1、高二必修 5 Unit 4 Making the news 重點詞匯詳解新課標(biāo) 人教版 高二第五模塊第四單元單詞解讀( Making the News )1. eager(keen, anxious) adj. 熱切的；渴望的 (after, about, for)The boy was eager for success. 男孩子急于獲得成功。He is eager for his parents to meet his girlfriends. 他盼望他的父母去見他的女朋友。The saleswoman in the shop is always eager to please every

2、body." 商店里的那個女售貨員總是十分殷勤,希望使人人滿意。 "【習(xí)慣用語】be eager for 渴望 , 渴求 , 爭取be eager about 渴望 , 渴求 , 爭取be eager after 渴望 , 渴求 , 爭取be eager to do 急欲 , 渴望做【參考詞匯】eager /keen /anxious 意思都含“渴望的” 。eager 指“以巨大的熱情渴望實現(xiàn)愿望或達(dá)到目的的” , 有時也指“由于其他感情影響而表 現(xiàn)急不可耐的” , 如 :He was eager to see her. 他渴望見到她。keen 指“對某人、 某物懷有極大興

3、趣或熱情的” , 如 : They were keen to win. 他們急于取勝。 anxious 指“熱切地希望實現(xiàn)愿望,并因顧慮愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦慮的” , 如 : l'manxious to know the final result. 我急于想知道最后的結(jié)果。eagerly adv. eagerness n.2. work/task/ duty/job/responsibility【參考詞匯】work 常指正式職業(yè)和職位的經(jīng)常性、一般性工作，不含有“艱巨” 、“沉重”等意思。是不 可數(shù)名詞。 at work 在工作work hard at努力工作(或?qū)W習(xí));out

4、of work失業(yè)。My work is as a doctor.我當(dāng)醫(yī)生(職業(yè))。task 一般指必須完成的 “任務(wù)”, 是可數(shù)名詞。 如: Mother set me the task of sweeping the floor. 母親把掃地的任務(wù) 交給了我。 task 往往含有“艱巨” 、“沉重”等意思。而 work 除另有修 飾語外不含此種意思。duty 指“道義上的責(zé)任” , 較強(qiáng)調(diào)“自覺性” , 如 : Every citizen has the duty to construct his country. 每個公民都有建設(shè)祖國的責(zé)任。job 指“活、事、一份工作”時是可數(shù)名詞,多

5、指為換取報酬而進(jìn)行的日常活動，尤指作為某人的手藝、行業(yè)或職業(yè)的工作。可數(shù)。 Washing the windows is not my job. 洗窗子不是我的 事兒(任務(wù))。習(xí)慣表達(dá) : a good job 一件好事 lose one's job 失業(yè) be out of a job 失業(yè) do a good job 干的不錯It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours aday. 修理 自行車就是他的話，而且常常是一天要干 14 個小時。responsibilit

6、y 指“由于法律、職業(yè)或道德等的要求而應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任” , 含有“法津上對后果負(fù) 責(zé)任”的意味 , 如 :The resposibility rests on us. 這由我們負(fù)責(zé)。 Do not forget your duty to your parents. 不要忘記 對父母應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。3. course n. 過程；經(jīng)過；進(jìn)程 in the course of discussion 在討論期間 道路；路線；方向 The ship was blown off course. 那船被吹離航線。【習(xí)慣用語】in course of 在 .的過程中in due course 在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候；不久以后

7、in the courts of 在 .期間during the course of 在 .期間4. meanwhile adv. 此時 同時They'll be here soon. Meanwhile we'll have some coffee. 他們即刻就到， 我們現(xiàn)在先喝點咖啡。 Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been.與此同時 ,我的舌頭忙于尋找被拔牙齒的傷口。Meanwhile, two other actors had carried two la

8、rge food baskets to a shady spot under some trees.與此同時 ,另外兩位演員把兩個盛著食物的大籃子拿到樹下蔭涼的地方。Jane was writing a letter and meanwhile Pat was watching T.V. 簡在寫信， 而在此同時帕特在看 電視。5. case n. 事；事例This is a case of stupidity, not dishonesty. 這只是個愚蠢的例子 ,并非不誠實。情形；場合；狀況 'Well, in that case, I would prefer to stay on

9、 the bus,' I an swered. ' 唉,那樣的 話,我寧愿留在車上啦 ,'我回答說。a case of poverty 窮苦的情形 病癥；病例 This is a case of fever. 這是一發(fā)燒的病例。 案件；訴訟 a difficult case to prove 一個很難辦的案子In this case I'm acting for my friend Mr Smith. 我在這次訴訟中代表我的朋友史密斯的利益。The case against Mr. White is said to be heard tomorrow. 據(jù)說懷特

