1、必修3Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia課程解讀課程解讀話題Sandstorms in Asia(亞洲沙塵暴）連線高考2010浙江，閱讀理解D2010山東，閱讀理解B功能Expressing strong opinions(表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的看法）語法1.The different types of infinitive(不定式的不同形式）2.Expressions with but+infinitive(but+不定式的應(yīng)用）課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展1.mass adj.大量的；大規(guī)模的2.campaign n.戰(zhàn)役；活動(dòng)3.process n.進(jìn)程；過程4.forecas

2、t vt.預(yù)報(bào)；預(yù)告5.recycle v.重新利用；再循環(huán)6.evidence n.根據(jù)；證明7.urgent adj.緊急的8.chemical n.化學(xué)藥品chemistryn.化學(xué)chemist n.化學(xué)家9.environment n.環(huán)境environmental adj.環(huán)境的10.scary adj.恐怖的；嚇人的scare n.&.v.驚嚇scared adj.恐懼的11.concerned adj.關(guān)心的，擔(dān)心的concern n.&.vt.涉及；擔(dān)憂；關(guān)注concerning prep.關(guān)于plain vt.抱怨complaint n.埋怨，訴苦13.protection

3、 n.保護(hù)protect v.保護(hù)protective adj.保護(hù)性的14.major adj.主要的，多數(shù)的majority n.多數(shù)15.absolutely adv.絕對(duì)地，完全地absolute adj.絕對(duì)的課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)短語1.cut down砍倒2.dig out挖出3.be caught in遭遇（壞天氣）4.take in吸收；理解；欺騙5.prevent /stop.（from） doing阻止干6.give out放出；發(fā)出7.protect.against.保護(hù)不受的侵害8.do nothing but do sth.只有做9.in a nutshell簡言之，

4、概括地講plain about/of埋怨；抱怨重點(diǎn)句型1.I couldnt agree with you more.我非常同意你的看法。It couldnt be worse.糟糕透了。2.if possible.如果可能知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)一 單詞1. concerned adj. 關(guān)心的；有牽連的；掛念的，擔(dān)心的歸納拓展（1）be concerned about/over/for對(duì)關(guān)心；掛念be concerned with/in牽涉到，與有關(guān)；關(guān)于be concerned that.擔(dān)心as（so）far as.be concerned就來說/而言知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)（2）concern

5、n.擔(dān)憂；關(guān)注的事情vt.涉及，關(guān)系到；關(guān)心，關(guān)注；使擔(dān)憂concern oneself with/about/in sth.忙于/關(guān)心（某事）show/express concern about對(duì)表示關(guān)心/擔(dān)心have no concern for.對(duì)毫不關(guān)心have no concern with.和毫無關(guān)系（3）concerning prep.關(guān)于例句：We were all concerned about/for her safety.我們大家都擔(dān)心著她的安全。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)Her latest article is concerned with youth unemployment

6、.她最近的一篇文章是關(guān)于青年人失業(yè)問題的。There is no need to concern yourself with this matter;were dealing with it.你不用管這事了，我們正在處理。I have a letter concerning your complaint.我這里有一封關(guān)于你投訴的信件。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】The meeting was concerned _education reforms and many parents,concerned _ the future of their children, were prese

7、nt.A.with;forB.with;withC.for;aboutD.about;with【解析解析】考查be concerned with“關(guān)于，涉及”；be concerned about/for“關(guān)心，憂慮”。句意為：這個(gè)會(huì)議是關(guān)于教育改革的，并且關(guān)心孩子未來的家長都出席了會(huì)議。【答案答案】A知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2. major adj. 主要的，較多的，大部分的；主修的主要的，較多的，大部分的；主修的vi. 主主修，專攻（一般與修，專攻（一般與in搭配）搭配）n. 主修課程，專業(yè)主修課程，專業(yè)歸納拓展（1）major in（在大學(xué)）主修（2）majority n.多數(shù)，大多數(shù)人或物a/

