1、中考初三專項復習被動語態學案一、學習目標1 .掌握被動語態的結構2 .掌握從主動語態轉換成被動語態的方法觀察句子ArecorderisusedinourEnglishclasseveryday.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.Acameraisusedfortakingphotos.Abankwasrobbedyesterday.Aman-madesatellitewassentupintospacelastyear.time.Thetreemustbeplantedontheground.Thegroundwillbecoveredwithtreesinafe

2、wyearsTheywillbesenttothehospitalrightnow.Atalkwillbegivensoon.Lookandfindoutthesimilarities（相同點）：Footballisplayedallovertheworld.Acameraisusedfortakingphotos.Abankwasrobbedyesterday.Aman-madesatellitewassentupintospacelastyear.Thetreemustbeplantedontheground.Thegroundwillbecoveredwithtreesinafewyea

3、rs'time.Theywillbesenttothehospitalrightnow.Atalkwillbegivensoon.二、知識講解Conclusion:（一）當我們不知道誰是動作的執行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者時，或者只需強調動作的承受者時，要用被動語態。被動語態：主語是動作的承受者被動語態的構成：be+動詞過去分詞如果要特別強調動作或行為的執行者時句子后面需接by，譯為“被（由）各個時態的被動語態一般現在時一am/is/are+動詞過去分詞一般過去時一was/were+動詞過去分詞一般將來時一willbe/begoingtobe+動詞過去分詞現在進行時一be（a

4、m、is、are）+being+動詞過去分詞現在完成時一have/has+been+動詞過去分詞被動語態的否定句和疑問句Thissongisnotlikedbyyoungpeople.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.JapaneseisnotwidelyusedinEuropeancountries.IsChineseusedonlyinChina?Wereth&seclothesmadeintheU.S.A.?Whatvasitmadeof?Itwasmadeofbamboo.主動語態如何改成被動語態?Thatboybrokethewindowyesterday.Thew

5、indowwasbrokenby.thatboyyesterday.小測試：請把下列句子轉換成被動語態1. ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2. Heboughtmeanewbikeyesterday.3. Thebossmadehimdotheheavyworkintheolddays.4. Tommusthandinthecompositionafterclass.Conclusion:（二）主動語態如何改成被動語態？1 .主動語態的賓語改成被動語態的主語。2 .主動語態的謂語動詞改成被動語態的謂語動詞。do-bedone3 .注意保持時態和人稱的一致。4 .帶雙賓的謂語動詞

6、有兩種改法。當把直接賓語改成主語時，謂語動詞后必須加適當的介詞：to或for.如：givefbegivento止匕類動詞還有:pass,show,send再如：buyfbeboughtfor止匕類動詞還有:make,draw,cook,mend5. 一些動詞不定式在主動語態中省略to作賓語補足語，改成被動語態時，to必須還原。注意：1 .不及物動詞（vi.）不用被動語態。如：happen、takeplace、appear、disappear例旬：Atrafficaccident（happen）justnow.2 .連系動詞（Link.v.）不用被動語態。如：be、look、seem、feel、

7、sound、smell、taste、get、turn、become例旬：PekingOpera(sound)beautiful.3 .當此動詞表示事物的自然屬性的時候，不用被動語態。例旬：Thepen(write)veryfast.Thiskindofsweater(sell)well.被動語態的其他注意事項：1 .適合被動語態的情況不知道誰是動作的執行者，或由于某種原因沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者時例旬：Thisjacketismadeofcotton.Thebookwaswrittenforchildren.需要突出或強調動作的承受者時例旬：Foodisneededbyeverylivin

8、gthing.Englishiswidelyusednowadays.2 .主動語態不能變為被動語態的情況當賓語是反身代詞時例旬：ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Parker.Ifoundmyselfinthepark.當謂語是表狀態的及物動詞時例旬：Doesthepairofnewshoessuityou?Wewillhaveameeting.三、練習環節1. Ifthework,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished2. Itwasrainingheavilyo

9、utside,thechildrenweremadeintheclassroom.A.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayed3. Katetheletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.A.haswrittenB.waswrittenC.hadwrittenD.iswriting4. Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.A.needn'tbethrownB.mustn'tbethrownC.can'tthrowD.maynotthrow5. Ilikemy