10、先生被起訴一案定于明天開 庭。The case was settled out of court. 這案件在庭外解決。事實；實情 The police have a clear case against the prisoner. 警察有充足的事實對付那個囚 犯。Is that the case? No, that's not the case. 事實是那樣嗎 ?不 ,事實并非如此。【習(xí)慣用語】in case假使，以防（引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣）Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太陽很利害，你就把帽子戴上。in case of 假

11、如；如果；萬一 In case of rain they can't go. 萬一下雨，他們就不能去了。in any case 無論如何 ，不管怎樣in no case 決不；無論如何不in that case 如果是那樣的話in this case 假如這樣的話in the case of 就 .來說 ， 關(guān)于6. accuse vt. accused， accusing 控告；指控The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他謀殺。 The police accused him of stealing. 警 方控告他犯有盜竊罪。Mary was ac

12、cused as an accomplice. 瑪麗被指控為同謀犯。accuse/charge兩個動詞都有“控訴，指控”之意，但它們后面所搭配的介詞不同。accuse v指控，控訴，與介詞of連用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盜竊罪。charge v.可以指因為小錯而受的責(zé)備，也指因違法而受到控告，與介詞with連用。The police charged him with murder. 警察指控他犯了謀殺罪。【常用搭配】in charge of主管 看管in（under）the charge of在的掌管下charge sb.with 指控某

13、人charge（sb.）（money）for sth.要價要（某人）付.（錢）買某物take charge 開始管理 ，接管7. deny vt. denied， denying 否認(rèn)；否定；拒絕相信He said that I had stolen his bicycle， but I denied it. 他說我偷了他的自行車，可是我否認(rèn)了。 背棄；摒棄 He denied his country. 他背棄了自己的國家。拒絕；不給；不予；不允許 He denies his wife nothing. 他對他的妻子有求必應(yīng)。【習(xí)慣用語】deny oneself 自制；克己；舍棄deny /d

14、ecline /refuse /reject 都含“拒絕”的意思。 deny指"堅定地否認(rèn)某事為真實的”，如：He denied the charge.他否認(rèn)了控告。deny doing（否認(rèn)做過某事）；deny sb. sth（拒絕給某人某物）。Deny+that從句decline 指“較正式地、有禮貌地謝絕” ，如： He declined our invitation to dinner. 他婉拒了我 們請他吃飯的邀請。 主要用于拒絕有關(guān)社交活動的邀請或要求幫助的請求，后接名詞或動詞 不定式，主語只能是人。 I invited her to join us, but she d

15、eclined. 我邀請她和我們在一起，可 是她婉言謝絕了。refuse 系普通用語 ,指“堅決、果斷或坦率地 （不友善地 ）拒絕” , 如 : He refused to take the money. 他拒絕接受此款。reject 指“以否定、敵對的態(tài)度而當(dāng)面拒絕” （指通過拋棄或送走、專橫地拒絕 ）, 主語可以 是人或物，后接名詞，不能接動詞不定式。如: They rejected damaged goods. 他們拒收損壞的貨物。 He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.

16、他三次約 她去看電影，但每一次都被拒絕。8. defend vt. 保衛(wèi)；防護(hù)；防守She had to defend herself against the guard dog. 她不得不防備看門狗咬她。辯護(hù)；辯解 ；守衛(wèi)；防御He's better at defending than attacking. 他的防守優(yōu)于進(jìn)攻。 The accused man had a lawyer to defend him. 被告有一律師為他辯護(hù)。【習(xí)慣用語】 defend against 保衛(wèi); 抵抗 defend from 保護(hù) , 保衛(wèi)（使不受傷害 ）【參考詞匯】 defend /guar

17、d /protect /preserve 都含“保護(hù)” 、“使安全”的意思。defend 指“保衛(wèi)”“、 防御”, 應(yīng)用范圍很廣 , 對象可以是具體的 , 也可以是抽象的 , 用于 defend sb. against / from harm 結(jié)構(gòu)。如 : defend oneself against enemy 防御敵人。guard 指“注意觀察、戒備 , 以免受可能的攻擊或傷害” , 如: guard a coastline 守衛(wèi)海岸線。 protect 指“保護(hù) .以免遭受危險或傷害等” , 常用 protect sb. from sth./against sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)。 如 : p

