1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上 現在完成時（I） 第八單元語法知識定義：（1）表示過去發生或已經發生的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,這個影響和結果對現在還必須存在.常與already(已經), yet(已經,還), just(剛剛),ever(曾經)，never等詞連用.already: 常用于肯定句或疑問句（均表示：已經）. yet: 常用于否定句(表示：還、尚),疑問句末尾（表示：已經）. 現在完成時的構成及句型結構：（注：過去分詞的變化分規則變化與不規則變化，規則變化與動詞原形變過去式一樣，不規則變化見教材137頁）1.肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞 +其他+時間. eg: I ha

2、ve already lost the key. 我已經弄丟了鑰匙. (我現在沒有鑰匙)He has ever read that book . 他曾經看過這本書. (了解書的內容)They have just cleaned their hands. 他們剛剛洗過手了. (手是干凈的)2.否定句：主語+havent/ hasnt+過去分詞+其他+時間.eg: I havent lost the key yet. He hasnt ever read that book . They havent just cleaned their hands.3.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分

3、詞+其他+時間？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主語+have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主語+havent/hasnt. eg: Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they havent.4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他+時間？eg: What have you al

4、ready done? （done是do/does的過去分詞）What has he ever done? What have they just done?定義：(2)現在完成時表示從過去開始一直持續到現在還有可能繼續持續下去的動作或狀態。常與for, since引導的時間短語或從句連用. for+表示一段時間的詞組； since+過去某一時間點的詞組或一般過去式的句子.eg: She has learned English for 5 years. （她已經學習五年英語了）解釋：一直在學，持續了五年，并且還可能持續學下去.He has lived in Beijing since he w

5、as born . （自從他出生以后就居住在北京）解釋：從出生后就一直住在北京，持續到現在，還有可能一直住下去）Have you stayed here since 3 oclock? （自從3點后你就一直呆在這兒嗎？）例題：選用for和since填空:1. We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2. His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.3. The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4. Mr. Green has worked here _ he came

6、 to China.5. His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.7.I have already had dinner. （否定） I _ _ dinner _.8. Mum has cooked the dinner. Mum _ _ the dinner.9. Susan has learned English at school. Susan_ _English at school.10. I have already had dinner. （提問） _

7、 _ _ _ _?11. He has just finished his homework. _ _ _ _ _?12. Susan has learned English at school. _ _ _ _ _?13. Mum has cooked the dinner. _ _ _ _ _?(3) 現在完成時與一般過去時的區別：現在完成時屬于現在時態的范圍，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday,last night, three weeks ago, in1990等. 一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態，和現在不發生關系。一般過去時就可以和與表示過去的時間狀語連用.eg:

8、I have already seen the film. （現在完成時，已經看了這部電影，并且知道電影的內容）I saw the film last week. （一般過去式，因為后面有表示過去的時間狀語last week） He has lived here since 1993. (現在完成時，后面有since引導的時間狀語從句)He lived here in 1993. （一般過去時，1993年住在這兒，現在沒住在這兒了）例題：1. _ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that already. 2. When _ you _(do) it?

9、We _(do) it an hour ago.3. _ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. 4. When _ he _(see) it? He_ it last week.5. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 6. Mr. Chen _(give)up smoking last year.7. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. 現在完成時（II） 第九單元語法知識1. 構成：含有

10、be動詞的現在完成時的謂語部分由 “have/has+ been+ to+地點”構成，表示：曾經去過某地 (been是be的過去分詞，不規則變化)2. 基本句型：(1)肯定句：主語+have/has+ been+ to+地點. eg: I have been to Australia. They have been to Beijing. He has been to South Africa.(2)否定句： 主語+havent/hasnt+ been+ to+地點. eg: I havent been to Australia. They havent been to Beijing. He

11、 hasnt been to South Africa.(3)一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+been + to+ 地點？肯定回答：Yes, 主語+ have/has. 否定回答：主語+havent/ hasnt. eg: Have you been to Australia? Yes, I have. No. I havent. Have they been to Beijing? Yes, they have. No, they havent. Has he been to South Africa? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（4）特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+h

12、ave/has+ 主語+ been? eg: Where have you been? Where have they been? Where has he been?3.用法：用來表示之前已經發生和完成度的動作與狀態，其結果卻和現在有聯系.動作和結果發生在過去，但它的影響現在還在.可以和never, ever, once, twice, three/fourtimes 等副詞連用.eg: They have been to Chongqing twice. I have never been to Sichuan. Has she ever been to Hainan?3. 區別：(1).

