1、Unit 8Focus on Global WarmingKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI. AII. 1. T; 2. T; 3. F; 4. F; 5. F.III.1. Paragraph 2. Because global warming may be the single largest threat to our planet（the earth）. Low-lying nations could be awash in seawater, rain and drought patterns across the world could

2、 change, hurricanes could become more frequent, and El Ninos could become more intense.2. Paragraph 3. Our factories, power plants, and cars burn coal and gasoline and spit out carbon dioxide, produce methane by allowing our trash to decompose in landfills and by breeding large herds of methane-belc

3、hing cattle, and release nitrogen oxide by using nitrogen-based fertilizers.3. Paragraph 4. The increased concentrations of greenhouse gases prevent additional thermal radiation from leaving the Earth, so cause the global warming.4. Paragraph 7. A slight increase in heat and rain in equatorial regio

4、ns would increase vector-borne diseases such as malaria; more intense rains and hurricanes could cause more severe flooding and more deaths in coastal regions and along riverbeds; even a moderate rise in sea level could threaten the low-lying islands; hotter summers could lead to more cases of heats

5、troke, hospital admissions and deaths among vulnerable people with heart problems or respiratory problems.5. Paragraph 8 and 10. We can curb our consumption of fossil fuels and use technologies to reduce the emission of heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides, and protec

6、t the forests in the world, and we can also advocate policies that will combat global warming over the long term, things like clean cars, environmentally responsible renewable energy technologies, and stopping the clear-cutting of valuable forests.IV.1. Global warming will probably be the most serio

7、us threat to our Earth, if we do not take into account of some other possible disasters, such as another world war, collision of our Earth with some small orbiting planet, or spread of incurable diseases.2. In terms of human health, the people of the poorer countries will suffer most, because their

8、countries do not have money to protect them when climate changes.Structural analysisSub-ideas in the second part:1) the causes of the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Paragraphs 3 and 4)2) the effect of such concentration on climate change (Paragraphs 5 and 6)3) the potent

9、ial threat of global warming to human health and survival (Paragraph 7)VocabularyI. Phrase1. with the exception of: except, apart from 除之外，不包括在內2. In essence = essentially, basically 本質上，根本上3. wherever possible: whenever it is possible 只要可能4. over the long term: over a long period 從長遠看5. alternative

10、 = substitutable, different, replaceableII.1. focus; 2. much the same; 3. consciousness; 4. threat; 5. deserved; 6. decomposed; 7. revealed; 8. frequent.III. Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. perusal 2. intensified 3. excessive 4. speculative 5. abund

11、ance 6. inclusive 7. emits 8. locally IV.1. A; 2. D; 3. B; 4. C; 5. D; 6. A; 7. C; 8. A.V. Synonym / AntonymGive a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: mainly, basically, firstly2. Antonym: unfortunately, unluckily3. Antonym: exclude4. Syn

12、onym: part, division5. Antonym: decrease, lowering6. Antonym: unavailable7. Synonym: weak, insecure, unsafe8. Antonym: irresponsibleVI. PrefixWrite in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.1. centigrade centimeter 2. kilogram kilometer 3. synopsis synthetic 4.

13、 supervise superior 5. submarine submerge 6. astronaut astronomy 7. microbiology microwave 8. overwork overload Grammar ExercisesI. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb forms.1. began / / have had2. A: Have / talkedB: Have talked / talked3. has invented4. have / telephoned / w

14、ent5. have been6. has got (gotten)7. has been8. have forgotten9. B: has goneB: About ten minutes ago.10. was / has disappeared.III.1. a. simple present form; b. “has obtained”.2. synonymous a. the speakers point of view; b. the listeners perspective.3. a. definite; b. indefinite4. a. still suffering

15、; b. past5. a. on the way or in Italy; b. left Italy.6. a. in the morning; b. after the morning7. a. today is not finished and he may drink more; b. simply happened today.8. a. passed away; b. still living.IV.1. have had have2. have been be3. laying lying4. bore bear5. Rang Rung6. rised risen7. had

16、hasV. Fill in the blanks with because, as, since, seeing that, for or because of.1. As / Since2. because / as3. As / Since / Seeing that4. because5. because of6. As / Since7. for8. as / because9. because of10. forTranslation exercisesI.1. 到因特網上查一查就可以證明，全球變暖這個主題在公眾意識中已經和麥當娜和微波爐一樣根深蒂固了。2. 如果我們不限制溫室氣體的

17、排放，低地國家就可能會遭到海水的沖刷，全世界雨水和干旱的規律就可能發生變化，颶風可能會更加頻繁，厄爾尼諾現象也可能更為嚴重。3. 我們還主張實施有關政策，與全球變暖現象進行長期斗爭，如駕駛使用替代燃料的清潔汽車、采用有利于環境保護的可再生能源技術，以及阻止濫伐寶貴的森林。4. 這個問題需要所有的人包括各國政府、工業界、社團，以及個人的協同合作，才會有真正的改觀。II.1. After months of negotiation, the two companies finally came up with a solution, which was in essence our origina