10、bike.Itverywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden6. Iwon'tcometothepartyunlessTom,too.YoumeanifTomcomes,you'llcome.A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvitedit.A. laughedatB. waslaughed7. EveryonewhoheardMr.Green'sstoryC.laughedA. lookafterB. betakengoodcareC. lookthesameD. betakengo

11、odcareof9.Thewomanstilldoesn'tknowwhatinherhometownwhilesheD.waslaughedat8. Thechildrenmustwasaway.A.happensB.happenedC. willhappenD. washappened10.Isawyouwereonfootthismorning.Yes.MybikeA.ismendingB.isbeingmendedC.ismendedD.isbeingmending用括號內單詞的適當形式填空：1. Allthestudents(ask)tobringakitewiththeml

12、astSunday.2. Aremanyways(try)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees?3. Whatareonshowinthemuseum?Somephotos(take)byAmericanchildren.4. Thiscoat(wash)well.5. Musttheoldpeople(speak)topolitely?6. I'moften(warn)nottocopyothers'homework.7. Hecouldn'texplainwhydinosaurs(disappear).8. I'llh

13、avemybike(mend/repair)tomorrow.9. Haveyoufoundyournecklace(steal)lastweek?10. ThePRCwas(found)onOctober1,1949.、英語閱讀理解專項練習試卷1. (2017南充)根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。WemovedawayfrommygrandmotherwhenIwaseightyearsold.Imissedheralot.Iwasherfavoritegranddaughterandshewasmyfavoritegrandma.Twoyearslatermymotherandfatherse

14、paratedandsoondivorced.Ifeltasifmyworldwasfallingapart.Ilivedwithmymotherforatime,nextdoortomygrandmaandgrandpainanapartmentwhilemyfatherwasawayduringWorldWarn.Grandmaneverhadmuchinthewayofmoneyormaterialthings.Butitwasthelittlethingsshegavemethatletmefeelwarm,likelettingmedipmyfingersinthesugarbowl

15、,lettingmesipthecoffeefromhercuporallowingmetositonthetableasIhadmeals.Thoughshedidn'thavemuch,shedidsomethingformybrotherandme.Iwillalwaysremembershesavedhercoinsinaglassjar.Ithoughtmygrandmacouldhaveusedthesecoinsherself,butshesavedthemtogiveuswhenwecametovisither.Idon'trememberhowmuchweco

16、llectedonourvisits,norwastheamount(數目)important.Itwastheideathatsherememberedus,andcaredaboutuswhenwewereawayfromher.(1) Whathappenedtothewriterwhenshewaseightyearsold?A.Shemovedawayfromhergrandma.B.Shemovedawayfromherparents.C.Shelivedwithhergrandparents.D.Shelivedwithheraunt.(2) Whatdoestheunderli

17、nedwordadivorced"meaninChineseinParagraph2?A.和好BJ架嘀婚Dfc氣(3) Thewriter'sgrandmaallowedhertodomanythings.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?A.Thewritercoulddipherfingersinthesugarbowl.B.Thewriterwasallowedtosipthecoffeefromhergrandma'scup.C.Thewritercouldsitonthetablewhilehavingmeals.hD.Th

18、ewriterwasallowedtocollectcoinsinaglassjar.(4) Forwhomdidthewriter'sgrandmasavehercoins?A.Forherson.B.Forhergrandchildren.C.Forthepoor.D.Forherself.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thewriterdislikedherchildhood.卜B.Thewritercomplainedaboutherparents.C.Thewritermissedhergrandmasomuch.D.Thewriterwant

19、edtohavehergrandma'smoney.【答案】(1)AC(3) D(4) BC【解析】【分析】文章大意：這篇短文主要介紹了作者祖母雖然沒有多少金錢或物質，但是通過用心的為孫子(女)做的小事情，讓作者感到非常的溫暖，感受到濃濃的愛。(1)細節理解題。根據短文開頭WemovedawayfrommygrandmotherwhenIwaseightyearsold.,可知作者八歲時和祖父母分開了，故選A。(2)詞義猜測題。根據上文Twoyearslatermymotherandfatherseparated我的父母分居及后文Ifeltasifmyworldwasfallingap

