1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)（7）倒裝句&強(qiáng)調(diào)句I. 倒裝句英語(yǔ)句子的自然語(yǔ)序是“主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)”。如果將謂語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在主語(yǔ)之前，這種語(yǔ)序被稱為“倒裝”。 倒裝句是一種語(yǔ)法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。從結(jié)構(gòu)上主要分為部分倒裝和完全倒裝。還有一種形式上的倒裝?？记橥▓?bào)：1、 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、交際用語(yǔ)等特定語(yǔ)境中倒裝的考查。2、 倒裝句中的主謂一致。一、部分倒裝：即只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分，如：助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞等放到主語(yǔ)前，或把句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提前。Eg. Little do I know that what I said hurt her deeply. Not

2、until yesterday did Little John change his mind.1、 用于no soonerthan, hardlywhen和not until句型。 其中no sooner, hardly 引導(dǎo)的主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Not until quite recently did he finish his work.Hardly had he finished saying his words when someone rose to refuse his points.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.2

3、、 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞，如：hardly, little, never, not until, rarely, seldom; in no way, at no time, in no case, by no means, under no circumstances等放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。Not until it is dark will we come home.Hardly did he realise that he had made a big mistake.注意1：修飾或連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主謂不倒裝1) Hardly anyone believe that today.2)

4、 Not only you but also she has been to Beijing.3) Neither the girls nor John is to blame.4) Not a single mistake did he make.2： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝，例如：I have never seen such a performance.3、 Only + 狀語(yǔ)，放在句首，句子要部分倒裝，狀語(yǔ)可以是單個(gè)的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。Only in this way can we learn English well.Only when he returned could we

5、 find out the truth.Only after the war did he learn the sad news.Note: Only he can answer the question.4、 So/ neither/ nor + 助動(dòng)詞/ 即動(dòng)詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)， 表示上句的肯定或否定情況適用于下句。They can buy the car, so can we. Lily cant ride; neither/nor can Lucy.Note: 當(dāng)上句的情況既有肯定也有否定，或既有助動(dòng)詞，又有系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，此句型為：Its the same with 或 S

6、o it is with注意：若只是表示對(duì)前面所述內(nèi)容的肯定、確認(rèn), 主謂不倒裝Eg. 1) -Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 2) -“It's raining hard.”-“So it is.”5、 當(dāng)if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中含有had, were, should時(shí)，可將if 省略，而把had, were, should 移到主語(yǔ)前，即句首，從句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Had I known it earlier(=If I had known it earlier), I wouldnt have lent him m

7、oney.Were I you(=If I were you), I shouldnt give away the chance.Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.6、 as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，即把表語(yǔ)(名詞/形容詞)、副詞、動(dòng)詞原形提到句首。Try as he might, he couldnt open the door.Young as he is / Child as he is, he knows a lot. Much as I travelled, I havent seen a pe

8、rson as capable as John.Note: though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句也可以倒裝，但alhough不可以倒裝。7、 “so /such +表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ) + that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的so 或such引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí), 句子用部分倒裝。So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day.So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.Such a lovely child is he that al

9、l of us love him.8、 并列連詞not onlybut also, neithernor連接的句子，如果not only, neither放在句首，也要部分倒裝。 1). Not only is she a good singer, but also she is a good dancer.2). Neither did he watch TV nor did he go to the cinema.3). Not only did he teach at school, but he wrote novels.Note: 若位于句首的not onlybut also, ne

10、ithernor連接并列主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，句子用正常語(yǔ)序，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要注意就近一致原則。Eg. Neither my sister nor I have travelled by air.二、完全倒裝：即把整個(gè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不變。1、there be句型, 其中be動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear, remain, happen 等詞代替(全部倒裝）。1) There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom. 2) There lay

11、a winding brook in front of an old house. 2、 表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如：here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall 等，以及now, then放在句首時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run等，并且句子的主語(yǔ)是名詞。In came the teacher.Out rushed the children.Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.Note

12、: 主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，不倒裝。 Eg. In he came. (= He came in.)Away they went. (=They went away.)3、such 位于句首時(shí)。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist. Such are the facts; no one can deny them.4、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，或?yàn)榱吮３志渥拥钠胶饣蚴股舷挛木o密銜接，可將狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)置于句首。 Under the tree sits a beautiful gir

