1、英語語法之倒裝句完全倒裝表示地點的副詞 here, there 置于句首, 且主語是名詞(不是代詞) 時表示時間、方向的副詞或介詞短語置于句首, 且主語是名詞(不是代詞) 時作表語的形容詞、分詞、介詞短語、such 置于句首時部分倒裝“ only+狀語” 置于句首, 主句需要部分倒裝具有否定意義或半否定意義的副詞以及含否定詞的介詞短語置于句首作狀語時“so或neither + 助動詞/情態動詞/be 動詞+主語”表示“也/也不”so/such.that.句型以 had/were/should 開頭省略 if 的虛擬條件句形式倒裝感嘆句the more.the more.句型whatever 或

2、 however 引導的讓步狀語從句as /though 引導的讓步狀語從句考點一 倒裝句一、完全倒裝(Full Inversion)謂語部分完全放在主語之前的句子,便是完全倒裝句。1.副詞、介詞短語類:表示地點的副詞 here, there 置于句首, 且主語是名詞(不是代詞) , 需用完全倒裝, 其形式為: There/Here+謂語+主語。 常用于此句型的謂語動詞為 be, go, come, exist, follow, remain, lie等, 時態要用一般現在時。There goes the last bus.末班公共汽車開走了。Here is the address of yo

3、ur hotel.這里就是你賓館的地址。There goes the bell for break.下課鈴響了。Here you are.給你。 (代詞作主語, 不倒裝)表示時間的副詞(如: now, then 等) 、運動方向的副詞(如:out, in, up, down, away 等) 及表示地點的介詞短語置于句首, 且主語是名詞(不是代詞) , 需用完全倒裝, 其形式為: 副詞或介詞短語+謂語+主語。 常用于此句型的謂語動詞為 come, fall, follow,exist, lie, go, remain, run 等, 時態為一般現在時或一般過去時。Now comes your

4、turn! 現在該你了!Up went the arrow into the air.箭直射向空中。Under the table sleeps a white cat.在桌子下面睡著一只白色的貓。Behind the counter he stood. 他站在柜臺后面。 (代詞作主語, 不倒裝)2.表語類:為了保持句子平衡或強調表語部分等, 將作表語的形容詞、分詞、介詞短語、such 置于句首時, 需用完全倒裝, 其形式為: 形容詞/現在分詞/過去分詞/介詞短語/such+be+主語。Happy are those who are contented.知足者常樂。Growing all ov

5、er the mountain are wild flowers.漫山遍野長滿了野花。Seated on the ground are a group of young people.席地而坐的是一群年輕人。1 / 6Inside the parcel was a letter.包裹里有封信。Such were his words.( = Such was what he said.)這就是他說的話。二、部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)把 be 動詞、助動詞或情態動詞置于主語之前的句子叫部分倒裝句。 這類句型主要有下面幾種:1.only 修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句, 且放在句首

6、時。Only in this way can we learn English well.只有用這種方法我們才能學好英語。使用特點:(1) 在部分倒裝句中, 如果謂語部分無助動詞, 則需找助動詞來“幫助” 構成倒裝句。(x) Only after the war learned he the sad news.() Only after the war did he learn the sad news.只是在戰后他才得知那個不幸的消息。(2) only 修飾狀語從句時, 從句不可倒裝, 主句倒裝。(x) Only when did he return we found out the tru

7、th.() Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只是當他回來的時候, 我們才查明了真相。(3) only 修飾主語時, 句子不可倒裝。(x) Only can he answer the question.() Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答這個問題。題組訓練 單句填空(2014 湖南,29) Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.(2012 天津, 6

8、) Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake.2. 否定詞 never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely,rarely 及表否定意義的介詞短語 at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首時。Never before have I seen such a moving film. =

9、 I have neverseen such a moving film before.以前我從未看過這么感人的電影。Not a single mistake did he make. = He didn't make a single mistake.他一個錯誤也沒犯。Hardly do I think it possible to finish the work before dark.= I hardly think it possible to finish the work before dark.我認為在天黑之前完成這項工作幾乎是不可能的。題組訓練 單句填空(2013 遼寧

10、, 26) At no time did they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.3.六個重要的固定句型:(1) “ so+be 動詞 /助動詞 /情態動詞+主語” 意為“ 也是如此” 。They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.他們喜歡交很多朋友, 那些身有殘疾的人也是如此。使用特點:此句型也可寫成“ it is /was the same with.” 或“so it is /waswith.” 。Th