8、the majority of.的大多數(shù)be in the/a majority構(gòu)成多數(shù)，占大多數(shù)注意：（1）major形容詞，無比較等級(jí)，既不能和than連用，也不能與to連用。作定語，反義詞為minor。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)（2）a/the majority作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，此時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)整體；若強(qiáng)調(diào)其中各個(gè)成員時(shí)可用復(fù)數(shù)。例句：The play was a major success.這部戲大獲成功。Now there are a lot of students majoring in English.現(xiàn)在有很多學(xué)生主修英語。The majority was/were in favo

9、ur of the proposal.多數(shù)人贊成這個(gè)建議。In the nursing profession,women are in a/the majority.女性在護(hù)理行業(yè)占大多數(shù)。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】_ people interviewed prefer TV to radio.A.The majorityB.The majority ofC.The mostD.The most of【解析解析】句意為：大多數(shù)接受采訪的人喜歡電視勝過電臺(tái)。the majority of people是固定用法，“大多數(shù)人”，相當(dāng)于most of the people。【答案答案】B知

10、識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3. urgent adj. 緊急的；迫切的；非常重要的緊急的；迫切的；非常重要的歸納拓展（1）be in urgent need of 急需an urgent look急切的神情（2）urge v.敦促；催促；力勸urge sb. to do /into doing sth.催促（力勸）某人干某事urge sb. on鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì)，為加油urge that-clause呼吁（從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should+do的形式，should可以省略）（3）urgency n.緊急；迫切知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：I urge that you should read the report caref

11、ully.我勸你仔細(xì)看看這份報(bào)告。The boys urged him to take part in the competition.男孩子們慫恿他參加比賽。The law is in urgent need of reform.這項(xiàng)法律亟待修訂。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】The doctor _ an X-ray test,and then,he could make a conclusion.A.urged me to haveB.urged me havingC.urged againstD.urged on me【解析解析】考查動(dòng)詞urge的用法。句意為：醫(yī)生催促我做個(gè)X射

12、線檢查，然后他就可以做出診斷。urge sb. to do sth.“催促/力勸某人做某事”。【答案答案】A知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4. strength n.U,C力量，實(shí)力，力氣力量，實(shí)力，力氣歸納拓展（1）build up ones strength增強(qiáng)實(shí)力in full strength全體出動(dòng)with all ones strength盡力have the strength to do 有做的力氣/意志力on the strength of依靠，信賴；憑借（2）strengthen v.加強(qiáng)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：He hasnt got enough strength to lift the

13、 box.他沒有足夠的力氣搬起那個(gè)箱子。He pushed against the rock with all his strength.他用全力推那塊石頭。At present America is taking some measures to strengthen the economy.目前美國正在采取措施以改善經(jīng)濟(jì)。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)同類辨析strength，force，energy與power(1)strength常指固有的潛力，著重指人的“力氣”，物的“強(qiáng)度”。(2)force主要指“自然界的力量、暴力、勢力以及法律、道德或感情的力量、軍事力量”等。(3)energy主要指“人的精

14、力、自然界的能量”。(4)power主要指做一件事所依靠的“能力、功能、人或機(jī)器等事物的力量、權(quán)力”。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.可能需要幾個(gè)星期你才能恢復(fù)體力。We all should put all our energies into our study.我們都應(yīng)該把全部精力都投入到學(xué)習(xí)中。Knowledge is power.知識(shí)就是力量。This hurricane made us realize the force of nature.這次颶風(fēng)讓我們領(lǐng)會(huì)到了自然

15、界的力量。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Competition, they believe,-_ the national character rather than corrupt it.A.enforcesB.confirmsC.accordsD.strengthens【解析解析】enforce意為“強(qiáng)迫”，confirm意為“確認(rèn)”，strengthen意為“加強(qiáng)”，accord“符合，協(xié)調(diào)，使一致”。句意為：他們相信競爭能增強(qiáng)民族的品性，而不是使它墮落。故選D。【答案答案】D知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)To make members of a team perform better，the