20、art.作者感到世界分崩離析，可知父母離婚了，故選C。(3)細節理解題。根據lettingmedipmyfingersinthesugarbowl,lettingmesipthecoffeefromhercuporallowingmetositonthetableasIhadmeals.可知不包括在玻璃罐子里收集硬幣。故選D。(4)細節理解題。根據Ithoughtmygrandmacouldhaveusedthesecoinsherself,butshesavedthemtogiveuswhenwecametovisither.可知祖母是為了孫子(女)贊硬幣。故選B。(5)細節理解題。根據作者

21、對祖母溫情的回憶，可知作者非常愛自己的祖父母，非常想念她。對比選項，故選Co【點評】閱讀考題中細節理解題和猜測詞義題屬于客觀題；主旨大意題和推理判斷題屬于主觀題。針對不同類型的題目，要在平時的練習過程中，結合具體的題目，給學生進行解題方法的指導和講解。對于客觀題，要提醒他們閱讀時關注文章的細節，如時間，地點或一些具體數字，在選擇答案時，務必從原文中找到確切的依據。2.根據短文內容，判斷正誤。DearAlan,Guesswhat?Ihaveachancetochoosemynewplacetolivein.Iamexcitedandalittlenervous.Couldyoupleasegiv

22、emesomehelp?IamnotsurewhetherIwillliveinahouseorinanapartment.Ontheonehand,ahousewillbetoobigforjustoneperson,somaybeIshouldrentanapartment,Ontheotherhand,ifIrentahouse,Icouldfindsomeoneelsetosharewithme.Theonlyproblemisthatahousefullofpeoplemightbetoonoisyforme.Iprefertohavemyownspace.Thecityhassom

23、eniceapartments,buttheyarealsotooexpensive.However,ifIcouldfindatwo-bedroomapartmentandgetaroommate,thatwouldmakeitmoreaffordable.Ijustneedtosearchforaroommatewhoisneatandquiet.YouknowIcannotlivewithsomeonewhoisloudandmessy.Idonothaveacar,soIalsoneedtothinkcarefullyaboutthelocation.Iprobablyneedtolo

24、okforsomewherenearabusstoporanundergroundstation.ThatwayIwillhavemoretimetostudyandspendlesstimetravelling.I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Love,Victor(1) Victorfeelsexcitedbecausehecandecidewheretolive.(2) Victorwantstosharethehousewitha(an)neatandquietperson.(3) IfVictorfindsaroommate,hewillwastem

25、oney.(4) Victordoesn'thaveacar,sohewantsatwo-bed-roomapartmentVictoralsoneedstothinkcarefullyaboutthelocation.【答案】(1)11(3) 0(4) 01【解析】【分析】主要講了Victor寫信向Alan詢問怎樣選擇新居住地。11)細節題。根據Ihaveachancetochoosemynewplacetolivein.Iamexcitedandalittlenervous.可知Victor是興奮的，因為他有機會選擇新住址，故選正確。(2) 細節題。根據Ijustneedtosea

26、rchforaroommatewhoisneatandquiet.可知Victor希望舍友是干凈和文靜的，故選正確。(3)細節題。根據However,ifIcouldfindatwo-bedroomapartmentandgetaroommate,thatwouldmakeitmoreaffordable.可知Victor找到舍友后會平分房租，所以不是浪費錢，故選錯誤。(4) 細節題。根據Idonothaveacar,soIalsoneedtothinkcarefullyaboutthelocation.可知Victor沒有車，所以也需要仔細考慮位置，而不是想要一個兩間臥室的公寓，故選錯誤。(

27、5) 細節題。根據Idonothaveacar,soIalsoneedtothinkcarefullyaboutthelocation.可知Victor沒有車，所以也需要仔細考慮位置，故選正確。【點評】考查閱讀理解，主要考查細節題，注意從文中仔細尋找答案。3.閱讀理解Acoupleofsparrows(麻雀)livedhappilyinahugetreeinajungle.Thefemalesparrowhadlaidhereggsandtheywereexpectingtheirbabiessoon.Oneday,anelephantwasunabletotoleratetheheatoft

28、hesummersun.Hedestroyedalltrees,includingthetreewherethesparrowslived.Thesparrowsmanagedtoescapebyflyingaway,buttheylosttheirbabies.Theeggsfelldowntothegroundandbrokeintopieces.Theycriedloudlyanddecidedtokilltheelephant.Theyaskedtheirfriends,awoodpeckerandaflyforhelp.Theflytookthemtomeetoneofhisfrie

