1、定語從句（介詞+which/whom）觀察以下句子：This is the reason for which （=why） he left the company. 這就是他離開公司的原因。Can you tell me for whom you are working? 你能告訴我你現在為誰工作嗎 ？There are sixty students in our class, all of whom are working hard.班上有60名學生，他們都在努力學習。Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which

2、was very reasonable.最近我買了一個中國古代花瓶，價格非常合理。句子中的引導定語從句的連接詞which, whom前都有介詞，which和whom都是代替各自的先行詞作介詞的賓語。定語從句一一定語從句關聯詞介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句1 .介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞只能用which 或 whom, 關系代詞不能省略。Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?是莎士比亞出生的房子嗎？In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn

3、 for help.在黑暗的街道上，沒有任何人能讓她求助2 . 在限柒性柒語從句中，當介詞位于柒從句末尾時，可用that/which （中旨物）,that/whom/who 旨人）作介詞的賓語，且關系代詞可以省略。This is the hero that/who/whom we are proud of.這就是讓我們驕傲的英雄。This is the pen that/which I wrote the letter with.這就是我用來寫信的鋼筆。注意：某些短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞分開提至關系代詞前。常見的短語動詞有listen to,100k at: depend on, pay a

4、ttention to: take care of, 100k into : break into: get rid of: take part in, make use of, take hold of, catch hold of, catch up with , get along with , 100k forward to 等。止匕時可用 which, who, whom 或that, 也可將他們省略。The babies whom the nurses are taking care of are very healthy.護士照顧的那些嬰兒們都很健康。介詞+關系代詞”的重要結構1

5、 . 名詞 / 代詞 +of+ which/ whom此結構引導的定語從句可改為"of+ which/ whom+名詞/代詞”結構。常用于這個結構的代詞有 one, both, all, some, most, several, few, a few, little, a little, many, much, none, half 等。There are 40 students in our class, most of whom (=of whom most) like English.我們班有40個學生，大多數都喜歡英語。She has two sons, both of wh

6、om (=of whom both ) are teachers她有兩個兒子，者B是老師。She has many books, none of which (=of which none) is interesting.她有許多書，沒有一本有意思。The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.這個男人掏出來一塊金表，它的指針是有小鉆石組成的。2 .數詞/形容詞的最高級+of+ which/whomThe company has more than 100 employees, 6

7、0 percent of whom are women.這家公司有超過一百名雇員，其中百分之六十是女性She traveled abroad and bought a lot of gifts, the most expensive of which was a diamond.她在國外旅游，買了很多禮物，其中最昂貴的一件就是鉆石。China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.中國有數千座島嶼，其中最大的是臺灣島。3 .介詞 +which/whom + 名詞He was born in 1948, by which

8、 time the Second World War had been over.他出生于1948年，到那時第二次世界大戰已經結束。I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.我叫錯了他的名字，因為這個錯誤我道歉了。4 .復雜介詞 +which/whom常用于該結構的介詞短語有：on the top of, in the middle of, in front of, in spite of （盡管），at the back of, because of by means of （借助于，用）等。We got t

9、o a house at the back of which was a large garden.我們來到一所后面有一個大花園的房子。Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided?有沒有一種考試，通過它能決定第一名。I went to visit my Chinese teacher yesterday, with the help of whom （with whose help） I got in touch with my classmates.昨天我去拜訪我的語文老師了，在他的幫助下我聯系上了我

10、的同學們。介詞+關系代詞”中介詞的選擇1 .從先行詞跟介詞的搭配出發I ' ll never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside.我不會忘記我們一起在鄉下工作的日子。（把the day放從句中，力口 on才構成完整的句子，即 we worked together on the day in the countryside）The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which we could see what was happening insi

11、de the house.這個聰明的孩子在墻上挖了一個洞，透過它我們可以看到屋里發生的事情。（through which 即 through the hole）2 .從定語從句中動詞、形容詞等對介詞的搭配要求出發Do you know the doctor whom the man talked just now?你認識那個男人剛談到的醫生嗎？（talk后可以用to, with還是about,根據先行詞和定語從句中的動詞talk考慮，應用 with或to）3 .有些介詞不是與謂語動詞構成短語關系，而是根據句子的邏輯需要填入的。For many cities in the world, ther

