1、Module4 Great Scientists重點單詞1.quantity n.數量 觀察思考 The printing firm buys papers in quantities.那家印刷公司成批買紙。 Great quantities of fish are caught at this time every year.= A great quantity of fish is caught at this time every year.每年這個時候都捕獲大量的魚。It was a bad year for films, in terms of both quantity and q

2、uality.今年的電影無論從數量上還是質量上都說不上好。 歸納拓展a quantity of 許多;大量quantities of許多;大量in large quantities 大量地in quantity大量地in large amount大量地注意 a quantity of和quantities of既可修飾可數名詞復數,也可修飾不可數名詞;其作主語時,a quantity of+名詞,謂語動詞應視名詞的具體情況而定,即:跟可數復數應用復數動詞,跟不可數時應用單數動詞;后者用復數,即和quantity一致。 活學活用As a result of the earthquake, a l

3、arge _ of earth _ blocked several rivers there.A.number;has B.quantity;has C.number;have D.quantity;have 解析 a number of 只修飾可數名詞復數形式,而earth是不可數名詞,故選B項。 2.brief adj.簡短的;簡潔的;短暫的 His book A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and is still a best seller.他的書時間發展簡史于1988年出版, 而且現在還是暢銷書。 觀察思考 Could I

4、have a brief word with you, sir?先生,我能和你說幾句話嗎？ In brief, we should invest heavily in digital system.簡而言之,我們應該對數字化系統大量投資。 歸納拓展in brief簡單地說to be brief簡單地說,一句話(用作插入語)be brief with sb.簡單地和某人說幾句話易混辨異in brief/in short(1)in brief “簡單地說”,著重于重點突出,不拖泥帶水。(2)in short“總之”,多用來指在較長的敘述后,長話短說,帶有“綜上所述”的意思?；顚W活用He stood

5、 up and made a _ speech, short but to the point.A.simple B.brief C.easy D.dull 解析 根據句中的short but to the point知應用 brief表示“簡短的”。 3.escape n.& v.逃跑;逃脫;逃避 The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.中國人發現從竹筒里漏出的氣體可以使其飛向空中。 觀察思考 The party was boringwe couldnt

6、 wait to make our escape. 聚會很無聊,我們迫不及待地要溜走。 Four prisoners who escaped from the jail in Mongolia have been caught. 從內蒙古監獄逃出的四名罪犯已經被抓住。The dog escaped through/from the back window of the bus.狗從公共汽車的后窗逃走了。歸納拓展make ones escape逃跑have a narrow escape九死一生a fire escape緊急出口;安全門have ones escape cut off被切斷逃路e

7、scape (doing) sth.逃脫(做)某事escape from (out of)+sp.從逃脫/逃走escape from reality逃避現實 escape后常接動名詞作賓語。 易混辨異escape/escape from/flee三者都含有“逃,逃跑”的意思,但側重點有所不同。(1)escape強調“逃避,逃脫(不愉快的事)”,含有成功逃脫的意味,這個意義不用被動式。(2)escape from指“從(監禁,管制中)逃脫,逃走” 或是指“(氣體,液體等)漏出,泄漏”,也含有成功逃 脫的意味。(3)flee“逃離”,不表示逃跑的結果成功與否。 活學活用How did your f

8、ather deal with you?We were lucky to _ being punished.A.admit B.escape C.consider D.stop 解析 根據語境知是“幸運地逃過了懲罰”,故用 escape doing sth.。 4.clear v.(煙霧等)消散;清除;adj.易懂的;明白的 When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.當煙散去時,萬虎和椅子都不見 了。 觀察思考 After supper, my younger brother often helps mother c

9、lear away the dishes. 晚飯后,弟弟經常幫母親收拾碟子。 They cleared up the misunderstanding and made up.他們消除了誤會,和好了。I made it clear to him that I rejected his proposal.我清楚地告訴他我拒絕了他的建議。We spent all Saturday morning cleaning up.我們整個星期六上午都在打掃衛生。 歸納拓展clear away把清除掉;收拾clear up整理,收拾;天氣放晴;消除(疑慮,誤會等)clear off迅速逃離clear out除

10、掉;整理clear ones throat清嗓子make.clear講清楚;弄明白 易混辨異clear/clean二者都含有“使干凈”的意思,為同義詞。(1)clear adj. clear water清澈的水;v. clear the table收拾桌子(除去不必要的東西)。(2)clean adj. clean water干凈的水;v. clean the table擦干凈桌子。活學活用The mystery was _ when he admitted he had been there all the time.A.cleared out B.cleared awayC.cleared

