1、婉約我的詩詞曲審美論文一直以來,我對于中國古典詩詞都有一種莫名的感情,尤其是婉約詩。或許是因為我自己本身的感情比較豐富,也比較容易被周圍的環(huán)境所影響。沏一杯茶,捧著泛黃的古書,讀著詞人的愁緒,感嘆著所謂的感情,人生.就這樣沉醉其中。婉約,即婉轉含蓄。詞本為合樂而歌,娛賓遣興,內容不外離愁別緒,閨情綺怨。五代即已形成以花間集和李煜詞為代表的香軟詞風。北宋詞家承其余緒,晏殊、歐陽修、柳永、秦觀、李清照等,雖在內容上有所開拓,運筆更精妙,并各具風韻,自成一家,但仍未脫離宛轉柔美之風。故明人以婉約派來概括這一類型的詞風。其特點主要是內容側重兒女風情,結構深細縝密,音律婉轉和諧,語言圓潤清麗,有一種柔婉

2、之美。但內容比較狹窄,人們形成了以婉約為正的觀念。婉約詞派詩人善于寫”愁“。離愁也好,閑愁也罷。總能感人肺腑,引起自己的共鳴。春風無語,空中細雨如絲,我立在窗邊讀宋詞。最難忘是蔣捷的一句“流光容易把人拋,紅了櫻桃,綠了芭蕉”。一片春愁待酒澆,面對大好春景,獨在異鄉(xiāng)的人往往感受到更多的是寂寞,更多的是對家的想念,對愛人的留戀.夏本是火熱的季節(jié),驟雨初歇的日子,我卻常常想起柳永的那首雨霖鈴:寒蟬凄切,對長亭晚。驟雨初歇,都門帳飲無緒,方留戀處,蘭舟催發(fā)。執(zhí)手相看淚眼,竟無語凝噎。念去去,千里煙波,暮靄沉沉楚天闊。多情自古傷離別,更那堪,冷落清秋節(jié)。今宵酒醒何處?楊柳岸,曉風殘月。此去經(jīng)年,應是良辰

3、好景虛設。便縱有千種風情,待與何人說!好一句多情自古傷別離,滿腹的離愁別很,茫然四顧,孑身一人,待與何人說! 秋是收獲的季節(jié),對那些孤獨的人來說,卻是一層秋雨一層涼。我喜歡點一支煙,就這樣坐在窗前,看著窗外的細雨拍打著梧桐樹。懷念那個“至今思項羽,不肯過江東”的集柔美和剛強與一身的女詞人。尋尋覓覓,冷冷清清,凄凄慘慘戚戚。乍暖還寒時候,最難將息。三杯兩盞淡酒,怎敵他、晚來風急?雁過也,正傷心,卻是舊時相識。滿地黃花堆積。憔悴損,如今有誰堪摘?守著窗兒,獨自怎生得黑?梧桐更兼細雨,到黃昏、點點滴滴。這次第,怎一個、愁字了得!我討厭冬天,討厭它的冷酷,可我又對冬天充滿渴望,或許是因為那句“冬天來了

4、,春天還會遠嗎”。更多的時候我會想起那個為國事操勞一世,“王師北定中原日家祭無忘告乃翁”,那個因母親之命錯失一生最愛,“山盟雖在, 錦書難托。莫、莫、莫”的孤獨男人。還有那首以物自喻的詠梅驛外斷橋邊,寂寞開無主。已是黃昏獨自愁,更著風和雨。無意苦爭春,一任群芳妒。零落成泥碾作塵,只有香如故好男兒,流血不流淚,其實那是未到傷心時。許多豪放詩派的詩人也有許多婉約詩流傳千古。英雄淚,讀來更心殤。“醉里挑燈看劍,夢回吹角連營”的辛棄疾有摸魚兒這樣愁腸糾結的詞:更能消、幾番風雨,匆匆春又歸去。惜春長怕花開早,何況落紅無數(shù)!春且住。見說道,天涯芳草無歸路。怨春不語。算只有殷勤,畫檐蛛網(wǎng),盡日惹飛絮。長門事