18、rotect the children from harm 保護(hù)兒童免受傷害。preserve 指“防護(hù)、保存 .免被分解或腐爛” , 如 : Salt preserves food from decay. 鹽能防止 食物腐爛。secure 指確保不會發(fā)生意外等如 secure oneself against/from danger 使自己免于危險。By strengthening the river banks, the city secured itself against flood.由于加強(qiáng)了河堤 , 該城可確保免受水災(zāi)。9. normal adj. 正常的；常態(tài)的；一般的The no

19、rmal price of a ticket if $230! 一張票的正常價格是 230 英鎊。above below normal 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以上 下 return to normal 恢復(fù)正常The rain raised the river two meters above normal. 雨水使得這條河水位超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)兩米。 智力正常的；身心健全的 a normal child【參考詞匯】 normal /ordinary /regular 都含“正常的” 、“正規(guī)的” 、“普通的”的意思。normal 指“正常的”、“正規(guī)的”、“常態(tài)的” , 如 : the normal temperatu

20、re of the human body 人 的正常體溫。ordinary 強(qiáng)調(diào)“平常的” 、“平淡無奇的” ， 常指人或事物不特殊。 如： His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不過是面包和牛奶。 an ordinary day's work 日常 工作。regular 指“有規(guī)律的” 、“正規(guī)的”、“定期的” , 如 : He kept regular hours. 他過著有規(guī)律的 生活。common 強(qiáng)調(diào)“常見的” 、“ 不足為奇的” ， 如： Colds are common in winter.

21、感冒在冬天很常 見。 common knowledge/sense 常識general 意為 "普遍的”、"一般的”,女口： This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 這本書是為一般讀者寫的， 不是為專家寫的。10. 注意幾個表否定的副詞seldomadv. 不常，很少The children are seldom ill. 這些孩子很少生病。 Opportunity seldom knocks twice. 機(jī)不可失， 時不再來。barely adv. 貧乏地 ; 剛剛The

22、y had barely time to catch the plane. 他們差點沒來得及趕上飛機(jī)。The committee had barely entered into the matter when he felt dizzy. 委員會剛開始討論此事 他就感到頭暈了。He had barely enough money to buy food. 他僅有剛夠買食物的錢。hardly adv. 幾乎不；簡直不This is hardly the time to discuss such matters. 在現(xiàn)在討論這事根本不合適。It was so dark that I could h

23、ardly see. 天那么黑，我簡直看不見了。I can hardly ask him directly for more money. 我絕不能直接向他多要錢。He hardly ever eats meat. 他從來不吃肉。 Peter is hardly ever late. 瑪麗幾乎從不遲到。【習(xí)慣用語】 hardly any 幾乎沒有 hardly ever 很少scarcely adv. 不足地，不充分地， 幾乎沒有There is scarcely enough food. 幾乎沒有足夠的食物。There was scarcely anything mentioned abou

24、t that contract. 關(guān)于那份合同幾乎什么也沒提到。scarcely .when/before 調(diào)卜一 .就. (= hardly when = no sooner than .) narrowly adv. 僅僅；勉強(qiáng)； 恰好One car narrowly missed hitting the other one. 一輛車差點兒和另一輛相撞。The boy narrowly escaped being drowned. 那個男孩差一點被淹死。nearly adv. 幾乎，差不多The job's nearly finished. 這工作差不多完成了。 She nearl

25、y died. 她差點兒死了。Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. 幾乎每個人都參加一年一度'最佳花園賽 ' ,但喬每次都奪魁。I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. 我朝下一望看到一個警察 時,差上點從梯子上掉下來 rarely adv. 難得，很少 She is old and rarely goes out.

26、 她年紀(jì)大了，很少外出。He rarely comes here anymore. 現(xiàn)在他難得來這兒。Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. ' 大本鐘很少出差錯。Peter is rarely / seldom late. 彼得不常遲到。 ;彼得很少遲到。11. accurateadj. 準(zhǔn)確的；精確的 accurately adv. accurateness n.an accurate answer 準(zhǔn)確的答案Is this watch accurate? 這只表準(zhǔn)嗎 ?【參考詞匯】accurate /correct /exact 均含“正確的”意思。accu

27、rate 表示“準(zhǔn)確的” ,精確的” ,指“通過努力 , 使事情達(dá)到正確” , 指某人或某事不僅不 出錯， 而且與事實無出入， 強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)確性 如 : She gave an accurate account of the accident. 她對 事故做了準(zhǔn)確的描述。correct 為一般用語 , 指“正確的” , 指某人或某事合乎事實或公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或規(guī)則，沒有錯誤如: He gave correct answers to the questions. 他對這些問題提出了正確的答案。correct vt.改正；糾正 Please correct this mistake. 請改正這個錯誤。exac