11、 up D.cleared off解析 clear up消除(疑慮,誤會等)；clear out除掉；整理;clear away把清除掉；clear off迅 速逃離。 重點短語與句型5.bring in請來;引進;賺錢;收割莊稼 Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system. 全國的研究者都被召集來開發這個新的體系。 觀察思考 Theyve brought in experts to advise on the project.他們已請來專家對該項目提供意見。 They have broug

12、ht in some advanced equipment.他們引進了一些先進設備。He was out all day in the rain yesterday and this brought on/about a bad cold.他昨天一整天都在外面淋雨,因此患了重感冒。 歸納拓展bring on導致,促成;使發展/進步bring out闡釋;出版(書籍等);發揮bring up教育;養育;提出;嘔吐bring about引起;導致bring back歸還;使記起;使恢復bring down使落下 活學活用(1)His idea of having weekly family mea

13、ls together,which seemed difficult at first, has _ many good changes in their lives.A.got through B.resulted fromC.turned into D.brought about解析 句意為:他的每周一次的家庭團聚的主意,一 開始似乎困難,但現在已給他們的生活帶來了巨大變化。get through通過,完成;result from (作為原因)產生,發生;turn into變成;bring about導致。 (2)The policeman _ a thief caught _ in th

14、e supermarket.A.brought up;stealing B.brought in;stealing C.brought out;stolen D.brought on;stolen 解析 bring in帶進來;catch sb.doing sth.抓住某人在做某事。 6aaae to/into power (開始)掌權;上臺 Albert Einstein left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US. 當希特勒上臺后,愛因斯坦離開德國到美國工作。 觀察思考 The masses put t

15、he Labor Party into power.群眾讓工黨上臺執政。 The communists seized/took power in 1962.在1962年共產黨取得政權。 歸納拓展in ones power為某人力所能及in power當權的,掌權的beyond ones power力所不能及within ones power力所能及do all in ones power盡力,竭盡全力fall from power下野,下臺take/seize power奪取政權o power使執政;使上臺活學活用Which political party _ in France

16、 currently?A.came to power Baaaes into powerC.is in power D.was put into power解析 由時間狀語currently知表示“目前,法國哪 個政黨當權？”,故C項正確。 7.Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.它的產量比巴基斯坦所種植的其他水稻的產量都要高很多。 句式分析 本句是一個用much修飾比較級的句型。much修飾比較級,意為“得多”。修飾比較級的常見詞還有:a little, a bit

17、, a lot, rather, by far, far, even, still, any, no等。 She is feeling a lot better today.今天她感覺好多了。The patient looked still worse today than yesterday.病人看上去比昨天狀態更差。She speaks English far better than her classmates.她比她的同學們英語說得好。 活學活用(1)What did you think of your visit to the museum? I thoroughly enjoyed

18、 it.It was _ than I expected. A.some more interesting B.a lot interesting C.far more interesting D.even much interesting 解析 由空后的than知應用比較級,而some不能用來修飾比較級,far則可以。 (2)After several yearsresearch, scientists now have a _ better understanding of the HIV. A.very B.far C.fairly D.quite 解析 far better under

19、standing更好的理解。 8.Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the worlds first astronaut? 或者他被帶到數英里的太空,成為世界上第一 個宇航員？句式分析 句中的becoming the worlds first astronaut是現在分詞短語作結果狀語。現在分詞作結果狀語 常表示一種自然結果或意料之中的結果。 He beat all the other players, winning the first award.他擊敗了所有其他的選手,獲得了一等獎。The fire lasted nearly a

20、week, leaving nothing valuable.大火持續了近一周,沒剩下什么值錢的東西。 歸納拓展不定式也可以充當結果狀語,往往指意料之外的或偶然的結果,特別是和only連用時。He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起了石頭,結果砸了自己的腳。 活學活用Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A.have reached B.reaching C.to

21、reach D.to be reaching解析 reaching短語作結果狀語。 9.2/3 of the worlds population regularly eat rice.世界人口中有三分之二的人經常吃大米。觀察思考 Three quarters of the workers are young.工人中的四分之三都是青年人。 Two thirds of the earths surface is covered by water.地球表面的三分之二被水覆蓋。歸納拓展(1)分數或百分數修飾名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數由名詞決定。若是不可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數;若主語是可數