13、l, who is dressed in white. Lucky is she who has been enrolled into a famous university.三、形式倒裝形式上的倒裝在語(yǔ)法上稱為前置。其特點(diǎn)是，只把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提至句首，主謂并不 倒裝。1、 感嘆句：What an interesting talk they have!How interesting their talk was!2、 the more, the more.句型The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.注意：1）more代表形容詞、

14、副詞的比較級(jí)，要靈活使用。 2）第一個(gè)the more 引導(dǎo)的部分相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)the more 引導(dǎo)的部分相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主句。Eg. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.= If you work harder, you will make greater progress.3、 Whatever / However + adj./adv. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.However diffi

15、cult (No matter how) the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.注意：however 可以改寫成no matter how.備注：倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)用于表示祝愿和祝福之類的句子中。 （部分倒裝或全部倒裝） 1）May you succeed / be happy!2) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!II. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型一、基本結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型： It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）+ that/ who（當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且 主語(yǔ)指人時(shí)用who

16、）+ 其它部分。 e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2. 一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型： 同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。 e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3. 特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型： 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ e.g. When and where was it that you were born?4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句例句：“針對(duì)I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterd

17、ay.句子進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。” 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5. 注意：構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的it本身沒有詞

18、義；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that, who， 即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)也如此，that, who不可省略； 強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò) 去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用It was ，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用It is 。二、 notuntil 句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句 1. 句型為：It is/ was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It was not until his wife came back

19、that he went to bed. 2. 注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，till, until可通用； 因?yàn)榫湫椭蠭t is/ was not 已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定 句，切勿再用否定句了。 三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào) 1. It is/ was that 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞do/ does 或did。 e.g. Do sit down. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。 He did write to you last week. 上周他確實(shí)給你寫了信。 Do be careful when you cross the street.

20、過(guò)馬路時(shí)，務(wù)必（千萬(wàn)）要小心啊！ 2. 注意：此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/ does和did ，沒有別的形式；過(guò)去時(shí)用did ，后面的謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。 在使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)需注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 請(qǐng)注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句 eg. When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？ 2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分如果是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，只能由because引導(dǎo)，不能由since、 as或why引導(dǎo)。 eg. It was because he was ill that he didn't come to schoo

21、l yesterday.  3. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)not until結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)必須把not與until一起放到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的位置上 eg. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.  4. 注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別  強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的 It is/ was that/ who 去掉后，將語(yǔ)序進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整，可以得到一個(gè) 結(jié)構(gòu)和意義都完整的句子，而定語(yǔ)從句去掉 It is/ wa

22、s that/ who 后句子就無(wú)法 成立。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的 that/ who 只是句型的一個(gè)標(biāo)志，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的 that/ who 在 從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。試比較： a. It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天買的書。 (本句是對(duì)What is that?問(wèn)句的回答，that所引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，that可被省略) It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天

23、我所賣的就是這本書。 (本句相當(dāng)于對(duì)I bought the English book yesterday中an English book進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)) b. It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我們過(guò)去常在開會(huì)的房子。 (where 所引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)前面的room進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，它是定語(yǔ)從句) It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 過(guò)去我們開會(huì)就在這間房子里。 (in the room是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分，本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) c. It is a day when the people ce

24、lebrate their victory. 這是人們慶祝他們的勝利的日 子。 (when所引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)a day進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，是定語(yǔ)從句) It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天，人們慶祝了他 們的勝利。(強(qiáng)調(diào)on October 1, 1949)四、強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：1. (2008江蘇，32)_ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A. Only if; will you B. Only if; you will C.

25、Unless; will you D. Unless; you will2. (2008遼寧，35)Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _.A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I 3. (2008上海，39) So much of interest _ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. A. offers Beijing B.

