1、word人體解剖學英漢名詞對照表注：用星號*標注的名詞為最常用的詞匯，必須熟記掌握一、總論解剖學分類(ClassificationofAnatomy)anatomy解剖學humananatomy,anthropotomy人類解剖學systematicanatomy系統解剖學regional(topographic)anatomy,topology局部解剖學gross(macroscopic)anatomy大體解剖學,巨視解剖學microscopicanatomy顯微解剖學macro-microscopicanatomy巨-微解剖學sectionalanatomy斷面解剖學pathologica

2、l(morbid)anatomy病理解剖學neuroanatomy神經解剖學chemicalneuroanatomy化學解剖學developmentalanatomy發生(或發育)histologicanatomy組織解剖學histology組織學embryology月不胎學anthropology人類學二一般解剖學術語(GeneralAnatomicalTerms)dissection,dissect(v.)解剖，解剖標本normality,normal(a.)正常abnormality,abnormal異常variation變異deformity,malformation畸形specime

3、n標本model模型三方位術語(PositionalTerms)1 .anatomicalposition解剖學姿勢2 .方位術語(termsofdirection)superior,upper上inferior,lower下anterior前側posterior后側ventral(dorsal)月fi(背)側medial(lateral)內(外)側intermediate中間internal,interior,inner,inside內external,exterior,outer,outside外superficial淺deep,profound深proximal(distal)近(遠)側

4、ulnar(radial)尺(梯)側1/38wordtibial(fibular)脛(腓)側palmar掌側plantar足底left左right右middle中median正中3 .軸和面(AxesandPlanes)axis(pl.axes),axial(a.)軸vertical(perpendicular)axis,longitudinalaxis垂直軸，縱軸coronal(frontal)axis冠(額)狀軸sagittalaxis矢狀軸plane(平)面horizontal(transverse)plane水平面,橫平面coronal(frontal)plane冠(額)狀面sagit

5、talplane矢狀面mediansagittalplane正中矢狀面transversesection橫切面longitudinalsection縱切面四人體的分部和分區(ToponymandZonationoftheHumanbody)1 .頭(Head)head頭(的)Skull,craniun,cranial(a.)顱front,frontal,region額區perietalregion頂區occiput,occipitalregion枕區Face,facial(a.)面orbit,orbitalregion眶區nose,nasalregion鼻區mouth,oralregion口區

6、chin,mentalregion頜區ear,auditoryregion耳區2 .頸(Neck)neck,collum,cervical&jugular(a.)頸anteriorregionofneck,anteriorofneck頸前區carotidtriangle頸動脈三角musculartriangle肌三角，肩胛舌骨肌氣管三角sternocleidomastoidregion胸鎖孚L突肌區supraclaviculartriangle鎖骨上三角posteriorregionofneck,nuchalregion頸2/38word后區，項區nape,nucha,nuchal(a

7、.)項rootofneck頸根部3 .軀干(Trunk)trunk,truncus軀干Mediananteriorline前正中線sternalline胸骨線parasternalline胸骨旁線midclavicularline鎖骨中線anterior(posterior)axillaryline腋前(后)線midaxillaryline腋中線scapularline肩月甲線medianposteriorline后正中線Back,dorsal背vertebralregion脊柱區sacralregion能區scapularregion肩月甲下區lumbarregion腰Chest,thora

8、x,thoracic(a.)胸sternalregion胸骨(前)區infraclavicularfossa鎖骨下窩Abdomen,abdominal(a.)腹Hypochondriac季肋區epigastricregion腹上區lateralregionofabdomem腹夕卜側區umbilicalregion臍區inguinalregion,iliacregion,腹股溝區，骼區inguinaltriangle腹股溝三角，海氏三角pubicregion,hypogastricregion恥區，腹下區Pelvis,pelvic(a.)盆部Perineum,perineal(a.)會陰anal

9、region肛區urogenitalregion尿生殖區4.四肢(Limbs)limbs,extremities四肢Upperlimbs(extremities)上肢Shoulder肩axilla,axillaryregion腋區Freeupperlimb自由上肢arm,brachial(a.)臂anterior(posterior)brachialregion臂前3/38word(后)區elbow,cubital,(a.)肘forearm,antebrachial(a.)前臂anterior(posterior)antebrachialregion前臂前(后)區hand,manual(a.)