29、nds,anoldfrog.Thefrogwaswiseandhecameupwithagoodplansoon.Thefrogexplained,"Fly!Yourtaskistobuzzintheelephant'searsinordertomakehimsleepy.Thewoodpeckerstaskistohurthiseyesandmakehimblind.Inthishotsummerdays,hewillcertainlysearchforwater.Iwillsitbythenearbypit(深坑)andshoutatthetopofmyvoice.&qu

30、ot;Hecontinued,"Whenthethirstyelephanthearsme,hewillthinkthereisapondorlakenearbyandfollowmyvoice.Andwhenhedoesso,hewillfallintothepitanddie."Theothersagreedtothefrog'splan.Everyonedidtheirtasksperfectly.Finally,theelephantfellintothepitanddied.(1) Theunderlinedword"tolerate"

31、means.A.protectB.standC.mindD.encourage(2) Whydidthesparrowswanttokilltheelephant?A. Becausetheelephantdestroyedalltrees.B. Becausetheelephantkilledsomesmallanimals.C. Becausetheelephant'sbehaviormadethemlosetheirbabies.D. Becausetheelephantwantedtoowntheirtree.(3) Inwhatorderdidthefollowingeven

32、tstakeplace?a. Thefrogshoutedbythepit.b. Theflybuzzedintheelephant'sears.C.Theelephantfellintothepitanddied.d. Theelephantwantedtosearchforwater.e. Thewoodpeckermadetheelephantblind.A.e-b-d-a-cB.b-e-d-a-cC.e-b-a-d-cD.b-e-a-d-c(4) Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Afriendiseasierlostthanfound.B.Agoo

33、dbeginningishalfdone.C.Factspeakslouderthanwords.D.Manyhandsmakelightwork.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.APerfectPlanB.APoorElephantC.GoodFriendsD.WiseSparrows【答案】(1)BC(3) B(4) DA【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文講的是幾個弱小的動物齊心協力殺死大象的故事。兩只麻雀因為大象的魯養行為失去了孩子。他們向啄木鳥和蒼蠅求助，蒼蠅帶他們去見一只青蛙。青蛙想出了一個需要他們共同實施的完美計劃，他們成功殺死了那頭大象。(

34、1)詞義猜測題。結合上下文Oneday,anelephantwasunabletotoleratetheheatofthesummersun.Hedestroyedalltrees,includingthetreewherethesparrowslived.的描述可知，天氣很熱，大象無法忍受”這種熱，就毀壞了所有的樹，包括麻雀住的那棵，tolerate的含義是忍受；容忍”，和stand同義，故答案為B。(2)細節理解題。根據本段中的"buttheylosttheirbabies以及“Theycriedloudlyanddecidedtokilltheelephant."可知

35、麻雀想殺大象的原因是大象間接殺害了他們的孩子，故答案為C。(3)推理判斷題。通讀這五六兩段可知，事件發生的順序是：蒼蠅在大象的耳朵邊嗡嗡叫一啄木鳥啄瞎大象的眼睛一大象想找水一青蛙在深坑邊大叫一大象掉進深坑里死了，故答案為B。(4)推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文講述幾個弱小的動物齊心協力殺死大象的故事，闡述的道理是粉人拾柴火焰高”，故答案為Do(5)主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文講的是麻雀、啄木鳥、蒼蠅和青蛙共同實施的一個殺死大象的完美計劃，故答案為A。【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文考查細節題，詞義推斷題，推理判斷題和主旨題等常考題型，細節題要注意從文中抓住關鍵詞尋找答案；主旨題，詞義推斷題以及判斷

36、題都需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出正確選項。4.根據短文理解選擇正確答案。CIfmusicmakesyousmarterandexercisehelpsyoutothink,surelyexercisingtomusiccanturnyouintoacleverperson.AteamofscientistsfromOhioStateUniversitydidexperimentson33volunteerswhoweregettingbetterfromheartdiseaseafteroperations.Theyfoundthosevolunteerswhoexercisedwhilel

37、isteningtoItalianmusicianAntonioVivaldi'sTheFourSeasonsdidmuchbetteronlanguageabilityteststhanwithoutmusic.Itisalsousedinmedicalfieldsforpatientswhohavehadheadhurtsbecauseofitsmoderatetempo（舒緩的節拍）.“Exerciseseemstocausepositivechangesinthenerve神經）systemandthesechangesmayimprovethelearningabilityo

