1、The Father and His SonFather: You know, Tom, when Lincoln _(be) your age, he _(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he _(be) the best pupil in his class.Tom: Yes, Father. I _ (know) that. But when he _(be) your age, he_ (be) President of the United States.waswaswaswaswasknow 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn) 1、考查在語境中

2、判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。常、考查在語境中判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。常考的時(shí)態(tài)為：考的時(shí)態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn) 行、過去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過去完成、行、過去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、過去將來等。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、過去將來等。 2、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)狀語從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；主從句時(shí)態(tài)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問題。呼應(yīng)問題。 3、幾種時(shí)態(tài)的替代問題幾種時(shí)態(tài)的替代問題.1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。語連用。 時(shí)間狀語：時(shí)間狀語： every, s

3、ometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees. 3) 表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)　ｒ溦弑財(cái)　４擞梅ㄈ绻?/p>

4、現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演

5、示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current（電流）電流） and stand back. 第二句中的第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況。表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況。1）下列動(dòng)詞：）下列動(dòng)詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。在時(shí)表將來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確

6、定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes.2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。在時(shí)間或條件句中。 When Bill comes (不是不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill

7、 write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在動(dòng)詞在動(dòng)詞 make sure that等后。等后。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語有：時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。等。 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the

8、street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. He always went to work by bus. He used to act like that. 3）用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示語氣委婉禮貌。用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示語氣委婉禮貌。 （1）動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, int

9、end 等。例如：等。例如： Did you want anything else? I wanted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me. （2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would，例如：例如：Could you lend me your bike?4）用在條件句中表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)不符的虛擬語氣。用在條件句中表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)不符的虛擬語氣。 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he w

10、ere here now, we could turn to him for help. It is time for sb. to do sth “到到時(shí)間了；該時(shí)間了；該了了”，例如：，例如： It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了。你該睡覺了。 It is time sb. did sth. “時(shí)間已遲了；早該時(shí)間已遲了；早該了了”，例如：，例如： It is time 你早該睡覺了。你早該睡覺了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示表示“寧愿某人做某事寧愿某人做某事”，例如：，例如： Id rather .Christ

11、ine was an invalid（久病者）久病者） all her life.(含義：她已不在含義：她已不在人間。人間。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達(dá)比太太已含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去

12、)1) shall用于第一人稱，常被用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示將來。不定式，表示將來。 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事或打算做某事。主語的意圖，即將做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。計(jì)劃，安排

13、要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month. c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about +不定式，意為馬上做某事。不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.be about to 不

14、能與不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。時(shí)間狀語連用。 用于條件句時(shí)，用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表將來，表將來，will表意愿。例如：表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to 表示客

15、觀安排或受人指示而做某事。而表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 則表示主則表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如：觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排客觀安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排主觀安排) 1. 表示現(xiàn)在表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時(shí)指說話人說話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。例如：正在發(fā)生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you.2. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長期的或重復(fù)

16、性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如：進(jìn)行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.(說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 4. 與always, constantly, continually 等詞連

17、用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind. He is always thinking of others first. 他總是先想到他人。 He is always making the same mistake.5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一般將來時(shí)，常用于下列動(dòng)詞：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。 Were moving to the new building next week. 拓展：拓展： 表示動(dòng)作的未完性，暫時(shí)

18、性表示動(dòng)作的未完性，暫時(shí)性。Have you moved into the new house?_Not yet. The rooms are being painted._你搬進(jìn)新房了嗎？還沒呢。房子還正刷漆了。（未完性）I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我還不在這上班，我只是來幫忙，直到新秘書來了（我就走）。（暫時(shí)性） Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technolog

19、y is changing so rapidly.如：如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.如：如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, underst

20、and, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much.如：如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice.如：如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired. This backpack belongs to me. 這背包是我的。這背包是我的。 He seems rath

21、er angry with you. 看起來他很看起來他很生你的氣。生你的氣。 The apples taste good. 這些蘋果嘗起來不錯(cuò)這些蘋果嘗起來不錯(cuò) This flower smells nice. 這花聞上去很香。這花聞上去很香。 Your suggestion sounds reasonable. 你的你的建議聽上去有道理。建議聽上去有道理。1）概念：表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。）概念：表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。發(fā)生的時(shí)

22、候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3) 常用的時(shí)間狀語有：常用的時(shí)間狀語有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例句：例句： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shinin

23、g.1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。同時(shí)，割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，間的同時(shí)性，瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。進(jìn)行時(shí)。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fell C. was

24、 reading; was fallingD. read; fell答案答案B.句中的句中的as = when, while，意為意為當(dāng)當(dāng)之時(shí)之時(shí)。描述一件事發(fā)。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作生的背景時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為發(fā)生。句意為 在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。句中的句中的 fell (fall的過的過去時(shí)去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。 1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What ar

25、e you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont make C. wont make D. didnt make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A. is changing B. has

26、 changed C. will have changed D. will change3. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn up C. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up5. Im terrib

27、ly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching6. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking7. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in c

28、ase she _.A. is B. does C. will be D. has been8. Kate is in hospital. Oh, really? I _. _ visit her.A. didnt know; Ill go and B. dont know; Ill go andC. dont know; Im going to D. didnt know; Im going to9. Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays.A. just visit B. just visited C. are just vis

29、iting D. have visited10. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him.A. died B. had died C. has been dead D. was dead11.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken 12.The workers _ busily when the boss came to lo