1、Ancient Sites of Three KingdomsXiaoting-Ancient Battlefield Guan LingAwe-inspiring Spirit in ChangbanThe Key to Unit Thirteen Yichang, the land where the ancient Three Kingdoms were located, was a hot military (軍事的) place in every past dynasty. About 36 stories of the Three Kingdoms took place here.

2、 Your trip into Yichang is your trip into the historical drama (戲劇)of the battlefield. It was here that General Zhao Zilong rescued (營救 ) his master alone. It was here that General Zhang Fei bellowed（大聲吼叫）with rage to break the bridge and made the water flow backward. It was here that General Guan Y

3、u lost the city after the heavy defeat (失敗) and ran to Mai Town .It was here that seven hundred miles of the barracks（兵營）were burned in the Yiling Battle.Long history gives Yichang rich tour resources. Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield in Yichang countryside is located in the mountains and cliffs (懸崖) on

4、 both banks of the river. It was contended (爭奪) by armies in the past dynasties. More than 10 battles broke out there .The most famous battle was Yiling Battle between Wu and Shu in the Three Kingdoms Period. Changban Po Ancient Battlefield situated in the downtown area of Dangyang was the place whe

5、re General Zhao Zilong fought against the enemy in the Three Kingdoms Period. It was here that General Zhao Zilong dashed into the enemy alone, and after the hard fight against the enemy, he finally rescued Mrs Gan and her son Liu Chan. From then on, the battlefield got famous together with the brav

6、e hero. The General Guans Cemetery, the Yuquan Temple in Danyang and Huima Po in Yuanan are the places about General Guan Yu. The Three Kingdoms Book said: Guan Yu lost the city of Jinzhou for his recklessness (大意) and went to Mai Town in the year of 24 of Jianan. King Sun Quan of Wu caught and kill

7、ed him at Huima Po of Yuanan, and then King Sun Quan sent his head to King Caocao and buried his body in Dangyang. Long history and rich culture make Yichang, the land where the ancient Three Kingdoms were located, more beautiful and more mysterious.夷陵長江大橋夜景玉泉寺鐵塔荊州洈洈水湖今 日 猇 亭 三國故地宜昌,乃歷代兵家必爭之地,三國故事36

8、回在這里演義。走進宜昌，就走進了金戈鐵馬的歷史話劇，在這里趙子龍單騎救主，張飛喝斷橋梁水倒流，在這里關羽失城后敗走麥城，夷陵之戰火燒連營七百里悠悠歷史留給宜昌豐富的旅游資源。 宜昌城郊的猇亭古戰場雄踞峽口，南北兩岸懸崖峭壁，是歷代兵家必爭之地，曾在此發生過十多次戰爭，最為著名的是三國時期吳蜀之間的夷陵之戰。 三三 國國 勝勝 地地 位于當陽市中心市區的長坂坡古遺址，乃三國時趙子龍與敵人作戰之地，趙子龍在此沖進敵軍單騎救出甘夫人及幼主劉禪,從此該地與這位勇敢的英雄名揚天下。 當陽關陵廟、玉泉寺以及遠安回馬坡，則是與關羽有關之地。三國志載：建安二十四年，關羽大意失荊州，敗走麥城。孫權于遠安縣回馬坡

9、擒關羽，斬關羽,“權送羽首于曹公”，“葬其尸骸”于當陽。 三國故地宜昌，悠久的歷史、豐富的文化底蘊使其更壯麗，更神秘。 關 陵Xiaoting-Ancient BattlefieldPassage 1 The historical famous scenic spot, as well as the important ruin of the Three Kingdoms Period, located in the southeast of Yichang, Hubei Province and the north bank of the Yangtze River, is the firs

10、t pass and the east gate of the Three Gorges. From the city of Yichang, about 15 kilometers to the east along the Yangtze River is the Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield of the Three Kingdoms Period. The origin of the name of the place -Xiaoting, is related to a story of the Three Kingdoms Period. In 208

11、AD, General Zhang Fei was sent here to be the governor of Yidu County. One day, when he visited the Huya Shoal here, he saw the torrential current, the cliffs and bluffs, and the submerged reefs make here a perfect place for strategic place. Then, he ordered the craftsmen to build a pavilion here. B

12、efore the completion of the construction, he came here again for inspection. When he saw some figures of strange animals which looked like both of the tigers and dogs were engraved on the principal railings, he was very angry and asked the craftsmen what they were. The craftsmen were terribly fright