11、ey love having lots of friends;it is the same with those with disabilities.so it is with those with disabilities.如果僅是對前面內容的肯定或附和(此時的 so = indeed) ,那么, 句子不可使用倒裝。 試比較:A: I was afraid.(I 指的是 A)B: So was I.(I 指的是 B, 此句意為: I was afraid, too.)A: 我害怕。B: 我也是。A: I was afraid.(I 指的是 A)B: So you were. (you 指的也

12、是 A。 此句意為: Indeed youwere afraid.)A: 我害怕。B: 你就是這樣。(2) “ neither/nor+ be 動詞 /助動詞 /情態動詞 + 主語” 意為“ 也不這樣” 。Lily can't ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy.莉莉不會騎自行車, 露西也不會。使用特點:此句型也可寫成“ it is /was the same with.” 或“ so it is /was with.” 。Lily can't ride a bicycle;it is the same with Lucy.so it is

13、 with Lucy.此句型中的 neither/nor 不可用 so.not 替代, 但可用 not.either 改寫。(x) I have never been abroad.So hasn't he.() I have never been abroad.Neither/Nor has he.() I have never been abroad.He has never/not been abroad,either.我沒出過國。 他也沒有。(3)如此以至于So+adj. /adv. .that.Such+(a/an+) adj. +n. .that.So clearly do

14、es he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他說英語說得如此清晰, 以至于別人都能聽得懂。Such an interesting book does he have that we all want to read it.他有一本如此有趣的書, 以至于我們都想讀。使用特點:在這個句型中, so, such 后面的句子要倒裝, 而 that 引導的從句不倒裝。(4) Neither., nor.意為“ 不, 也不” 。Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.我不知道

15、這件事, 也不關心。使用特點:由于 neither 和 nor 都是否定詞, 所以它們后面的句子均需倒裝。(5) Not only.but also.意為“ 不僅而且” 。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不僅要給那些找工作的人提供幫助, 而且也要給那些有需要的人提供藥物治療。使用特點:此句型也可寫成 Not only.but.或 Not only.but.as well 的形式, 但 but

16、(also) 連接的句子必需用正常語序。(6) Not until.意為“ 直到才” 。Not until 4:00 in the morning could he fall asleep.直到早晨 4 點他才睡著。Not until he returned did we have supper.直到他回來我們才吃晚飯。但是: Not until did he return we had supper.(x)使用特點:not until 引導的是從句時, until 從句的主謂不可倒裝, 只是主句需要倒裝。題組訓練 單句填空Jane won't join us for dinner t

17、onight and Tom won't either .Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.三、形式倒裝(Formal Inversion)形式上的倒裝在語法上稱為前置。 它的特點是: 只把強調的內容提至句首, 主謂并不倒裝。 這樣的結構非常多, 但有幾個重要的句型需要特別注意:1 .感嘆句What an interesting talk they had!他們進行了一次多么有趣的談話呀!How interesting their talk is!他們

18、的談話多么有趣呀!使用特點:對名詞(或中心詞是名詞) 感嘆時, 用 what 引出; 對形容詞或副詞感嘆時, 用 how 引出。2.the more., the more.句型The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.你聽英語聽得越多, 它就變得越簡單。使用特點:(1) 此句型中的 more 代表的是形容詞或副詞的比較級, 要靈活使用。The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你學習越努力, 取得的進步就越大。(2) 此句型中的第一個 the more 引導的

19、部分相當于一個條件狀語從句; 第二個 the more 引導的部分相當于一個主句。所以, 上面例句的意思實質上就是: If you work harder, you will makegreater progress.3.however, whatever 引導的讓步狀語從句(1) “ however+adj. /adv. ” 引導的讓步狀語從句However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.無論這個問題可能會有多難, 今晚我們必須解決它。(2) “ whatever+n. ” 引導的讓步狀語從句Wh

20、atever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.無論你有什么理由, 你都應當履行諾言。4.as, though 引導讓步狀語從句時采用形式倒裝的情況(1) 表語的倒裝Tired as/though he was, he still went on with his work.盡管很累, 他還是繼續工作。Strange as/though it seems, it is true.盡管看上去奇怪, 這事卻是真的。Exhausted as/though she was, she wasn't able to sleep.

21、盡管筋疲力盡, 但她還是睡不著覺。注意: 如果是單數名詞或形容詞的最高級作表語, 不再用冠詞。Youngest as/though he is in our class, he speaks English best.他雖然是我們班年齡最小的, 但他英語說得最好。(2) 謂語動詞的倒裝Try as he might, he didn't pass the exam.盡管很用功, 但他考試還是不及格。Search as they would here and there, they could find nothing in the room.盡管到處尋找, 但他們在房間里找不到任何東西。注意: 行為動詞前置時, 從句主語后面要用 may, m