16、trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.A.strengthsB.benefitsC.techniquesD.values【解析解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。strength此處意為“長處；優(yōu)勢”，根據(jù)句意“為了使團(tuán)隊(duì)的成員表現(xiàn)得更加出色，教練首先要了解隊(duì)員們的長處和薄弱的地方”可判斷出選A。benefit“利益”；technique“技術(shù)”；value“價(jià)值”，均與句意不符，故排除。【答案答案】A知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)二要點(diǎn)二 短語短語1. cut down砍倒；削減，縮小（數(shù)量、開支或尺寸）；砍倒；削減，縮小（數(shù)量、開支或尺寸

17、）；駁倒駁倒歸納拓展cut away切下，砍掉cut out切掉，剪下；割掉；刪除cut in插嘴cut up切碎；剁碎；使傷心cut off切斷；停掉，隔絕cut across/through抄近路穿過知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：He cut down the tree and then cut it up.他先把樹砍倒，然后又將其砍碎。If you dont cut down your smoking,I will cut off your supply.如果你不減少你的吸煙量，我將把你的供給停掉。The essays too longit needs cutting down a little

18、.這篇文章太長，需要縮短一些。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】The new coat looks too large on Mary,so her mother had to _.A.cut it outB.cut it downC.cut it offD.cut it up【解析解析】句意為：新衣服穿在瑪麗身上太大，所以她媽媽不得不將其改小。cut down“砍倒；削減”；此處是“改小（尺寸）”，符合題意。cut out“切掉，割掉”；cut off“切斷，停掉”；cut up“剪碎，剁碎”，均不符合題意。【答案答案】B知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2. give out分發(fā)；發(fā)出（氣味、熱等）；用

19、完，用盡；分發(fā)；發(fā)出（氣味、熱等）；用完，用盡；發(fā)表，公布發(fā)表，公布?xì)w納拓展(1)give out分發(fā)，放出give in（交上，呈上）hand out分散，散發(fā)hand in（交上，呈上）(2)give out用完，用盡run out (of)用光，用盡use up用完，用盡注意：表示“用完，用盡”時(shí)，give out與run out是不及物動(dòng)詞短語，而use up, run out of是及物動(dòng)詞短語，有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語往往是人。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(3)give oneself away泄露，露出馬腳give sth. up to sb. 把讓給某人give way to給讓步/讓路；被代替例

20、句：Students were giving out leaflets to everyone on the street.學(xué)生們?cè)谙蚪稚纤械娜朔职l(fā)傳單。Our food supplies are giving out/running out.我們儲(chǔ)存的食物快要吃光了。It was given out that the prime minister was to undergo minor surgery.據(jù)宣布，首相將要接受小手術(shù)。The flowers give out a sweet smell,which makes us relaxed.這些花散發(fā)出甜甜的味道，使我們感到輕松。知識(shí)

21、要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Our food will _. Hurry to get help from the nearby villagers.No need, it will last us for as long as two weeks.A.give outB.give offC.give awayD.give in【解析解析】句意為：我們的食物快要吃完了。趕緊去找附近的村民幫忙。沒必要，我們還能維持兩星期。give out“用光，用盡”，符合題意。【答案答案】A知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)During the urgent period,the ministry of foreign a

22、ffairs _ brief news every day.A.gave offB.gave awayC.gave outD.gave up【解析解析】主要考查動(dòng)詞短語的意義區(qū)別。句意為：在緊要關(guān)頭，外交部長每天發(fā)布簡要新聞。give out“發(fā)表，公布”，符合題意。give off“散發(fā)出/放出（光、熱、氣味等）”；give away“泄露”；give up“放棄”。【答案答案】C知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3. take in吸收；欺騙；包含；理解；改小；收留，收容吸收；欺騙；包含；理解；改小；收留，收容歸納拓展take along帶一起去take away拿走take.for.誤以為是take on