13、ened. They showed resourcefulness in an emergency and answered it was “Xiao”, the tiger posing like being hunting for food.The figure was engraved for showing Generals invincible might. Satisfied with the answer, Zhang Fei laughed and ordered the people to engrave two characters of “Xiao Ting” on th

14、e pavilion. From then on, here was named “Xiao Ting” and it became famous. Located in a very important location, it was a place where the military must fight for, as well as the place where tens of battles took place.The most famous battles which took place here included Xiaoting Battle that dominat

15、ed the fate of Shu Kingdom in the Three Kingdoms Period, Jiangguan Battle of the Sui Dynasty and Suoqiao Battle of West-Jin Period. The battlefield is located in the back of mountain and faces the Yangtze River, and the terrain is very perilous. There are hundreds of landscapes which are the mimicke

16、d ancient battles of the ancient time. The Huya Shoal along the Yangtze River is the first shoal to enter the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, where shoals and rapids are dangerous and high .There is a 1500 meters long ancient path on the cliff near the Huya Shoal. It looks like a great dragon lyi

17、ng on the cliff and forms the most unique scenery .Walking on this ancient path and looking into the distance of the south of the Yangtze River, some famous scenery including the Fairy Bridge and the Generals Cap will come clearly into view. Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield is the starting point of Thre

18、e Gorges and also the famous history relic.建在猇猇亭的三峽機場Xiaoting-Ancient Battlefieldbackruin n. 遺址torrential a 急流的,湍流的cliff n. 懸崖，峭壁bluff n. 懸崖，陡岸submerge v. 浸沒，淹沒reef n. 礁strategic a 戰略性的,戰略上的pavilion n. 涼亭，亭子engrave v. 雕刻resourcefulness n. 足智多謀invincible a 不可戰勝的might n. 力量,權勢dominate v. 支配,統治,控制terra

19、in n. 地形，地貌perilous a 危險的,危急的mimick v. 模仿，修復rapids n. （河的）急流unique a 獨特的，獨一無二的relic n. 遺跡New WordsI. Answer the questions: 1. Where is the Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield?2. What was the name “Xiaoting” from?3. What did “Xiao” look like ?4. Which were the most famous battles there?5. Which is the most

20、unique scenery of the Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield? Can you describe it in oral?Exercises:keykeyII. Decide the statements True or false:1. The Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield is located in the southeast of Yichang and the south bank of the Yangtze River. ( )2. General Zhang Fei liked the strange animal

21、 “Xiao” because it looked very beautiful. ( )3. Xiaoting Battle dominated the fate of Shu Kingdom. ( )4. There are hundreds of real landscapes of the ancient time. ( ) 5. The Huya Shoal where shoals and rapids are dangerous is the first shoal to enter the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. ( )keyIII

22、. Multiple choices: 1. Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield is_A. located on the north bank of the Yangtze RiverB. in the centre of Yichang City.C. on a mountain D. in the Three Gorges2. Which of the following is not true?A. The craftsmen named the strange animal XiaoB. Xiao looked like both of the tigers a

23、nd dogsC. Zhang Fei named the strange animal XiaoD. Zhang Fei ordered the people to engrave two characters of “Xiao Ting” on the pavilionkey3. Which battle didnt take place at Xiaoting?A. Xiaoting BattleB. Chibi BattleC. Jiangguan Battle of the Sui DynastyD. Suoqiao Battle of West-Jin4. There are ma

24、ny scenic spots in Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield except_A. the Fairy Bridge B. the Generals CapC. the Huya Shoal D. Hundreds Birds Garden5. Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield is famous because_A. it is a perfect place for strategic place.B. many important battles took place there.C. there are hundreds of l

25、andscapes there.D. All of the above key 中國歷史名勝，同時也是三國時期的重要遺跡猇亭古戰場，位于湖北省宜昌市東南，長江北岸，為“三峽”東大門，入峽第一關。從宜昌市區出發，沿江東行約15公里，便到了三國猇亭古戰場。 “猇亭”這一地名的由來于一個三國故事。公元208年， 三國蜀將張飛任宜都郡太守。有一天他來到虎牙灘下，看見這里江水湍急,懸崖峭壁，暗礁叢生，便令工匠在此修一座亭子。Translation:猇亭古戰場猇亭古戰場在亭即將竣工之前，張飛前來視察，只見亭的欄桿上刻有動物的圖案，形似虎類犬，張飛看后，勃然大怒，責問工匠此為何物，工匠嚇得渾身發抖，忽然急中