10、手wrist,carpal(a.)腕palm,palmar,metacarpal(a.)掌back(palm)ofhand手背(掌)finger,digital(a.)手指thumb拇指indexfinger示指middlefinger中指ringfinger環指littlefinger小指Lowerlimb下肢hip,coxal(a.)ffibuttock,glutealregion臀區Freelowerlimb自由下肢anterior(posterior)regionofthigh股前(后)區femoraltriangle股三角medialregionofthigh股內側區knee,gen

11、iculate(a.)膝anterior(posterior)regionofknee膝前(后)區leg,crural(a.)小腿anterior(posterior)cruralregion小腿前(后)區foot,pedal(a.)足dorsumoffoot足背sole,planta(pl.plantae)足底toes足趾greattoe足母趾二、各章解剖學詞匯*(一)運動系統(LootorSystem)1.骨學(Osteology)1概述osteology骨學*bone,bony骨skeleton,skletal(a.)骨骼long(short,flat)bone長(短，扁)骨irregu

12、larbone不規如此骨4/38wordpneumaticbone含氣骨sesamoidbone籽骨，shaft,diaphysis骨干，骨體bony(osseous)substance骨質pact(spongy)bone骨密(松)質trabeculae骨小梁periosteum(夕卜)膜endosteum骨內膜medullary髓腔red(yellow)bonemarrow紅(黃)骨髓2中軸骨骼(AxialSkeleton)軀干骨(BonesofTrunk)* Vertebral(spinel)column脊柱* vertebralcanal椎管intervertebralforamen椎間

13、孔cervical(thoracic,lumbar,sacral)curvature頸(胸，腰，能)曲vertebra(pl.vertebrae)椎骨vertebralbody(arch)椎體(弓)pedicleofvertebralarch椎弓根laminaofvertebralarch椎弓板vertebralforamen椎孑Lspinousprocess棘突transverseprocess橫突superior(inferior)articularprocess上(下)關節突cervicalvertebrae頸椎atlas寰椎axis樞椎prominentvertebrae隆椎thora

14、cicvertebrae胸椎lumbarvertebrae腰椎sacrum,sacralbone能骨coccyx尾骨thoraciccavity胸腔superior(inferior)apertureofthorax胸廓上下口costalarch肋弓intercostalsspace肋間隙infrasternalangle胸骨下角*ribs,costa(costae)肋*sternum胸骨Sternalmanubrium胸骨柄Sternalangle(body)胸骨角(體)5/38wordXiphoidprocess劍突顱骨(skull)cerebralcranium腦顱cranialcavi

15、ty顱月空calvaria顱蓋pterion翼點jugularforamen頸靜脈孑Linternalsurfaceofbaseofskull顱底內面anterior(middle,posterior)cranialfossa顱前中，后)窩facialcranium面顱orbit眶bonynasalcavity骨性鼻月空piriformaperture,anteriornasalaperture梨狀孑L,鼻前孑Lposteriornasalaperture鼻后孔bonyseptumofnose骨鼻中隔superior(middle,inferior)meatusofnose上(中，下)鼻道te

16、mporalfossa地窩zugomaticarch弓infratemporalfossa地下窩pterygopalatinefossa翼腭窩cranialfontaelles顱岡anterior(posterior)fontanelle前(后)岡anterolateral(posterolateral)fontanelle前(后)外側岡cranialbones腦顱骨occipitalbone枕骨largeforamenofoccipitalbone枕骨大孔externaloccipitalprotuberance枕夕卜隆凸superior(inferior)nuchalline上(下)項線s

17、ulcusfortransversesinus,transversesulcus橫竇溝sphenoidbone蝶骨hypophysealfossa垂體窩opticcanal視神經管round(oval,spinous)foramen圓(卵圓，棘)孑Ltemporalbone顆骨petrouspart巖部mastoidprocess孚L突carotidcanal頸動脈管tympanictegmen鼓室蓋arcuateeminence弓狀隆起trigeminalimpression三叉神經壓跡internalacousticpore(port)內耳門internalacousticmeatus(c

18、anal)內耳道6/38wordjugularfossa頸靜脈窩styloidprocess莖突stylomastoidforamen莖乳孔facialcanal面神經管externalacousticpore(canal)外耳門(道)parietal,parietalbone頂骨parietaltuber(foramen)頂結節(孔)frontalbone額骨frontalsquama(tuber)額鱗(結節)superciliaryarch眉弓supraorbitalnotch(foramen)眶上切跡fossaforlacrimalgland淚腺窩ethmoidbone篩骨cribrif