38、fpeoplewithheartdisease,“saidthepsychologistCharlesEmery,headded.wholedthestudy."AndlisteningtomusicisthougentHanceunderstanding.Wejustwantedtoputthetworesultstogether,Thevolunteerssaidtheyfeltbetteremotionallyandphysicallyafterexercisingwithorwithoutmusic.Buttheirimprovementonthetestdoubledaft

39、erlisteningtomusicduringexercise.Scientistshaveprovedthatmusiccanbegoodforhealthandeducation.Ithelpsreducestressandsadness,encouragerelaxationorsleep,wakeupthebodyandimprovememoryandthoughts.Scientistshavebeenstudyingtheresultsofexercisetomusiconlearningandunderstandingsincetheearly1950s.Astudyshowe

40、dthatstudentswholistenedtoMozart'sviolinpiecesandexercisedwentontogethighermarksinanIQtest.Withimportantexamsdrawingnear,yourparentswillnotprobablyallowyoutolistentomusicorplaysports.Butperhapsnowyouhavegoodreasonstoarguewiththem.(1) Whatdoestheunderlinedwordenhancemean?A.produceB.provideC.impro

41、veD.impress(2) Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthat.A. youshouldfollowyourparents'wordsB. youhavesomegoodreasonstojoininanIQtestC. goodmarksdependonlisteningtomusicandexcisingD. exercisetomusicmighthelpyougethighergradesintests(3) Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A. Musichelpsvolunteersgetbette

42、rfromheartdisease.B. Exerciseisusedforpeoplewithheadhurts.C. Exercisecausesnochangesinhealthwithoutmusic.D. Musiccanhelpyourelaxandfeelenergetic.(4) Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ExercisetoMusicB.MusicandstudyC.ImportanceofMusicD.StudiesonExercise【答案】(1)CD(3) D(4) A【解析】【分析】本文主要介紹了多聽音樂可以提高我們的

43、學習能力，可以讓我們更健康，有聰明，說明了音樂的重要作用。(1)詞義猜測。根據本段第句"Factssuggestthatexerciseimprovesthelearningabilityofpeoplewithheartdisease,說明音樂可以提高那些患病的人的學習能力，說明Andlisteningtomusicisthoughttoenhanceunderstanding.中的enhance是指提高，增弓it的意思。produce生產；provide提供；improve提高；impress給留下印象。故C正確。(2)細節理解。根據文章倒數3,4行Astudyshowedstu

44、dentswholistenedtoMozartwentontoscorehighermarksinanintelligencetest.說明多聽音樂可能讓人在智力測試中得到高分，說明D項正確。(3)細節理解。根據倒數第二段Scientistshaveprovedthatmusiccanbegoodforhealthandeducation.Ithelpsreducestressandsadness,encouragerelaxationorsleep,wakeupthebodyandimprovememoryandthoughts可知音樂可以減少壓力，讓人放松，喚醒身體，提高記憶等，故選Do

45、(4)主旨大意。本文第一句Ifmusicmakesyousmarterandexercisehelpsyoutothink,surelyexercisingtomusiccanturnyouintoacleverperson是文章的中心句,下文者B是圍繞第句進行闡述，故選Ao【點評】本文主要講述的是音樂的重要作用，需要考生在閱讀的時候有足夠的耐心。要養成在上下文串聯中猜測詞義的能力，根據上下文中出現的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞，以及詞義的解釋來理解生詞。同時要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影響。要根據題目及選項以及文章的上下文串聯合理的判斷推理。5.閱讀理解Whenyouthinkofamuse

46、um,Ibetyoudon'tthinkofaplacewherechildrenrunaround.ButtheScienceMuseumisdifferent.It'snoisy!YoucangettotheScienceMuseumbygoingontheLondonUndergroundfromWaterlooontheJubileeLinetoWestminster.ThentaketheCircleortheDistrictLinetoSouthKensington.Whenyouwalkout,takealookaroundyou,andyoushouldseeit.Whattobring:atleasttwobottlesofdrinksforthekidsandf10tospendinthecafes.Entranceisfree!Themostinterestingandexcitingpartofcominghereistogotothekids'area,theLaunchPadonthe3rdfloor.Atbusytimes,youmayhavetowaitinli