13、 have/ has been to+地點 表示：曾經去過某地，已經回來了(2). have/ has gone to+地點 表示： 去了某地，還沒有回來eg: She has been to Shanghai. （她去過上海，已經回來了） She has gone to Shanghai. （她去了上海，還沒有回來）(3). have been in表示“在某地呆了多少時間”，常與時間段狀語連用eg: I have been in Shanghai for three years我到上海已有三年了。He has been in London for half a month他來倫敦已有半個月

14、了。(4). have been on 表示“已經開始了多久 表示持續性”eg: The film has been on for ten minutes. 電影已經開始了10分鐘了。例題：1.Where is your brother?He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to America?Yes, I _ New York twice.3. David _ Australia. Im sure he has already arrived.4. Is Benny here?No, he _ the school library

15、. He left five minutes ago.4. Mike and his parents _ the south for half a year.6. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.7. You cant find him. He_ Xian.8. Mr. Zhang _ this school for ten years. He knows everyone here.9. Miss. Brown _ China three times.10. I _ the West lake, Look, I have taken many p

16、hotos of it .11. Tom _ Jims home, but he hasnt come back.12. We _ the bookshop and bought many books. 13. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. 現在完成時（III） 第十單元語法知識動詞按其動作發生的方式，發生過程的長短可分為延續性動詞與非延續性動詞。1. 延續性動詞：表示能夠延續的動作，也可以表示經驗與經歷.eg: learn, work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read,

17、stay, live延續性動詞可以與for 和 since 引導的時間狀語連用：eg: He has lived here for 6 years. （他在這兒住了六年了，一直住在這兒，live是延續性動詞，并且很有可能繼續居住下去） I have known her since then.（自從那時起我就認識她了，一直都認識，know是延續性動詞）2.非延續性動詞：也成終止性動詞或瞬間動詞，表示不能延續的動作，這種動作發生后立即結束.eg: open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die非延續性動詞不能與f

18、or 和 since 引導的時間狀語連用，常用的時間狀語有 two years ago, at 5 oclock, yesterday, the day before yesterday, this morning 等表示過去的時間.eg: His grandmother died 10 years ago. She finished the work at 6 oclock.2. 非延續性動詞與延續性動詞之間的轉換(常用)（1）. 轉化為相應的延續性動詞，用于現在完成時態eg: borrow keep buy have put on wear get to know know get to

19、sleep sleep catch a cold have a cold （2）.轉化為“ be+形容詞/副詞/介詞/名詞” eg: begin/start be on go out be out die be deadopen be open get to/ arrive in（at）/reach be in+地點 leave be away(from) finish be over fall ill be illget up be up fall asleep be asleep join be in+活動/組織go to school be in school become be mak

20、e friends be friendsclose be closed go to bed be in bed come/ go be + 相應的介詞短語例：下面是句子的同義句轉換 將原句一般過去時改成現在完成時eg: 1. The old man died four years ago. （一般過去時） The old man has been dead for four years. （現在完成時，將die變為 be dead） The old man has been dead since four years ago. (現在完成時，since跟過去的時間點)2. I borrowed

21、 the book five days ago. 3. He bought the bike three years ago.I have kept the book for five days. He has had the bike for three years. I have kept the book since five days ago. He has had the bike since three years ago.4. She went to school two days ago. 5. My sister became a nurse one year ago. She has been in school for two days. My sister has been a nurse for one year.She has been in school since two days ago. My sister ha