19、ormplate(foramen)篩板(孔)facialbones面顱骨inferiornasalconcha下鼻甲lacrimalbone淚骨nasalbone鼻骨vomer梨骨* maxilla上頜骨palatinebone腭骨zygomaticboneW!骨* mandible下頜骨ramous(angle)ofmandible下頜支(角)masseterictuberosity咬肌粗隆coronoidprocess冠突condylarprocess牌突hyoidbone舌骨3附肢骨骼(Appendicularskeleton)shouldergirdle上肢帶骨，肩帶骨scapula肩

20、月甲骨acromion肩峰superior(medial,lateral)border上(下，夕卜側)緣coracoidprocess喙突superior(inferior,lateral)angle上(下，夕卜側)角glenoidcavity關節盂* clavicle鎖骨bonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨* Humerus肱骨headofhumerus肱骨頭anatomical(surgical)neck解剖(夕卜科)頸greater(lesser)tubercle大(小)結節crestofgreater(lesser)tubercle大(小)結節崎sulcus(groove

21、)forradialn.模神經溝7/38worddeltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆trochleaofhumerus肱骨滑車olecranon(coronoid,radial)fossa鷹口舞(冠突，梯)窩medial(lateral)epicondyle內(外)上牌sulcusforulnarnerve尺神經溝* radius椎骨head(neck)ofradius模骨頭(頸)articularcircumference環狀關節面radialtuberosity椎骨粗隆interosseousborder骨間緣styloidprocess莖突ulnalnotch尺切跡carpala

22、rticularsurface腕關節面* uana尺骨olecranon鷹嘴coronoidprocess冠突ulnaltuberosity尺骨粗隆trochleal(radial)notch滑車(梯)切跡headofulna尺骨頭bonesofhand手骨carpalbones腕骨scaphoidbone手舟骨lunatebone月骨triangularbone三角骨pisiformbone豌豆骨trapeziumbone大多角骨trapezoidbone小多角骨capitatebone頭狀骨hamatebone鉤骨hamulus(hook)ofhamatebone鉤骨鉤Metacarpal

23、bones掌骨phalanges(bones)offingers指骨proximal(middle,distal)phalanx近(中,遠)指(或趾)骨下肢骨(Bonesoflowerlimb)pelvicgirdle下肢帶骨，盆帶骨* hipbone髓骨acetabulum髓臼acetabularfossa(notch)髓臼窩(切跡)obturatorforamen閉孔* Ilium骼骨body(ala)ofilium骼骨體(翼)arcuateline弓狀線iliaccrest骼崎Tubercle骼結節8/38wordAnteriorsuperior(inferior)iliacspine骼

24、前上(下)棘Posteriorsuperior(inferior)iliacspine骼后上(下)棘Iliacfossa骼窩Auricularsurface耳狀面Iliactuberosity骼粗隆* Ischium坐骨Greater(lesser)sciaticnotch坐骨大(小)切跡* Pubis恥骨Symphsialsurface恥骨聯合面superior(inferior)ramusofpubis恥骨上下支ililopubiceminence骼恥隆起pectenofpubis恥骨梳bonesoffreelowerlimb自由下肢骨* femur股骨foveaoffemoralhead

25、股骨頭凹head(neck)offemur股骨頭(頸)greater(lesser)trochanter大小轉子intertrochantericline轉子間線intertrochantericcrest轉子間崎lineaaspera,roughlineoffemur粗線pectinealline恥骨肌線glutealtuberosity臀肌粗隆poplitealsurface胭面medial(lateral)condyle內(外)側懶adductortubercle收肌結節intercondylarfossa牌間窩medial(lateral)epicondyle內外上牌patella前骨

26、* tibia脛骨intercondylareminence牌間隆起shaft(tuberosity)oftibia脛骨體粗隆solealline比目魚肌線medial(lateral)malleolus內外懶Fibula,perone腓骨bonesoffoot足骨tarsalbones附骨talus距骨calcaneus品艮骨navicularbone足舟骨medialcuneiformbone內側楔骨lateralcuneiformbone中間楔骨intermediatecuneiformbone內側楔骨cuboidbone骰骨metatarsalbones跖骨9/38wordphalan