23、呈現(xiàn)；雇用take out拿出去，拔掉take over接管；占領(lǐng)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：She took me in completely with her story.她的一番花言巧語完全把我蒙騙住了。I couldnt take in his story at all.我完全不能理解他的話。The price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food.這個(gè)價(jià)格包括了食宿等一切費(fèi)用。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Lets go out and _ the fresh air.A.take upB.take offC.take

24、 inD.take over【解析解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：我們出去呼吸一下新鮮空氣吧。take in“吸收；欺騙；改小”，在此題中是“吸收”的意思。take up“占據(jù)，開始從事”；take off“脫掉（衣帽），（飛機(jī)）起飛”；take over“接管”。【答案答案】C知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)If you cant settle the dispute by yourselves, Ill call the police and they will _.A.take upB.take inC.take onD.take over【解析解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：如果你們不能解決爭端，我會(huì)

25、報(bào)警，他們會(huì)接管的。take over“接管，接任”；take up“占據(jù)”，take in“吸收”；take on“呈現(xiàn)，雇用”。根據(jù)句意可知答案答案為D項(xiàng)。【答案答案】D知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)三要點(diǎn)三 句型句型1. The garbage is then taken away and，if possible recycled.然后垃圾被帶走，如果可能的話會(huì)進(jìn)行回收利用。然后垃圾被帶走，如果可能的話會(huì)進(jìn)行回收利用。歸納拓展（1）if possible是固定短語，意為“如果可能的話”，常在句中作插入語，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。（2）if possible用了省略形式，相當(dāng)于if it is possi

26、ble。當(dāng)when，while，until，if，unless,once等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致并且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，或從句的主謂語分別為it和be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句中的主語及部分謂語（be動(dòng)詞）可省略。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)（3）if引導(dǎo)省略的情況有下列幾種：if any如果有的話if necessary必要的話if so如果是這樣的話if ever如果曾經(jīng)有的話if not不這樣的話例句：It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when questioned at the meeting by my boss.說出這些話令我羞愧，當(dāng)老板在會(huì)議上

27、問我時(shí)我撒了謊。(when questioned at the meeting是when I was questioned at the meeting的省略形式)Ask Tom to give you a hand if necessary.如果有必要讓湯姆幫你一把。Are you ready?If not,Im going without you.準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？要不我就自己去了。He didnt say a word until asked.直到被問他才說話。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Some of you may have finished unit one._, you can

28、 go on to unit two. A.If you mayB.If you doC.If notD.If so 【解析解析】考查省略句的用法。句意為：你們中的一些人也許已經(jīng)完成了第一單元。如果這樣的話，可以繼續(xù)第二單元。If so是省略形式，相當(dāng)于If you have done that/so。假若選擇B項(xiàng)，應(yīng)改為If you have。【答案答案】D知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)He is always thinking more of himself, seldom, _, offering to help others.A.if neverB.if everC.if possibleD.if

29、any【解析解析】考查狀語從句的省略。if ever是if he ever offers to help others的省略形式。【答案答案】B知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2.（1）I couldnt agree with you more.我再同意你的我再同意你的觀點(diǎn)不過了。觀點(diǎn)不過了。（2）It couldnt be worse.不可能比這更糟糕了。不可能比這更糟糕了。表示同意的表達(dá)法常見的有：Certainly./Sure./Of course.當(dāng)然可以。No problem.沒問題。/Yes,please.可以，請(qǐng)（做）吧。Yes,I think so.對(duì)，我認(rèn)為是這樣。All right./OK

30、.行，可以。Thats a good idea!是個(gè)好主意。Its a good idea that we start at once.我們馬上出發(fā)是個(gè)好主意。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)I agree (with you).我同意（你的意見）。I agree to your plan.我同意你的計(jì)劃。Exactly.正是。Thats correct.正確。Yes,I think so.是的，我也是這么想的。表示不同意的看法的表達(dá)法常見的有：No way.沒門。Of course not.當(dāng)然不。I dont agree.我不同意。I dont think so.我不這么想。Im afraid not.恐