18、l proposal.2. The people of that African tribe worship the moon in much the same way that our ancestors worshipped the sun.3. It is still a puzzle as to how the ancient Egyptian pyramids were built over 4,000 years ago. Some people speculate that they were built by supernatural beings.4. The illegal

19、 use of inferior building materials eventually resulted in the collapse of the hotel.5. At present, many countries are taking action to mitigate the impact of the financial crisis on their economy.6. The couple finally divorced after years of incessant quarrels, which had resulted from a lack of und

20、erstanding.7. The governments of the two countries agreed to set up a military hotline to reduce the risk of war due to incorrect information.8. Some Chinese students were not very successful in American universities because they failed to adapt to the new environment there.Exercises for integrated

21、skillsI. DictationIt could be the title of a 21st-century horror movie: / “Death by Global Warming.” / Instead, it is a real-life warning / from an American university ecologist / who believes / global warming / may account for / millions of human deaths from disease. / Right now / the evidence of /

22、 significant global climate change / is minimal, / but there are already / noticeable increases / in human diseases worldwide. / Most of the increase in disease / is due to numerous environmental factors, / including infectious disease, / pollution by chemicals / and biological wastes, / and shortag

23、e of food. / Global warming will only / make matters worse. /Global climate change / will result in a loss of available food. / Although there may be some benefits / in crop production from warmer climates, / these beneficial effects / will not be so great. / Crop losses from plant disease and weeds

24、 / will increase in a warmer climate. /II. Cloze(1) among (2) with (3) by (4) up (5) much (6) not (7) to (8) as (9) whose (10) to Writing PracticeRead and consider the following topic sentences and then think of or search for famous quotable sayings on the Internet or from other sources. Develop eac

25、h paragraph using one or two quotes for each topic.1. It is hard to overestimate the importance of friendship.Ideas for reference:Friends are an indispensable part of humans life.Friends are the very persons that we get comforts and encouragements.Friends are our best fans whatever we do if it is go

26、od for us.Sample:As the saying goes “Whoever is delighted in solitude is either a wild beast or a god”, friends are an indispensable part of humans life. “A person without friends is just like a spring without flowers, a dish without seasoning, and it is absolutely meaningless”, as an ancient writer

27、 put it. Needless to say, friends play a significant role in our life. To begin with, friends are the very persons that we get comforts and encouragements we need to go on when our own store of willpower has become depleted. No one is bound to be strong and happy all the time, for life has its own u

28、p and down. And whenever we need them, friends will be with us, if not always, at least most of the time. Moreover, friends are our best fans whatever we do if it is good for us. When we put on a play, they will be our audiences; when give a speech, they will be our listeners; when we write a book,

29、they will be our readers. In a word, friends are the very persons that we feel flattered and relaxed no matter what stage we stand on. All in all, we have to say that it is hard to overestimate the importance of friendship and having friends is beneficial. They give us comforts and encouragements; s

30、trengths and confidences. Actually, “Truly great friends,” said a writer, “are hard to find, difficult to leave, and impossible to forget.” Therefore, we should cherish our friendship.2. Setting oneself high goals in life is important.Ideas for reference:Aim plays a significant role in our life.Sett

31、ing high goals makes us clearer of life.Setting high goals helps us use our time more efficiently.Setting high goals turns us more confident.Sample:As the saying goes “Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass”, aim plays a significant role in our life, especially when we want to make

32、some achievements. For our college students, it is needless to say that setting high goals in life is important. To begin with, setting high goals makes us clearer of life. We arent bound to succeed if we have no goal. Only when we have some idea of our life, will we work harder for it. Furthermore,

33、 setting high goals helps us use our time more efficiently. Having an aim in mind, we will take different actions at different periods of our college life, thus making us approach our dream closer and closer. Last but not the least, setting high goals turns us more confident. Just as “Rome isnt buil

34、t in a day”, our success cannot be achieved overnight. Bearing some goals in mind, we are easier to make progress every day, thus bringing in more confidence for us. All in all, we have to say that setting high goals is extremely necessary. It gives light to our future and makes us full of energy! I

35、f we want to make a difference in life, setting high goals please, for a clear goal determines our destiny!Listening ExercisesA. You will listen to an award-winning speech on trees in which a girl explains why she loves trees. What ideas would you expect to hear in such a speech? The following words

36、 may give you some hints. Try to guess their meanings while listening.² commodity (noun) product² nursery (noun)greenhouse, a place where plants are cultivated² damp (adjective) slightly wet² soil (noun)ground, dirt² disturb (verb) bother, upset² munch (verb) eat and ch

37、ew noisily² evergreen (noun) a plant that does not lose its leaves and stay green throughout the year² exterminate (verb) destroy, kill off² lumber (noun) wood from treesB. Listen to the speech again. Complete the following list which tells us why the girl likes trees.² She loves trees because they are very important t