC ID='4', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=18.00,18.00,-1.40,-1.40,0.00,3.00/&DEVC ID='5', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=3.00,3.00,-6.40,-6.40,0.00,3.60/&DEVC ID='6', QUANTITY='LAYER HE

16、IGHT', XB=7.00,7.00,-6.40,-6.40,0.00,3.60/&DEVC ID='7', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=14.00,14.00,-6.40,-6.40,0.00,3.60/&DEVC ID='8', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=18.00,18.00,-6.40,-6.40,0.00,3.60/&DEVC ID='9', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=

17、3.00,3.00,-1.40,-1.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='z1', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=10.00,10.00,-4.00,-4.00,0.00,3.60/&DEVC ID='z2', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=10.00,10.00,-4.00,-4.00,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='TIMER', QUANTITY='TIME', XYZ=0.00,-8.00,0.00

18、, SETPOINT=30.00/&SURF ID='paiyan', COLOR='GRAY 80', VOLUME_FLUX=4.17/&SURF ID='fire', COLOR='RED', HRRPUA=1.0000000E003, TAU_Q=-146.00/&OBST XB=0.00,0.00,-8.00,0.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=20.00,20.00,-8.00,0.00,0.00,3.60, SUR

19、F_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,20.00,-8.00,-8.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,20.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,20.00,-3.20,-3.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=15.80,16.00,-8.00,-5.00,0.00,3.60,

20、SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,9.00,-5.00,-4.80,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.80,9.00,-8.00,-5.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=12.00,12.20,-8.00,-5.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=15.80,16.00,-3.00,0.00,0.00,3.6

21、0, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=5.00,5.20,-8.00,-5.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=12.00,12.20,-3.00,0.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.80,9.00,-3.00,0.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=5.00,5.20,-3.00,0.00,0.00,3.60

22、, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=9.00,10.42,-5.20,-5.00,0.00,0.1800, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=9.00,10.39,-5.40,-5.20,0.1800,0.3600, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=9.00,10.39,-5.60,-5.40,0.3600,0.54, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=9.00,10.41,-5.80,-5.

23、60,0.54,0.72, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.97,10.43,-6.00,-5.80,0.72,0.90, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.96,10.44,-6.20,-6.00,0.90,1.08, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.91,10.45,-6.40,-6.20,1.08,1.26, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.95,10.42,-6.60

24、,-6.40,1.26,1.44, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.99,10.42,-6.80,-6.60,1.44,1.62, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.99,10.44,-7.00,-6.80,1.62,1.80, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.96,12.07,-8.00,-7.00,1.62,1.80, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.57,12.03,

25、-7.00,-6.80,1.80,1.98, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.57,12.05,-6.80,-6.60,1.98,2.16, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.57,12.04,-6.60,-6.40,2.16,2.34, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.56,12.04,-6.40,-6.20,2.34,2.52, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.5

26、6,12.05,-6.20,-6.00,2.52,2.70, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.55,12.03,-6.00,-5.80,2.70,2.88, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.58,12.06,-5.80,-5.60,2.88,3.06, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.56,12.10,-5.60,-5.40,3.06,3.24, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST

27、 XB=10.56,12.07,-5.40,-5.20,3.24,3.42, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=12.00,20.00,-5.00,-4.80,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=5.00,5.20,-3.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,20.00,0.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='

28、GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,0.00,-8.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.80,9.00,-3.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=12.00,12.20,-3.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='G

29、RAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=15.80,16.00,-3.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=15.81,16.01,-8.00,-5.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=20.00,20.00,-8.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR=&#

30、39;GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=12.00,12.20,-8.00,-5.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=5.00,5.20,-8.00,-5.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,20.00,-3.20,-3.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR

31、='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=12.00,20.00,-5.00,-4.80,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,20.00,-8.00,-8.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.51,12.04,-5.20,-5.00,3.42,3.60,

32、SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.78,9.18,-8.00,-4.84,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,8.78,-4.84,-4.84,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.41,10.41,-6.94,-4.84,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'

33、/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,9.00,-8.00,0.00,3.42,3.60, RGB=255,255,153, SURF_ID='INERT'/ floor&OBST XB=9.00,12.00,-5.00,0.00,3.42,3.60, RGB=255,255,153, SURF_ID='INERT'/ floor&OBST XB=12.00,20.00,-8.00,0.00,3.42,3.60, RGB=255,255,153, SURF_ID='INERT'/ floor&OBST XB=0.

34、00,0.1000,-8.00,-7.50,6.60,7.10, COLOR='BLACK', SURF_ID6='INERT','paiyan','INERT','INERT','INERT','INERT', DEVC_ID='TIMER'/ paiyankou&OBST XB=5.20,6.00,-8.00,-7.50,0.00,0.50, RGB=236,0,0, SURF_IDS='fire','INERT','

35、;INERT'/ fire&HOLE XB=3.8800000E000,4.9000000E000,-3.3700000E000,-2.9700000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door1&HOLE XB=3.8800000E000,4.9000000E000,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door2&HOLE XB=7.7015777E000,8.6377410E000,-3.3700000E000,-2.9700000E000,0.