31、怕不是。Im afraid I (really) cant agree with you.恐怕我（實(shí)在）不能同意你的看法。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?Thank you. _.A.It couldnt be betterB.Of course you canC.If you likeD.Its up to you【解析解析】根據(jù)回答中“謝謝”可以推斷回答是表示同意的語氣，It couldnt be better意為“再好不過了”。【答案答案】A知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)I think you shou

32、ld phone Jenny and say sorry to her._. It was her fault.A.No wayB.Not possibleC.No chanceD.Not at all【解析解析】no way意為“沒門”，表示拒絕對(duì)方的要求，符合題意。not possible意為“不可能”；no chance意為“沒機(jī)會(huì)”；not at all意為“根本不”。【答案答案】A知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)四要點(diǎn)四 語法語法動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“not to do”。(1)不定式的用法作主語：不定式短語作主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置

33、有兩種。a.把不定式置于句首。例句：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.騎自行車去那里要花半個(gè)小時(shí)。b.用it作形式主語，把真正的主語（不定式）置于句后，常用于下列句式中：It+be+名詞+to do sth.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：Its our duty to obey the law.遵守法律是我們的責(zé)任。It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.例句：How long did it take you to finish the work?完成這項(xiàng)工作花了你多長時(shí)間？It+be+形容詞+for sb.+to

34、do sth.注意：在表示事物性質(zhì)的形容詞后常用介詞for,這類形容詞有hard,easy,heavy,necessary,possible,important,difficult等。例句：Its hard for him to get rid of his bad habits.對(duì)他來說改掉壞習(xí)慣很難。It+be+形容詞+of sb.+to do sth.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)注意：在表示性格特征、行為表現(xiàn)的形容詞后用介詞of,這類形容詞常用的有g(shù)ood,kind,nice,clever,honest,wise,careful,brave,careless,cruel,foolish,rude,s

35、tupid,silly等。例句：It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.把老師說的每件事都記下來，你真是愚蠢。It seems (appears)+形容詞+to do sth.例句：It seemed impossible to save money.存錢似乎不太可能。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)作賓語a.只能跟不定式作賓語不接v.- ing形式的動(dòng)詞有agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,long,manage,off

36、er,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish,want等，同時(shí)這些詞大部分可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。例句：They failed to fulfill the plan.他們沒能完成計(jì)劃。He agreed to keep it a secret.他答應(yīng)保守這個(gè)秘密。When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to start back on foot.當(dāng)參觀農(nóng)場結(jié)束時(shí)，我們期望步行返回。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)b.不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，用it作形式賓語。例句

37、：I find it interesting to work with him.我發(fā)現(xiàn)和他一起工作很有趣。作表語（說明主語的內(nèi)容）。例句：My job is to help the patient.我的工作就是幫助病人。同類辨析不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作主語和表語，一般來說，表示比較抽象的一般行為多用動(dòng)名詞；表示具體的某次動(dòng)作，特別是將來的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式。有時(shí)兩者可以互換。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)作定語不定式作定語必須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。例句：Would you like something to drink?你想喝點(diǎn)什么嗎？I have no time to talk with her.我沒

38、時(shí)間同她談話。a.不定式作定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系，即主謂、動(dòng)賓與同位關(guān)系。例句：Do you have any suggestions to offer?你有什么建議要提嗎？(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他總是第一個(gè)來，最后一個(gè)走。(主謂關(guān)系)We all have a chance to go to college.我們都有一個(gè)上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。(同位關(guān)系)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)b.作定語的不定式必須是及物動(dòng)詞；如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介

39、詞。例句：He had no money and no place to live in.他既沒錢也沒地方住宿。c.當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：例句：Have you anything to send?你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you）知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？（不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someone else）作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例句：He asked me t

