1、第二講主謂一致考什么；? 學(xué)什么一明確方向一備考省時高效全析考法1 .單句語法填空1. （2018 全國卷 I ）While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it （be） more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.解析：is根據(jù)語境可知，此處敘述的是一般的客觀事實，且本句中賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時。it指代上一句的running regularly ,是第三人稱單數(shù),故填i

2、s。2. （2017 全國卷 I ）Fast food （be） full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.解析：is本句中的主語是fast food ,是不可數(shù)名詞短語，所以謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，且此處講的是現(xiàn)狀，所以填 is。3. （2016 全國卷 n ）Leaving the less important things until tomorrow （be） often acceptable.解析：is 主語

3、是 a Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”, 所以謂語用單數(shù)形式；此處表示客觀情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時。n .單句改錯1. （201 8 全國卷出 ）The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.解析：include includes 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾 place ,關(guān) 系代詞替代place在從句中作主語，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致，謂語動詞也使用

4、第三人稱單數(shù)的形式。2. . （2016 浙江高考）He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.解析：was一were 從句中的主語是 we,為復(fù)數(shù)，故be動詞應(yīng)該用 were。3. （2014 全國卷n ）My dream school starts at 8： 30 a. m. and ends . My dream school look like a big garden.解析：100k - 100ks最后一句的主語是單數(shù)形式，所以謂語也用第三人稱單數(shù)，根據(jù)前文可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以用 looks。4. （2014 遼寧高考

5、）The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.解析：have-has 句子的主語為"The early morning barking ",故謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。5. （2014 陜西高考）Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky一they looked like rain ！ 解析：wasfwere 句中主語是"the arrows”,為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故 b

6、e動詞應(yīng)該用 were。 謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則（一 ）并列主語的主謂一致1當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上作主語的單數(shù)名詞用and, both .and 連接，并表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但 and 連接的并列名詞如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面的名詞前沒有限定詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如 the needle and thread, the fork and knife,iron and steel, mud and sand 等。Both tea and coffee are my favorites.The writer and professor, who I often refer to at t

7、he meetings, is popular among those people.6. 由each, every, no 修飾的名詞作主語時，即使有and 連接多個并列主語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。No sound and （no） voice has been heard for a long time.Every boy and every girl is treated in the same way in our school.7. 由 or, nor, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等連接并列主語時，謂語動

8、詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與它臨近的主語保持一致。Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.4 there be, here be 后接幾個并列名詞時，謂語be 動詞的數(shù)遵循就近原則。There is an orange and four bananas left.（二 ）數(shù)詞和量詞作主語時的主謂一致1“ 分?jǐn)?shù) of/ 百分?jǐn)?shù)of/the rest of/plenty of/the majority of/lots of/a lot of/aquantity of 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一般取決于 of 后名詞

9、的數(shù)。但quantities of . 作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。About one third of the books are worth reading.A quantity of water is needed for cooling purpose.=Quantities of water are needed for cooling purpose.2 “ a great deal of/a large amount of 不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。但 large amounts of . 作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。A large amount of grain has

10、been eaten by birds.=Large amounts of grain have been eaten by birds.3 a number of, a variety of 修飾名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of,the variety of 后接名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The number of the students in our classis 50, and a number of them are fromHebei.A number of students have gone for an outing.4由kind, form,

11、type, species, portion, series等修飾的主語，其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于這些詞的數(shù)，而不是它們后面所跟名詞的數(shù)。Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting.(三 ) 其他情況的主謂一致1當(dāng)主語后帶有as well as, as much as, no less than, with, along with, togetherwith, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等連接 的成分時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于前面

12、主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。The house, including the garden and the park,was sold.I think the boss, rather than the workers,was to blame for the loss.2在“one of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞who/which/that ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。one 前面如果有the only/very 修飾，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。This is one of the questions thathave been asked by the students.He is the only

13、one of the officers whowas invited to the ball.4 “ more than one/many a(n) 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.4強(qiáng)調(diào)句it is/was . that/who .中，主句謂語總是用單數(shù)。It is he who tells us the news.5不定式、動詞-ing 形式或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。To obey the law i

14、s everyone's duty.Eating too many sweets ruins your teeth.Why he did it was very clear.6由兩部分構(gòu)成一個整體的物體名詞如shoes, trousers, pants, jeans, glasses等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果這類名詞前用了a pair of, a piece of, a kind of,a series of 等來修飾，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與表示計量單位的名詞一致。His trousers are too long to wear.This pair of glasses was

15、found in the bag.瑩窘怎么考； 怎么解一 掌握*套路"解題有徑可尋語法填空解題“ 3視角”1 .看主語人稱，確定謂語動詞形式2 .看充當(dāng)主語的詞(短語)，確定謂語動詞形式(1)看到主語為動名詞短語/to do不定式或從句，要想到謂語應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式；(2)看到“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of +名詞”作主語，要想到謂語的數(shù)取決于名詞。3 .看到there be 等結(jié)構(gòu)，要想到用就近一致原則據(jù)第1條解題1. The design on the back shows (show) the yellow-eyed penguin, one of the world 's

16、rarest penguins.2. Having traveled from China through Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, Belgium and France for 18 days, the train finally arrived in London.Inside the 68 containers were (be) household goods, clothing, cloth, bags and suitcases.據(jù)第2條解題3. Two-fifths of the land in that dist

17、rict _is_covered (cover) with trees now, about 80% of which were planted (plant) in the 1990s.4. Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers over the years.據(jù)第3條解題5. Not only Jasper but also his friends are (be) planning to go, because they have never be

18、en there before.6. There are (be) also many small universities with only a few hundred students.短文改錯解題“ 3原則”1 .通過“語法一致”原則解決主謂一致問題(1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時謂語 動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞 that, who, which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中 先行詞的數(shù)一致。(3)單個的動名詞、名詞性從句作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。等引起的并列主語時，謂

19、語動詞的 主語后跟有 with, together with, as well as 數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。(5)復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)意義的詞，如 news, maths, plastics, physics作主語時，謂語動詞 用單數(shù)形式。2 .通過“意義一致”原則解決主謂一致問題(1)集體名詞作主語時，若被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成集 體的一個個成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有： family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience 等。(2)“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/the majority + of +名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語實際表達(dá)的意義。3 .通過“就近一致”原則解決主謂一致問題由 either .or ., neither .nor ., not only .but also .等連接的并列主語或者在there be句型中，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。據(jù)第1條解題1. Compared with online games, many traditional ga