27、ges(bones)oftoes趾骨2 .關節學(arthrology)1概述synosteology關節學，關節解剖學articulation連結，關節joint關節，連結synovialjoints滑膜關節fibrous纖維連結syndesmosis韌帶連結suture縫cartilaginousjoints軟骨連結synchondrosis(pl.synchondroses)透明軟骨)結合symphysis(pl.symphyses)纖維軟骨)聯合synostosis(pl.synostosessynosteosis滑性結合articularsurface(cavity)關節面(月空)a

28、rticulardisk關節盤articularlabrum關節唇articularcapsule關節囊fibrouslayer(membrane)纖維層，纖維膜synoviallayer(membrane)滑膜層，滑膜synovialfold(villi)滑膜裳synovialfluid滑液ligament(lig.)韌帶extracapsularlig.囊外韌帶intracapsularlig.囊內韌帶Action動作，作用flexion,flexor(m.),flex(v.)屈extension,extensor(m.),extense(v.)伸adduction,addutor(m.)

29、,adduct(v.)收abduction,abdutor(m.),abduct(v.)展Medial(lateral)rotation旋內(外)pronation,pronator(m.),pronate(v.)旋前supination,supinator(m.),supinate(v.)旋后circumduction環轉運動2中軸骨骼的連結(JointsoftheAxialSkeleton)vertebraljoints椎骨連結yellowlig.黃韌帶ionterspinouslig.棘間韌帶intertransverselig.橫突間韌帶supraspinouslig.棘上韌帶Inte

30、rvertebralsymphysis椎間聯合interverbraldiscs椎間盤Fibrousrings纖維環Pulpiformnucleus髓核10/38wordAnteriorlongitudinal前縱韌帶Posteriorlongitudinal前后韌帶Zygapophysialjoint關節突關節Lumbosacraljoint腰能連結Costovertebraljoints肋椎關節Jointofcostalhead肋頭關節Costotransversejoint肋橫突關節Sternocostaljoints胸肋關節Cranialsuture顱縫Coronal(sagittal

31、)suture冠矢狀縫Lambdoidsuture人字縫Synchondrosesofcranium顱結合Temporomandibularjoint題下頜關節3附肢骨骼的連結(JointsoftheAppendicularSkeleton)jointsofshouldergirdle上肢帶連結coracoacromiallig.喙間韌帶Coracoclavicularlig.喙鎖韌帶Acromioclavicularjoint肩鎖關節Sternoclavicularjoint胸鎖關節Jointsoffreeupperlimb自由上肢連結Shoulderjoint肩關節Elbowjoint肘關

32、節Humeroulnarjoint肱尺關節Humeroradialjoint肱梯關節Jointsofhand手關節Radiocarpaljoint,wristjoint模腕關節，腕關節Intercarpaljoints腕骨間關節Carpometacarpaljoints腕掌關節Carpometacarpaljointofthumb拇指腕掌關節Intermetacarpaljoints掌骨間關節Metacarpophalangealjoints掌指關節Interphalangealjointsofhand指骨間關節Jointsofpelvicgirdle下肢帶連結Pubicsymphysis恥骨

33、聯合Interpubicdisc恥骨間盤Obturatormembrane閉孔膜Sacroiliacjoints能骼關節Sacrotuberouslig.能結節韌帶Greater(lesser)sciaticforamen坐骨大(小)孑LPelvis骨盆Terminalline界限Greater(lesser)pelvis大小骨盆Superior(posterior)pelvicaperture骨盆上下口Pubicarch恥骨弓11/38wordSubpubicangle恥骨下角Pelviccavity骨盆腔Jointsoffreelowerlimb自由下肢連結Hipjoint髓關節Trans

34、verseacetabularlig.髓臼橫韌帶Ligamentofheadoffemur股骨頭韌帶Kneejoint膝關節Medial(lateral)meniscus內外側半月板Transverselig.ofknee膝橫韌帶Anteriorcruciatelig.前交叉韌帶Posteriorcruciatelig.后交叉韌帶Fibular(tibial)collaterallig.腓(脛)側副韌帶Ligamentofpatella他韌帶Tibiofibularjoint脛腓關節Tibiofibularsyndesmosis脛腓連結Cruralinterosseousmembrane小腿骨