22、名詞復數,則謂語動詞要用復數。(2)表達分數時,分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞。分子大于一時,分母的序數詞加s。one/a half二分之一one fourth/a quarter四分之一one fifth五分之一four fifths五分之四three fourths/three quarters四分之三 活學活用Dr.Smith,together with his wifeand daughters, _ visit Beijing this summer.A.is going to B.are going toC.was going to D.were going to解析 當主語后出現to

23、gether with/as well as等介詞短語時,謂語動詞的數與介詞短語前的主語保持 一致,故可排除B、D兩項;根據時間狀語this summer可知應用一般將來時態。 高考鏈接【例1】A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men. (福建高考) A.under B.with C.on D.by 解析 句意為:偉人通過他對待小人物的方式顯出其偉大。四個選項中,只有by能表示“通過方式”。 【例2】Did the book give the information you needed? Yes.But _

24、it,I had to read the entire book. (北京高考) A.to find B.find C.to be finding D.finding 解析 空格處所在的句子句意為:是的,但是為了找到它,我不得不閱讀了整本書。表示目的要用動 詞不定式形式。由于不表示正在進行,故不用進行時態。 【例3】The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. (江西高考) A.forced B.forcin

25、g C.to be forced D.having forced 解析 force所表示的動作和其邏輯上的主語the new laws之間是主動關系,故可排除A和C;又因為force表示的動作和謂語動詞plans是同時發生的, 所以用現在分詞形式。【例4】The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (江西高考) A.in it B.in C.in that D.in which 解析 分析句子結構可知house后面有一個限制性定語從句,而且定語從句的引導詞已經省略，那么該引導詞一定在

26、定語從句中作賓語,所以此空中要填介詞in,且其后不能再有賓語。 【例5】It is often _ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. (全國高考) A.said B.to say C.saying D.being said 解析 句意為：經常聽人說人類天生有說話的能力。It is said that.為固定句式，意為“據 說”。 課后練習1._ from Columbia University,Obama went to Harvard University for further study. A.Graduating B.

27、Graduated C.Having graduated D.Having been graduated 解析 句意為:從哥倫比亞大學畢業后,奧巴馬去了哈佛大學繼續深造。graduate的邏輯主語是 Obama,為主動式,因此排除B、D兩項,又因畢業發生在前,因此應選用完成式。 2.Why was John arrested by the police? It is said that _ drugs were discovered hidden in his house. A.a great amount of B.a plenty of C.a large quantity D.quant

28、ities of 解析 當“a quantity of+n.”或“quantities of+n.”作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數和quantity 一致。A項只修飾不可數名詞;B項應用plenty of, 謂語動詞的單復數和名詞一致,故選D項。 3.If immigrants are given the right to stay in Britain，some say it would _ up to 1 billion in extra tax revenue. A.bring in B.bring about C.bring up D.bring out 解析 bring in賺得(錢);

29、bring about引起,造成;bring up撫養;bring out拿出。 4.In the end,the _ prisoner was caught in the desert. A.escape B.escaping C.escaped D.escapes 解析 escaped作定語修飾prisoner,表示動作完成,即“已經逃掉的罪犯”。 5.The old lady came in,_ herself with a walking stick. A.raising B.supporting C.lifting D.rising 解析 考查動詞辨析。raise舉起,升高;supp

30、ort 支撐;支持;lift舉起;rise升起。句意為:老婦人 拄著拐杖進來了。 6.He didnt pass the exam _ his long absence from school. A.as a result B.after all C.as a result of D.because 解析 分析句子知空處需一個表示原因的介詞,即C項正確。7.The survey shows that driving under the influence of alcohol _ many traffic accidents. A.results from B.brings out C.ans

31、wers for D.leads to 解析 句意為:研究表明，酒后開車會導致很多的交通事故。lead to導致;result from由于;bring out生產;拿出;answer for得到的報應。 8.At the sight of her mother,the surprise in her face was _ by joy. A.taken place B.replaced C.in place of D.instead of 解析 replace替代;take place發生;in place of代替;instead of代替。但句中空處需一個動詞的過去分詞。 9.Mr. Wang has written some short plays,but he is better known _ his paintings. A.for B.as C.to D.with 解析 be known for以而出名,為固定搭配。be known as作為而出名,as后常接表示職業 的名詞。 10.The fox was lucky enough to escape _ the hunter. A.from B.catching C.from catching D.being caught 解析