12、e is no room to spread our future, of which New York is an example.對世界上的許多城市來說，沒有足夠的空間拓展未來，紐約就是其中的一個例子。Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life.運動在生活中有很大意義，沒有了運動你的（精神）生活依然很貧瘠。The director, with whom Jack shared a dorm -room in the Film Academy, has already made four films.這位導演已經執導了四

13、部電影，在電影學院求學時杰克與他同住在一間寢室。介詞+關系代詞”的替換1. when, where, why介詞+which '在定語從句中作時間、 地點、原因狀語時，可以用 when, where, why 代替。Last week, I visited London, in which/where I have made several friends.上周我們去了倫敦，在那兒我們交了一些朋友。Do you remember the day on which /when you joined our club?你記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？I don ' t know

14、the reason for which/ why he said so知道你這樣說的原因。注意：1）如果 介詞+which '不是作時間、地點、原因狀語時. 則不能用 when, where, why 代替。Last year she bought this house, for which she paid her life's savings.去年她買了這所房子，為此她付出了一生的積蓄。2） 有幾個詞雖然不指具體的地點.但它們作先行詞時常用where/介詞+which 引導定語從句。 常見的有：situation/ case/ point/ circumstances/

15、stage/ family 等。I have come to the point where I can'tandihim不能忍受他的程度了。He' s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.他把自己置于一個危險的境地，很容易失去對飛機的控制。3. whose+名詞“whose名詞“弓I導 的定語從句可 轉化為 "the珞詞+of+ which/ whonf , 或 “of+ which/whom+ the + 名詞”結構，of

16、表所屬關系。I live in a room whose windows (=of which the windows/ the windows of which) are all broken.我住在一個窗戶全被打破的房間。This is my teacher whose handwriting (=the handwriting of whom/ of whom the handwriting) is excellent.這就是我的那個書法特別好的老師。知識延伸1 .由 介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句，當主從句主語一致時，定語從句可縮略為介詞 + which/whom+ to do 

17、9;結構。I like the small room in which I live (=in which to live).我喜歡我住的小屋。He has a good friend to whom he can turn for help (=to whom to turn for help).他有個他可以求助的好朋友。He has a knife with which he can defend himself. (with which to defend himself)他有一把刀子，用來自衛。2 .介詞后不是只能接關系代詞,也可能會接關系副詞。He stood by the wind

18、ow, from where he could see outside. (from where=from by the window)他站在窗戶旁，從那里他可以看到外面。He graduated from Beijing University in 2010, since when he has improved himself in allaspects他2010年從北京大學畢業，從那時起他在各個方面有提升了自己。3 . 先行詞 way弓I導的定語從句當先行詞杲 way,意為 力法，方式”，在字語從句中表示以方式”時，引導宇語從句的關系詞常用 in which, 相當于 "in

19、the way,和可以用 that代替 in which ,或不用任何關系詞。I don ' t understand the way （in which/that） they worked out the problem.我沒法理解他們解決這個問題的方法。比較：The way that/which he explained to us was not difficult to understand.他們給我們解釋的這種方法不難理解。（關系代詞that/which在從句中作賓語）The way that/in which he explained the sentence to us

20、was not difficult to understand.他們給我們解釋這個句子的方法不難理解。（關系詞在從句中作狀語，相當于 in this/that way）鞏固練習將下面的兩個簡單句合并成一個含有定語從句的復合句。1. She is the girl I went there with the girl.2. I want to find the pen. I wrote the novel with the pen.3. I remember the day. " The Beatles “ played their first hit on that day.4. T

21、he guitar was lost. George gave many performances with it.5. The musicians were very popular. They worked with the musicians.6. Luckily, we ' d brought a road rtWjphout the road map we would have lost our way.7. The girl has just come back. My sister visited the Great Wall with the girl.8. He lo

22、ved his parents deeply. Both of his parents are very kind to him.9. I bought an ancient vase. The price of the ancient vase was very reasonable10. The person is Mr. Ball. I lent my bicycle to the person.翻譯下面句子1. 媽媽給我一些額外的錢，用這些錢我買了一把樂器。2. 我對已經住了8 年的這個城市很熟悉。3. 剛剛和我談話的那個男孩不喜歡戲弄別人。4. 我依賴于我經常借錢的親戚。5. 另外，

23、我曾經向往的我叔叔的婚姻破裂了。改錯1. Can you point out the house which you live?2. I don t know the person to who you are speaking.3. They will never forget the days which they stayed together.4. Dongtou is a beautiful island and where we can enjoy delicious seafood.5. The book, which he paid 6yuan, is worth readin