35、間膜Jointsoffoot足關節talocruraljoint,anklejoint距小腿關節，踝關節intertarsaljoints附骨間關節subtalarjoint,talocalcanealjoint總巨下關節，總巨品艮關節transversetarsaljoint的橫關節talocalcaneonavicularjoint距跟舟關節tarsometatarsaljoint附跖關節intermetatarsaljoints跖骨間關節metatarsophalangealjoint跖趾關節interphalangealjointsoffoot跖骨間關節archoffoot,tarso

36、metatarsalarch足弓,附跖弓medial(lateral)longitudinalarch內(外)側縱弓transversearch橫弓3 .肌學(myology)1概述muscle(m.)肌肉cardiacmuscle心肌smoothmuscle平滑肌skeletalmuscle骨骼肌long(short,broad,flat)muscle長(短，闊，扁)肌orbicularmuscle輪匝肌sphincter括約肌dilator,dilatator開大肌venter(belly)肌腹tendon腱aponeurosis腱膜origin起點，固定點insertion止點，動點12

37、/38wordaccessory(subservient)structure輔助結構tendinoussheath腱鞘synovialsheathoftendon滑膜腱鞘fascia筋膜superficial(deep)fascia淺(深)筋膜synovialbursa滑膜囊subcutaneoustissue(fat)皮下組織(月旨肪)2軀干肌(MusclesofTrunk)musclesofback背肌trapeziusm.斜方肌broadestm.ofback背闊肌erectorspinalm.豎脊肌musclesofneck頸肌platysmam.頸闊肌sternocleidomast

38、oidm.胸鎖孚L突肌anterior(middle,posterior)scalenem.前中后斜角肌scalenefissure斜角肌suprahyoidmuscles舌骨上肌群infrahyoidmuscles舌骨下肌群thoracicm.胸肌greater(lesser)pectoralm.胸大(小)肌anteriorserratusm.前鋸肌thoracicproperm.胸固有肌externalintercostalm.肋間外肌internalintercostalm.肋間內肌external(internal)intercostalsmembrane肋間外(內)膜transver

39、sem.ofthorax胸橫肌intimateintercostalm.肋間最內肌*diaphragm月鬲centraltendon中心腱aortichiatus主動脈裂孔esophagealhiatus食管裂孔hiatusofvenacave月空靜裂孑Labdominalm.腹肌abdominalrectusm.,straightm.ofabdomen腹直肌sheathofrectusm.腹直肌鞘external(internal)obliquem.ofabdomen腹夕卜(內)斜肌inguinallig.腹股溝韌帶superficial(deep)inguinalring腹股溝淺環tran

40、sversem.ofabdomen腹橫肌inguinalcanal腹股溝管2頭肌(MusclesofHead)Facialm.面肌epicranialm.顱頂肌13/38wordoccipitofrontalm.枕額肌frontal(occipital)belly額(枕)腹epicranialaponeurosis,galeaaponeurotica帽狀腱膜orbicuaalm.ofeye眼輪匝肌orbicularm.ofmouth口輪匝肌3上月皮肌(MusclesofUpperLimb)musclesofshouldergirdle上肢帶肌，肩帶肌musclesofarm臂肌brachial

41、biceps(triceps)m.肱二(三)頭肌anconeusm.肘肌radial(ulnar)flexorm.ofwrist模(尺)側腕屈肌superficial(deep)fleaorm.offingers指淺(深)屈肌longflexorm,ofthumb拇長屈肌quadratepronatorm.brachioradialis旋前方肌brachioradialm.,brachioradialis肱梯肌long(short)radialextensorcarpalm.梯側腕長(短)伸肌extensorm.offingers指伸肌extensorm.oflesserfinger小指伸肌u

42、lnarextensorm.ofwrist尺側腕伸肌supinatorm.旋后肌longabductor(extensor)m.ofthumb拇長展(伸)肌shortextensorm.ofthumb拇短伸肌extensorm.ofindexfinger示指伸肌musclesofhand手肌shortabductor(flexor)m.ofthumb拇短展(屈)肌opposingm.ofthumb拇對掌肌abductor(opposing)m.oflittlefinger小指展(對掌)肌lumbrricalm.蚓狀肌palmar(dorsal)interosseousm骨間掌(背)側肌14下肢肌(musclesoflowerlimb)musclesofhip髓肌greatest(middle,least)glutealm臀大(中，小)肌tensorm.ofbroadfasci