36、0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door3&HOLE XB=7.7058740E000,8.6411837E000,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door4&HOLE XB=1.2403641E001,1.3239744E001,-3.3279634E000,-2.9279634E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door5&HOLE XB=1.2385835E001,1.3339803E001,-5.0500000E000,-4

37、.6500000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door6&HOLE XB=1.6100000E001,1.7100000E001,-3.2500000E000,-2.8500000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door7&HOLE XB=1.612021 0E001,1.7140000E001,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door8&HOLE XB=3.8800000E000,4.9000000E000,-

38、3.3500000E000,-2.9500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door9&HOLE XB=7.7056094E000,8.6321708E000,-3.3500000E000,-2.9500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door10&HOLE XB=1.2394505E001,1.3234900E001,-3.3500000E000,-2.9500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door11&HOLE XB=1.612021 0E0

39、01,1.7140000E001,-3.3500000E000,-2.9500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door12&HOLE XB=1.612021 0E001,1.7140000E001,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door13&HOLE XB=1.2383877E001,1.3341888E001,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door14&

40、HOLE XB=7.7055750E000,8.6356875E000,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door15&HOLE XB=3.8800000E000,4.9000000E000,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door16&HOLE XB=8.9999304E000,1.2021 000E001,-3.3000000E000,-2.8002021 E000,0.0000000E000,3.4202

41、1 00E000/ door17&HOLE XB=9.5000000E000,1.1500000E001,-1.0000000E-001,0.0000000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door18&SLCF QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='carbon monoxide', PBY=-4.00/&SLCF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', PBY=-4.00/&SLCF QUANTITY='VISIBILITY&

42、#39;, PBY=-4.00/&SLCF QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='carbon monoxide', PBZ=2.00/&SLCF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', PBZ=2.00/&SLCF QUANTITY='VISIBILITY', PBZ=2.00/&SLCF QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='carbon monoxide', PBZ=5.60/&am

43、p;SLCF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', PBZ=5.60/&SLCF QUANTITY='VISIBILITY', PBZ=5.60/&TAIL /Evacnet 輸入文件：ENWP1.1,12,13WP2.1,12,13WP3.1,12,13WP4.1,12,13WP5.1,12,13WP6.1,12,13WP7.1,12,WP8.1,12,13HA2.1,28HA1.1,31LA1.1,13LO1.1,16WP1.2,15,14WP2.2,15,14WP3.2,15,14WP4.2,15,14WP5.2,15,14WP6

44、.2,15,14WP7.2,15,14WP8.2,15,14HA1.2,31HA2.2,28SW1.2,15LA1.2,13DS1.1ENDEALO1.1-DS1.1,6,1LA1.1-LO1.1,11,1HA1.1-LA1.1,6,2HA2.1-LA1.1,6,2SW1.2-LA1.1,7,2WP1.1-HA1.1,3,1WP2.1-HA1.1,3,1WP3.1-HA2.1,3,1WP4.1-HA2.1,3,1WP5.1-HA1.1,3,1WP6.1-HA1.1,3,1WP7.1-HA2.1,3,1WP8.1-HA2.1,3,1LA1.2-SW1.2,7,2HA1.2-LA1.2,6,2HA

45、2.2-LA1.2,6,2WP1.2-HA1.2,3,1WP2.2-HA1.2,3,1WP3.2-HA2.2,3,1WP4.2-HA2.2,3,1WP5.2-HA1.2,3,1WP6.2-HA1.2,3,1WP7.2-HA2.2,3,1WP8.2-HA2.2,3,1END 教師見習報告總結期待已久的見習已經結束了，在龍巖三中高中部見習聽課，雖然只是短短的兩個星期，但感觸還是蠻深的，以前作為一名學生坐在課室聽課，和現在作為一名準教師坐在課室聽課是完全不同的感受，感覺自己學到了一些在平時課堂上學不到的東西。在這里，我獲得的不僅是經驗上的收獲，更多是教學管理，課堂教學等的理念，以及他們帶給我的種種思

46、考。教育見習實踐過程：聽課。教育見習的主要目的是讓學生在指導教師的引導下，觀摩教師上課方法、技巧等。聽課是教育見習的主要內容。我院規定在一周的見習中需完成至少6課的見習任務。我在教師的安排指導下，分別對高一、高二物理專業課型為主，其他課型齊頭的方式，積極主動的完成了聽課任務，收到良好的效果。我聽的第一節課是高二（8）班，這是一個平衡班，水平不如實驗班高。在上課前。科任老師已經跟我說了這個班的紀律是比較差的，而且成績也不是很好。在我聽課期間，確實有幾個學生在課堂上說話，但是我發現了一個有趣的現象，這個現象我在往后的幾個班都發現了，就是絕大部分的學生的學習熱情都好高漲，積極舉手發言，積極參與課堂活動。我跟老師們提起這個現象的時候，科任老師就跟我說，一個班里不可能所有的學生都能全神貫注地聽完一節課，所以作為一名教師，應該想辦法吸引學生的注意力，調動的積極性，比如可以以小組為單位，以搶答計分的形式調動學生的積極性，這樣課堂氣氛就會活躍起來了。在為期兩周的見習工作中，我真的有很大的感觸，我第一次感受到自己已經從一名學生向一名教師靠近，走在校園里，每當有學生叫我一聲老師，我在感到無比自豪的同時，還感受到了自己的責任。見習工作結束了，我要回到學校繼續我的學習了，但是我會好好記住我從*中學學到