26、生智答道：此乃虎獵食時的姿態，名為猇，是顯示將軍的神威。張飛隨即轉怒為笑，命人在亭中刻上“猇亭”二字。猇亭因此而得名，流傳至今。 猇亭古戰場位置重要，乃歷代兵家必爭之地，曾在此地發生的戰事有幾十次之多。最為著名的如三國時期決定蜀國命運的猇亭之戰，隋朝的江關之戰，西晉的索橋之戰等等。 猇亭古戰場依山臨江，地勢險峻。現修復古戰場昔日雄姿的景觀有百余處。 沿江的虎牙灘，是進入長江三峽的第一灘，灘險浪高。在虎牙灘江邊的絕壁上，有一條長達1500多米的古棧道，它象一條巨龍橫臥在懸崖峭壁之間，形成了古戰場最富有特色的景觀，漫步古棧道，遙望江南，仙人橋，將軍帽等景觀歷歷在目。 猇亭古戰場是長江三峽之旅的起點

27、，也是著名的歷史遺址。 Passage 2Guan Ling From the city of Dangyang, 2 kilometers drive west along the Hedang Road you will come to Guan Ling. Guan Ling in Dangyang where the body of General Guan Yu was buried is one of the three biggest Guan Yus Temples in China. It has been there for more than 1700 years. Gu

28、an Yu, also named Guan Yunchang, was born in Jiezhou, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province. He was the best of the five brave generals of the Shu Kingdom. In his whole life, he was intrepid and loyal to his king . In the thousands years from his death till now, his loyalty is respected by all the Chinese in th

29、e world. From the Song Dynasty, he was piously worshiped by the Confucianism, the Buddhism, the kings in the past dynasties, and even the common people. In the Buddhism, Guan Yu was conferred the Jialan Saint. In the Song Dynasty, he was entitled the King of Martial Art and Safety. In the Ming Dynas

30、ty, he was granted the title of the Martial Saint. In the Qing Dynasty, he was greatly adored by the people as Saint King Guan Yu integrating the loyalty, braveness, martial art, mercy, and the dignity. Obviously, as the Martial Saint, in the world of Chinese, he was as well-known as the Literal Sai

31、nt, the Confucius. And, as a King entitled by the people, he was as important as the other kings in the past dynasties. All these nowadays could be well found out in the Guan Ling. Guan Ling, covering about 5 hectares land, was built symmetrically along a middle line according to the kings cemetery

32、standard. His tomb was a round earth mound about 7 meters high, and 70 meters in perimeter. The sacrifice pavilion in front of the tomb mound was built in Nan Song Dynasty. The gate and the road were built in the Yuan Dynasty. And all the other constructions in the cemetery were built in the Ming Dy

33、nasty. In recent years, the cemetery has been expanded and reconstructed for several times to take on a whole new look. From the front to the rear parts along the middle line, the cemetery consists of the following constructions including Saint Road Pavilion, the Stone Torii, the Sanyuan Gate, the H

34、orse Hall, the Pilgrimage Hall, the Main Hall, the Bedding Hall, and the Mausoleum. On two sides, there are ornamental columns, the Bell Towers, the Drum Towers, the Stele Gallery, the Dining Hall, the Laizhi Room, the Saint Image Pavilion, Baizi Temple, the Qisheng Palace, the Buddhist Hall, and th

35、e Chunqiu Cabinet. Around the cemetery, the king cemetery style walls were built with red painting and yellow tile. There are totally 3 places of Guan Yus Cemetery in the nation now.The first is called “Guan Miao” in Guans hometown, the Yiguan Zhong of Jiezhou, Shanxi Province. The second is called

36、“Guan Lin” in Luoyang of Henan Province, which is also said it is the place where Guans head was buried. The third one is the Guan Ling in Dangyang, the only one built according to the strict standard of the Kings mausoleum. A stele written “Overawe Hua Xia” was bestowed by the King Qianlong in the

37、Qing Dynasty. 1. the Jialan Saint 伽藍神 2. the King of Martial Art and Safety 武安王3. the Martial Saint武圣人4. the Literal Saint文圣5. Confucius 孔子Notes: New Words:intrepid a. 勇敢的，無畏的piously ad. 虔誠地worship v. 崇拜，敬神Confucianism n. 儒家Buddhism n. 佛教confer v. 授予，贈給saint n. 圣人,道德崇高的人entitle v. 給（某人）權利（或資格）adore