40、o do the work with him.他要求我同他一起完成這項(xiàng)工作。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)歸納拓展不定式作賓補(bǔ)，下列詞后省略to;巧記不定式作賓補(bǔ)省略to的動(dòng)詞：五看：see,watch,notice,observe,look at三使役：make,have,let二聽：hear,listen to一感：feel半幫助：help此類動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其后作主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式必須帶to。例句：I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.我經(jīng)常聽到他唱那首歌。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知知 識(shí)識(shí) 要要 點(diǎn)點(diǎn)作狀語，表

41、示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。例句：He hurried to the school only to find nobody was there.他匆忙趕到學(xué)校卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒人在那兒。（結(jié)果）To look at him，you would like him.你看見他，就會(huì)喜歡他的。（條件）I came here to learn from you.我到這來是向你學(xué)習(xí)的。(目的)Im very glad to hear the news.聽到這個(gè)消息我很高興。（原因）知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)a.目的狀語還可以用in order to或so as to來表示。例句：In order to pass the exa

42、m，he worked very hard.為了通過考試，他努力學(xué)習(xí)We ran all the way so as not to be late.為了不遲到，我們跑了一路。b.不定式也可在作表語的形容詞后面作狀語。例句：The question is difficult to answer.這個(gè)問題很難回答。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)c.在too+形容詞或副詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作狀語。例句：He is too old to do that.他年齡太大不適合做那件事。d.另外，句子中有enough這個(gè)詞時(shí)，常用不定式作狀語。例句：The room is big enough to hold us.這

43、間房子很大，足以容納我們。作獨(dú)立成分。例句：To tell you the truth，I dont agree with you.說實(shí)話，我不同意你的看法。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)不定式與疑問詞who，which，when，where，how，what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。例句：He didnt know what to say.他不知道該說什么。（賓語）How to solve the problem is very important.如何解決這個(gè)問題至關(guān)重要。（主語）My question is when to start.我的問題是什么時(shí)候開始。（表語）知識(shí)要點(diǎn)

44、知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(2)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般時(shí)to doto be done進(jìn)行時(shí)to be doing/完成時(shí)to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行時(shí)to have been doing/知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞不定式的一般時(shí)：表示與謂語動(dòng)詞處于同一時(shí)間層面或動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)詞之后。例句：I expect to hear from you soon.我希望早日收到你的回信。動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示與謂語動(dòng)詞處于同一時(shí)間層面并且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例句：The boy pretended to be listening attentively when the teach

45、er looked at him.當(dāng)老師看那個(gè)男孩時(shí)，他假裝在認(rèn)真聽講。動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)：表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。例句：He seems to have read the novel.他看起來好像讀過那部小說。動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式：表示與邏輯主語之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例句：The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution.明天召開的會(huì)議是關(guān)于如何扼制污染的。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(3)不定式的省略在英語中，有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，可以省略不定式中的動(dòng)詞，只保留其中的不定式符號(hào)to。這種情況常出現(xiàn)在下列動(dòng)詞之后:expect,ho

46、pe,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try或出現(xiàn)在be glad,be happy,would like,would love等結(jié)構(gòu)之后。例句：Would you like to go with me?你愿意和我一起去嗎？I would like to.我愿意。注意：如果在省略動(dòng)詞的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be,have,have been時(shí)，這些詞要保留。例句：I didnt tell him the news.我沒有告訴他這則消息。Oh,you ought to have.哦，你應(yīng)該告訴他的。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)在let go,let fly,make do,make believe,hear say,go hang等固定短語中不定式不帶to。例句：Dont let go the rope.抓緊繩子別松手。在與why連用時(shí)，只用于以why或why not開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。例句：Why not have a rest?為什么不休息一下？在had better,would rather,would sooner和cannot but等短語之后，不定式不帶to。例句：I would rather stay at home than go to meet him.我寧愿待在家里也不愿去見他。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)將連詞rather