26、 Beijing offers C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer4. (2008重慶，26) Only when I left my parents for Italy _ how much I loved them. A. I realized B. realized I C. had I realized D. did I realize5. (08陜西)Not until the motorbike looked almost new _ repairing and cleaning it. A. he stopped B. did

27、he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop 6. (2007遼寧，23) I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _ so lonely as now. A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt7. So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A. I did find B. di

28、d I find C. I have found D. have I found8. _, Carolina couldnt get the door open. A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try9. _ rapid progress has he made that we all admire him. A. Very B. So C. Such D. Too10. _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has wo

29、n an Oscar. A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting11. _ difficulties we come across, well help one another to overcome them. A. Whenever B. However C. No matter what D. No matter how much12. _ the naughty boys realized it was too late to take a bus to go

30、home. A. No sooner it grew dark than B. Hardly did it grew dark that C. Scarcely had it grown dark than D. It was not until dark that13. Nowhere else in the world _ more attractive country scenery than in Wales. A. you enjoy B. can you enjoy C. you can enjoy D. enjoy you14. Not only _ give people re

31、laxation and pleasure, but _ increase their knowledge of any kind. A. can travel; it can B. travel can; can it C. can travel; can it D. travel can; it can15. How different my hometown is _what it was ten years age! A. from B. at C. with D. by16. _where we can stay for a week. A. Next is another hote

32、l to it B. Next to it another hotel is C. Next to it is another hotel D. It is next to another hotel is 17. Autumn coming, down _. A. do the leaves fall B. the leaves will fall C. fall the leaves D. the leaves have fallen18. Outside the school _ crowds of students, _ to know the results of the exam.

33、 A. stand; too anxious B. stand; too exciting C. stands; very worried D. stands; eager enough19. _, they had no chance of winning the war. A. They fought as bravely B. As bravely they fought C. Bravely as they fought D. As they fought bravely20. _ be sent to work there? A. Who do you suggest B. Who

34、do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should21. It was not until we came back from outside _ out of his bed. A. did he get B. when he got C. that he got D. then he got 22. Only _the problem. A. can he solve B. can solve he C. he can solve D. does he solve 23.

35、 Early in the morning _ the news _ the Chinese Team defeated the Japanese Team. A. comes; what B. came; that C. comes; that D. came; what24. _ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent. A. Such construction robots are clever B. So clever the const

36、ruction robots are C. Such clever the construction robots are D. So clever are the construction robots 25. _ for your help, we would be in trouble. A. If it didnt B. Was it not C. Were it not D. Were not it26. I failed in the final examination last term and only then _ the importance of studies. A.

37、I realised B. I had realised C. had I realised D. did I realise27. Hardly _ into the country _ it began to rain. A. we had got; when B. we got; than C. had we get; when D. did we get; than 28. “ In no condition _ you are a Chinese,” Dad told me before I went abroad. A. you should forget B. forget yo

38、u C. shouldnt you forget D. should you forget29. (09山東)So sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 30. (09福建)For a moment nothing happened. Then _ all shouting together. A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would co

39、me D. did voices come31. (09遼寧)_ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. A. Such B. This C. That D. So 32. (09江蘇)Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.A. Attend B. To a

40、ttend C. Attending D. Having attended33. (09上海)Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _. A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief34. (09重慶)Unsatisfied _ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. A. though he was B. though was

41、he C. he was though D. was he though35. (09四川)Not until I came home last night _ to bed. A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went36. (09陜西)Little _ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care37. (08江西)

42、It was announced that only when the fire was under control _ to return to their homes. A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted38. (05浙江7)The old tower must be saved，the cost. A. however B. whateve

43、rC. whicheverD. wherever39. Was it near the building, if I may ask, _Martin Luther King gave the speech I have a dream? A. where B. which C. that D. when40. (07全國(guó))If Joes wife wont go to the party, _. A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will41. (07江蘇)-My room gets ve

44、ry cold at night. -_. A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does 42. (06重慶)Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _ with my progress. A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied43. (06江西)

45、-I reminded you not to forget the appointment. -_. A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do it44. (05全國(guó))Mary never does any reading in the evening, _. A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesnt too D. nor does John45. (05重慶)_, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A.

46、 A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be s student 46. _ learning English, listening, speaking, reading and writing _four basic skills. A. In; are B. On; is C. For; is D. To; are47. By no means _ to her parents. A. this is the

47、first time has she lied B. this is the first time does she tell a lie C. is this the first time she has lied D. is this the first time she was lying 48. Ive read another book this week. Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. A. this B. that C. there D. it49. It was _ h

48、e came back from Africa that year _ he met the girl he would like to marry. A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when50. It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. much C. that D. where51. It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when52. It was not until midnigh