1、PabloPicassoPabloPicassc(25October1881-8April1973)wasaSpanishpainter,sculptor,printmaker,ceramicist,stagedesigner,poetandplaywrightwhospentmostofhisadultlifeinFrance.Regardedasoneofthemostinfluentialartistsofthe20thcentury,heisknownforco-foundingtheCubistmovement(立體派運動),theinventionofconstructedscul

2、pture,theco-inventionofcollage,andforthewidevarietyofstylesthathehelpeddevelopandexplore.Amonghismostfamousworksaretheproto-Cubist,LesDemoisellesdAvignon(亞維農的少女，1907),andGuernica(各爾尼卡，1937),adramaticportrayalofthebombingofGuernicabytheGermanandItalianairforces.?Picassosworkisoftencategorizedintoperi

3、ods.Whilethenamesofmanyofhislaterperiodsaredebated,themostcommonlyacceptedperiodsinhisworkaretheBluePeriod(1901T904),theRosePeriod(1904906),theAfrican-influencedPeriod(1907T909),andSyntheticCubism(19121919),alsoreferredtoastheCrystalperiodMuchofPicassosworkofthelate1910sandearly1920sisinaneoclassica

4、lstyle,andhisworkinthemid-1920softenhascharacteristicsofSurrealism.Hislaterworkoftencombineselementsofhisearlierstyles.Career,BluePeriod:1901T904藍色時期 RosePeriod:1904T906玫瑰時期 Africanartandprimitivism:1907T909非洲藝術與原始主義 Syntheticcubism:1912-1919綜合立體畫派 Neoclassicismandsurrealism:1919T929新古典主義和超現實主義Andto

5、day,IllmainlyfollowtheseimportantperiodsofPicassoslife,introducingthisBefore1900Picassostrainingunderhisfatherbeganbefore1890.HisprogresscanbetracedinthecollectionofearlyworksnowheldbytheMuseuPicassoinBarcelona,whichprovidesoneofthemostcomprehensiverecordsextantofanymajorartistsbeginnings.By1894hisc

6、areerasapaintercanbesaidtohavebegun.In1897,hisrealismbegantoshowaSymbolistinfluence,forexample,inaseriesoflandscapepaintingsrenderedinnon-naturalisticvioletandgreentones.PicassomadehisfirsttriptoParis,theartcapitalofEurope,in1900.There,hemethisfirstParisianfriend,journalistandpoetMaxJacob,whohelpedP

7、icassolearnthelanguage.Theseweretimesofseverepoverty,cold,anddesperation.BluePeriod:1901-1904PicassosBluePeriod(1901T904),characterizedbysombrepaintingsrenderedinshadesofblueandblue-green,onlyoccasionallywarmedbyothercolours,beganeitherinSpaininearly1901,orinParisinthesecondhalfoftheyear.Manypaintin

8、gsofgauntmotherswithchildrendatefromtheBluePeriod.Prostitutesandbeggarsarefrequentsubjects.PicassowasinfluencedbyatripthroughSpainandbythesuicideofhisfriendCarlosCasagemas.RosePeriod:1904T906TheRosePeriod（1904-1906）ischaracterizedbyalightertoneandstyleutilizingorangeandpinkcolours,andfeaturingmanyci

9、rcuspeople（馬戲團的人）,acrobats（雜技3寅員）andharlequins（丑角）knowninFranceassaltimbanques.Theharlequin,acomediccharacterusuallydepictedincheckeredpatternedclothing,becameapersonalsymbolforPicasso.PicassometFernandeOlivier,abohemianartistwhobecamehismistress,inParisin1904.OlivierappearsinmanyofhisRosePeriodpain

10、tings,manyofwhichareinfluencedbyhiswarmrelationshipwithher,inadditiontohisincreasedexposuretoFrenchpainting.Africanartandprimitivism:1907-1909PicassosAfrican-influencedPeriod（1907-1909）beginswithhispaintingLesDemoisellesdAvignon.PicassopaintedthiscompositioninastyleinspiredbyIberian（伊比利亞）sculpture.I

11、deasdevelopedduringthisperiodleaddirectlyintotheCubistperiod.Syntheticcubism:1912T919Syntheticcubism（1912-1919）wasafurtherdevelopmentofthegenreofcubism,inwhichcutpaperfragments-oftenwallpaperorportionsofnewspaperpageswerepastedintocompositions,markingthefirstuseofcollageinfineart.Between1915and1917,

12、PicassobeganaseriesofpaintingsdepictinghighlygeometricandminimalistCubistobjects,consistingofeitherapipe,aguitaroraglass,withanoccasionalelementofcollage.Hard-edgedsquare-cutdiamonds,notesarthistorian（藝術史學家）JohnRichardson：thesegemsdonotalwayshaveupsideordownside.AttheoutbreakofWorldWarIinAugust1914,

13、PicassowaslivinginAvignon.Duringthewar,Picassowasabletocontinuepaintinguninterrupted,unlikehisFrenchcomrades.Hispaintingsbecamemoresombreandhislifechangedwithdramaticconsequences.Neoclassicismandsurrealism:1919-1929InFebruary1917,PicassomadehisfirsttriptoItaly.IntheperiodfollowingtheupheavalofWorldW

14、arI,Picassoproducedworkinaneoclassicalstyle.ThisreturntoorderisevidentintheworkofmanyEuropeanartistsinthe1920s.PicassospaintingsanddrawingsfromthisperiodfrequentlyrecalltheworkofRaphael（拉斐爾）andIngres（支格爾）.GuernicaPicassosmostfamousworkishisdepictionoftheGermanbombingofGuernicaduringtheSpanishCivilWa

15、r-Guernica.Itembodiesformanytheinhumanity,brutalityandhopelessnessofwar.Thepainting,whichusesapaletteofgray,black,andwhite,isregardedbymanyartcriticsasoneofthemostmovingandpowerfulanti-warpaintingsinhistory.LaColombe（TheDove）Picassdslithograph（版畫）,LaColombe（TheDove）,atraditional,realisticpictureofap

16、igeon,withoutanolivebranch,waschosenastheemblem象征）fortheWorldPeaceCongressinParisinApril1949.ThedovebecameasymbolforthepeacemovementandtheidealsoftheCommunistPartyandwasusedinCommunistdemonstrationsoftheperiod.（PicassojoinedtheFrenchCommunistPartyin1944,attendedaninternationalpeaceconferenceinPolandandin1950receivedtheStalinPeacePrizefromtheSovietgovernment.）Atthe1950WorldPeaceCongress（世界和平大會）inSheffield（謝菲爾德）,Picas