5、,準擬佳期又誤。蛾眉曾有人妒。千金縱買相如賦,脈脈此情誰訴?君莫舞。君不見,玉環(huán)飛燕皆塵土!閑愁最苦。休去倚危欄,斜陽正在,煙柳斷腸處。“會挽雕弓如滿月,西北望,射天狼”的東坡居士在想念亡妻的時候也不禁老淚縱橫十年生死兩茫茫。不思量,自難忘。千里孤墳,無處話凄涼。縱使相逢應不識,塵滿面,鬢如霜。夜來幽夢忽還鄉(xiāng)。小軒窗,正梳妝。相顧無言,惟有淚千行。料得年年腸斷處,明月夜,短松岡英雄用情到深處,才更感天動地!我還會一如既往的喜歡婉約詞,一如既往的沉醉其中。回溯到歷史長河中與我心愛的詞人們把酒論詩,豈不快哉!Changes in the World Perspective: How Europea

6、ns View of the World Developed Between the 15th Century and the 18th CenturyMany changes happened in the way that Europeans viewed the world bet ween the 15th century and the 18th century. I think these changes were reflected in the following aspects.First, peoples attitude towards religions experie

7、nced huge changes. The Mi ddle Age is seen as an “Age of Faith”. Christianity was not regarded as onlya religion but also truth. People regarded themselves sinful. They had to confess their sin to the God, or they would be punished. After the 15th century, wh en the Renaissance began to thr ive, peo

8、ple began to see mans potential and c elebrate man as Gods creation. However, as science improved, from 17th centu ry, the idea that God would intervene directly in the affairs of the world was no longer widely accepted. By the 18th century, God was relegated as the First Cause of everything by deis

9、ts. They believed man could discover and make u se of the natural laws, and mankind could control their own fate. People bega n to believe that truth could be found by reasoning and scientific method, rath er than by religion. Enlightment thinkers saw religion as a social phenomenon.They compared di

10、fferent religions and associated their differences with cultural, social and economic factors. Diderot even put forward the idea that religion i s a kind of superstition which is promoted by the church only to cheat on peo ple. These improvements contributed to the Religion Toleration. Though there

11、was still a discrimination against Roman Catholics, people were to some extent granted the freedom of religion.As p eoples faith in God has been shaken, there was a strong doubt again st the Divine Right of Kings. From the Middle Age, kings in Europe claimed their power endowed by the God. People we

12、re afraid to be against the king, a s they saw this a rebellion against the God. However, since the Renaissance began, peoples attitude toward politics has changed hugely. Two very famous p olitical thinkers questioned the divine origin of royal authority. One of them w as Thomas More. In his famous

13、 work Utopia, rulers are elected by people rath er than chosen by the God. The other one, Machiavelli, held the view that rul ers are simply the ones who are strong and powerful enough, which has nothi ng to do with the God. As the bourgeois class became stronger and stronger, t he conflict between

14、the King and Parliament was more and more severe. The Civil war in 1642 stirred peoples thinking of that time. The following 18th ce ntury, which is called “the Enlightment”, brought the new political thinking to climax. Civil rights were paid attention. Especially the English thinker, Locke, emphas

15、ize that civil rights are inalienable. In this time, there were a few impo rtant thinkers supported the idea of “Social Contract”, whose main target is the theory of the Divine Right of Kings. They think that government is not base d on religion but in a scientific way. It was first put forward by H

16、obbes, who prefers the ruler to be a monarch and believes that people surrender their indi vidual freedom as soon as they accept the “contract”and have no right to resi st or rebel. The other thinkers develop his idea. They think the contract more like a business contract. Whenever the ruler breaks

17、the contract, people have t he rights to overthrow the government. And they believed law, rather than reli gion, will help maintain social order.The way people see themselves became quite different, too. Peoples attitu de became more optimistic. They used to think mankind sinful and fallible. Si nce

18、 the Renaissance, they began to place mans potential at the center of their concerns and celebrate man as Gods creation. During the England Civil War, thinkers no longer thought in a religious way. Hobbes argues that man is self ish and greedy and considers mans nature as chaos. Afterwards, Rousseau

19、 imp rove d this kind of thinking. He saw man “in the state of nature as a noble savage”. 11Therefore his idea influenced education greatly: Education shouldnt be give against pupils natural inclination, but to develop their talent and pote ntial.Peoples att itude toward history changed greatly. Dur

20、ing the Renaissance, what people were pursuing was back to the Golden Age which was perfect. H owever, as science developed, people began to think since the nature world wa s progressing, human society also was. It was a great progress that Enlightmen t European thinkers accepted the idea of progress. Encyclopaedists think that p eople should treat history “scientifically”.And the most impo