28、t 表示“確切的” ,“精確無誤的” ,指“與事實完全相符” , 語氣較 accurate 強(qiáng) ,指某人 或某事數(shù)量或質(zhì)量完全符合事實或標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而且在細(xì)致末節(jié)上也絲毫不差。如: His answer isquite exact. 他的回答完全正確。The exact date of the event has escaped me. 我記不起這起事件的確切日期了。proper含有生來就具備適宜性質(zhì)的含義，還表示某物具有它應(yīng)當(dāng)具備的性質(zhì)。如如： do sth. theproper way以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞阶瞿呈翧ppropriate “正確的；適當(dāng)?shù)摹?，指適合于特殊的人及場合，地位等。強(qiáng)調(diào)自然具備適宜

29、的 性質(zhì)。如： an appropriate example 適當(dāng)?shù)睦觙it 意為某人或某物在目的上用途上適合。如： Your clothes fit well. 你的衣服很合身。The trousers don't fit him, they are too small. 這條褲子他穿不合身，太小了。This coat's a beautiful fit to you. 這件外衣對你非常合身。 He runs to keep fit. 他跑步為了保持 健康。suitable 意味著適合某種情況。 如： This toy is not suitable for young c

30、hildren. 這個玩具不適合 小小孩玩。This wine is not suitable to my taste. 這酒不合我的胃口。12. approve vt., vi.Approved approving 批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可；通過反意詞 disapproveapprove 屬常用詞 , 表示“官方或正式批準(zhǔn)” , 用于上級對下級 , 長輩對晚輩 , 如 : My father approved my going to the border regions. 我父親同意我去邊區(qū)。My parents don't approve of me smoking cigarettes. 我的

31、父母不準(zhǔn)許我吸煙。The resolution was approved 82 to 16 with 18 abstentions. 決議以八十二票對十六票通過,十八 票棄權(quán)。The mayoress approved the new building plans. 女市長批準(zhǔn)了新建筑計劃。（常與 of 連用）贊成，贊同 I don't approve of wasting time. 我不贊成浪費時間。I don't approve of smoking. 我不贊成抽煙。Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.

32、 他父親永遠(yuǎn)不會同意她和你結(jié)婚。13. process n. （大自然的）作用，活動 the process of breathing 呼吸作用 步驟 the process of learning to read學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的步驟 The firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place. 公司目前正在把主要設(shè)備遷到新地址去。過程 the process of digestionvt. 加工（食品等） ;沖洗 One has to process a photographic film to print

33、pictures from it. 必須 先處理照相底片才能沖印出相片。計處理 ;小心準(zhǔn)備；仔細(xì)檢查The plans are now being processed. 計劃現(xiàn)正在審查。14.intention n. 計劃；目的I began reading with the intention of finishing the book, but I never did.我開始讀這本書時想讀完它，可是我從來就沒把它讀完。He has no intention of marrying yet. 他還沒有要結(jié)婚的打算。What is your intention? 你的意圖究竟是什么 ?【習(xí)慣用

34、語】by intention 故意have no intention of doing . 無意做 . the intention of a clause 條款的意旨with the intention of 抱有 .目的 , 打算with the best of intentions 好心好意 , 出于一片好心without intention 無意中 , 不是故意地 .如： If I've hurt your feelings, it was quite without intention. 如果我傷了你的感情那完全是無意的。15. ahead of adv., adj. 在前；向

35、前；提前Walk straight ahead until you reach the river. 一直朝前走到河邊。The road ahead was full of cattle. 前面的路上擠滿了牛群。Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of time. 由于我們的共同努力，任務(wù)提前 完成了。【習(xí)慣用語】be ahead 美口占優(yōu)勢 , 可望取勝 ; 贏錢 , 賺錢ahead of 在.前頭; 早于; 超過。如： ahead of time schedule 提前 Go ahead! 前進(jìn) , 有進(jìn)展 ;

36、繼續(xù)干下去16. employ vt. Employed employing 雇用；使用The firm employs about 100 men. 這家公司大約雇了 100 人。This motor plant is employing three thousand workers. 這家汽車工廠雇用著三千員工。The firm employs the retired professor as an adviser. 這家公司聘這們退休的教授擔(dān)任顧問。She employs her time wisely. 她善于利用時間。【習(xí)慣用語】in the employ of 被雇用。如：I have bee n for over five years in the employ of an export ingcompany. 本人曾經(jīng)前后五年被受雇于出口貿(mào)易公司。in sb.'s employ 受.雇用。如： The company should aid those in its employ in everything.out of employ 失業(yè)。如： Because of the typhoon “Saomai （桑美）”, many of the workers are out of employ.employ oneself in 從事于 , 時間花在