38、v. 崇拜； 愛慕，熱愛integrate v. 使合并,使一體化mercy n. 仁慈dignity n. 尊貴，高尚symmetrically ad.對稱地,勻稱地mound n. 土堆，石堆sacrifice n. 祭品，供品rear n. 后部，后面pilgrimage n. 朝圣，參拜圣地mausoleum n. 陵墓ornamental a 裝飾的，美化的drum n. 鼓stele n. 古代的墓碑tile n. 瓦片，瓷磚bestow v. 把贈予 Exercises:I. Answer the questions: 1. What is Guan Ling? Where is

39、 it?2. Who was Guan Yu ? How was his character?3. How large is Guan Ling?4. When were the main constructions built?5. How many cemeteries of General Guan Yu are there? Where are they?keykeyII. Decide the statements true or false:1. Guan Ling is the cemetery where General Guan Yus head was buried. (

40、)2. Cao Cao killed Guan Yu. ( )3. Guan Yu was memorized because of his loyalty ( )4. The gate and the sacrifice pavilion were built in the Yuan Dynasty. ( ) 5. Guan Ling in Dangyang is the only one built according to the strict standard of the Kings mausoleum ( )keyIII. Multiple choices: 1. Guan Lin

41、g is_A. in Yuquan Temple.B. in the centre of Dangyang city.C. on a mountain D. 2 kilometers drive west from the city of Dangyang2. In the Ming Dynasty, he was granted the title of _A. the Martial SaintB. the King of Martial Art and SafetyC. the Jialan Saint.D. Saint Kingkey3. From the front to the b

42、ack parts along the middle line, the cemetery consists of _A. the Pilgrimage Hall, the Main Hall, the Stele GalleryB. the Saint Image Pavilion, Baizi Temple, the Qisheng PalaceC. the Stone Torii, the Sanyuan Gate, the Bedding HallD. the Horse Hall, the Bell Towers, the Drum Towers4. Which of the fol

43、lowing is true?keyA. Guan Yu is respected by all the people in the world.B. Guan Yu was also named Guan YunchangC. The gate and the road were built in the Ming DynastyD. A stele written “Overawe Hua Xia” was bestowed to Guan Lin.5. Which of the following is not Guan Yus Cemetery?A. Guan Miao B. Din

44、Ling C. Guan Lin D. Guan Lingkey 從當陽市出發，沿荷當公路西行2公里，便到了關陵。當陽的關陵是埋葬關羽身軀的地方,是中國三大關廟之一,距今已有1700余年歷史。 關羽，字云長，山西運城解州人；三國時蜀漢，“五虎將”之首。關羽一生忠義絕倫，勇猛無比。千百年來，關羽“忠義仁勇”的形象己成為海內外華人廣泛崇拜的偶像，特別是宋代以來，關羽不僅為民間百姓廣為敬奉，還為儒家、佛家、歷代帝王所極力推崇。Translation: 關關 陵陵 中國佛教早就把關羽封為“神”，曰“伽藍神”。宋代，封關羽為“武安王”；明代，即封為“武圣人”還加封為“大帝”。到清代，關羽則是集“神”、“

45、圣”、“帝”于一身，封曰“忠義神武仁勇靈佑威顯關圣大帝”。顯然，作為武圣，關羽己與文圣孔子齊名；而作為“大帝”，他也便與皇帝齊位了。如今，歷史上的這些“關公熱”的軌跡，在當陽關陵中均能找到。 關陵，占地70余畝。中軸對稱帝陵制。陵冢為一圓形封土堆，高7米，圍70米。南宋時基前建一亭；元初修建墓門、墓道；墓地的其它結構部分則在明朝建成。 近年來，關陵廟曾多次維修擴建，今日關陵己煥然一新。陵區自前至后沿軸線依次為：神道碑亭、“漢室忠良”石牌坊、三元門、馬殿、拜殿、正殿、寢殿、陵墓；兩旁有華表、鐘樓、鼓樓、碑廊、齋堂、來止軒、圣像亭、伯子祠、啟圣宮、佛堂、春秋閣等。陵區四周，環以帝陵式紅墻黃瓦宮墻。

46、 全國現有三處關羽陵墓。一是關羽故里山西解州衣冠冢，稱為關廟；二是河南洛陽厚葬關羽首級處，稱為關林；三是當陽關陵，唯此處按皇帝陵寢定制，有清朝乾隆皇帝賜的威震華夏匾額。Awe-inspiring Spirit in ChangbanPassage 3 The Changban Po in the Three Kingdoms Period was the place that General Zhao Zilong rescued A Dou. It was also in the place that General Zhang Fei bellowed with rage to repel