24、g.單項填空1 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， each of uses itsomewhat differently.A whichB whatC themD those2 The newly built cafe ， the walls of are painted， light green， is really a peacefulplace for us， especially after hard work.A thatB itC whatD which3 We went through a peri

25、odcommunications were very difficult in the rural areas.A whichB whoseC in whichD with which4 The other day I bought a vase， was very reasonable.A the price of whose B its price C which priceD the price of which5 Last week， only two people came to look at the house， wanted to buy it.A none of them B

26、 both of themC none of whom D neither of whom6 I will never forget the day I joined the League.A whichB thatC on whichD where7 Alex asked the policeman he worked to contact him whenever there was anaccident.A with himB with whomC who D whom8 The two astronauts said they would never forget the days t

27、hey worked together inthe spaceship and the daysthey spent together.A which ； whenB when； whichC what； that D on which； when9 The crime wave is one of the biggest problems the new government is now faced.A thatB whichC with which D about which10 Finally， I bought the new book， I spent twenty yuan ，

28、in the bookstore wheremy old friend was the boss.A on which B which C in which D that11 Eric taught folk music in a local school for one year ， he spent some time abroadstudying jazz.A after thatB after whichC after itD after this12 There are two buildings， stands nearly a hundred feet high.A the la

29、rgerB the larger of themC the larger one that D the larger of which13 His glasses， he was like a blind man， fell to the ground and broke.A with whichB whichC through which D without which14 He made another wonderful discovery， of importance to science.A which I think is B which I think it isC which

30、I think itD I think is15 I was given three books on painting, two I really enjoyed.A. of that B. of which C. that D. which16 I will never forget the days we worked together on the farm.A thatB whichC on whichD when17 Yesterday we went to visit the farm my father used to work for nearly ten years.A.

31、in which B. that C. where D. which18 What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which19 The English play my students acted at the New Year s party was a great successA. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which20 She is a teacher

32、of much knowledge, much can be learned.A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom答案與解析將下面的兩個簡單句合并成一個含有定語從句的復合句。1. She is the girl with whom I went there.2. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the novel.3. I remember the day on which“ The Beatles ” played their first hit.4. The guitar with which

33、 George gave many performances was lost.5. The musicians with whom they worked were very popular.6. Luckily, we d brought a road map without which we would have lost our way.7. The girl with whom my sister visited the Great Wall has just come back.8. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are ver

34、y kind to him.9. I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.10. The person to whom I lent my bicycle is Mr. Ball.翻譯句子1. My mother game me some extra money, with which I bought an instrument.2. I am familiar with the city in which I have lived for eight years.3. The boy with who

35、m I talked just now doesn t like playing jokes on others.4. I rely on my relatives from whom I often borrow money.5. In addition, my uncle s marriage which I ever dreamed of broke up.改錯1. which in which/ where 2. who whom 3. which on which/ when4. and where where where there 5. which for which單項填空1

36、.A 。分析句式結構可知，空格處在句中引導非限制性定語從句且在從句中作主語，所以要使用關系代詞，由于空格前出現了each,指前面的cultures,所以關系代詞指物要用 which 。句意：英語是一種被多種不同文化分享的語言，每一種文化都在某種程度上使它有所不同。2 .D。考查定語從句的關系詞。which引導非限制性定語從句，代指 caf 6,在從句中作介詞 of 的賓語。the walls of which = whose walls。3 .C。考查定語從句的用法。period后面的定語從句中缺少時間狀語，要用 when,而此 題中沒有when,所以要選擇in which相當于in the

37、period,表示時間，作句中的狀語。which 要在定語從句中作主語或賓語，而此處的“介詞 which ”中要選擇介詞in， 而不選擇with。定語從句中 介詞十which”中介詞的選擇，一要看先行詞，二要看與定語從句 謂語動詞的搭配，三要看句意。4 .D。 句意： 最近我買了一個花瓶，其價格很合理。所缺部分在定語從句中作主語，指 “花瓶的價格”，故用 the price of which 。5 .D。句意：上周僅有兩個人來看這幢房子，但他們兩個都不想買。前面提到only twopeople， 同時這是一個非限制性定語從句，故選 D。 若 B 項改為 and both of them 也正確。6