47、 the army of Cao. According to the historical records, in 208 AD, General Cao Cao led his troops to Jinzhou in the south after his successful conquering the strong northern kingdoms.At the moment, Liu Biao, who set up another regime by force of arms in Jinzhou, died suddenly, and his son, Liu Cong s

48、urrendered without fighting. Liu Bei, another King at Fan City led his troops and the people to evacuate to Jiangling, another important city of Jinzhou area. When Cao Cao heard the news, he was afraid that Liu Bei would get enough time to reorganize the troops and fight against him. He sent 5000 ca

49、valries to cut the evacuation. Two troops finally met in Changban Po in Dangyang. Liu Bei were defeated in panic, and fled without taking his wife and son. But General Zhao Zilong, the guardian of Liu Beis family dashed into the enemy seven times and finally rescued Mrs Gan and her son. In this batt

50、le another famous general was Zhang Fei. Zhang Fei was at the back of the battlefield only with twenty cavalries. When the army of Cao chased Zhao Zilong on the Baling Bridge, Zhang Fei bellowed with the lance in the hand on the horse: “Im Zhang Yide, who dare fight with me?” His sound which was lik

51、e a big thunder was so high that General Xia Houjie, the general of Cao army, was frightened to fall to the ground and died. From then on, there was the story that General Zhao Fei bellowed with rage to break the bridge and made the water flow backward. In the Ming Dynasty, in order to memorize Zhao

52、 Zilong and Zhang Feis glory in Changban Po battle, the local government set up a stele with engraved letter “Awe-inspiring spirit in Changban” in Dangyang. The Changban Po ancient battlefield is situated in the downtown area of Dangyang. In 1936, the Changban Po Garden was built there. Since the li

53、beration in 1949, the Changban Po Garden has been reconstructed several times as a leisure place. In 1979, the Changban Po Garden Administration was founded by the Dangyang government. Then it has been expanded and decorated constantly. In addition, in order to show Zhao Zilongs awe-inspiring spirit

54、, the statue of him has been set up in the garden. In 1980, as one of the provincial touring areas proved by the provincial government, it was opened to the public formally. In Dangyang there is a street named Zilong Street, where Zhao Zilong fought against the enemy. There the Changban Po Battle Sh

55、owroom is on schedule to show the world the history and the culture of the Changban Po Battle and the Three Kingdoms Period. On the north bank of Ju River, which is about 5 kilometers from Changban Po, there is a small wood bridge more than 2 meters wide.This is the Baling Bridge, where Zhang Fei di

56、splayed his awe-inspiring spirit. Zhang Feis image on the black horse was sculptured on the bridge. The Prince Bridge whose original name was Yuyang Bridge is on the south-west of Changban Po. According to the history that Zhao Zilong took A Dou who became the prince in 24 of Jianan to Liu Bei here,

57、 so it was named the Prince Bridge. The Liangliang Spring not far from here has been repaired again. All these places of the Changban Po ancient battlefield show the awe-inspiring spirit of Changban Po.ZhaoYunawe-inspiring a 令人敬畏的repel v. 擊退，抵制conquer v. 克服，戰勝regime n. 政體arm n. 武器surrender v. 投降evac

58、uate v. 轉移cavalry n. 騎兵evacuation n. 轉移flee v. 逃跑chase v. 追逐，追趕lance n. 長矛glory n. 光榮，光輝administration n. 管理部門statue n. 雕像，塑像sculpture v. 塑造，雕刻New Words:Exercises:I. Answer the questions: 1. Why say “awe-inspiring spirit in Changban Po”?2. What happened in 208AD?3. Why did Cao Cao send cavalries to

59、chase Liu Bei?4. Why was the stele with engraved letter “Awe-inspiring spirit in Changban” set up?5. How many sites of the Changban Po ancient battlefield are in Dangyang? What are they?keykeyII. Decide the statements true or false:1. Changban Po becomes well-known because of Zhao Zilong. ( )2. Liu

60、Biao and Liu Bei were both kings at Fan City. ( )3. With the help of Zhao Zilong, Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao. ( )4. With the help of Zhang Fei, Zhao Zilong finally rescued Mrs Gan and her son. ( ) 5. A stele with engraved letter “Awe-inspiring spirit in Changban” was set up in Dangyang in the Ming Dyn