1、 主謂一致主謂一致要點(diǎn)精析要點(diǎn)精析【定義】【定義】 主謂語(yǔ)一致指的是句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其主語(yǔ)主謂語(yǔ)一致指的是句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其主語(yǔ)在在人稱、性、數(shù)人稱、性、數(shù)上必須保持一致。上必須保持一致。【三條原則】【三條原則】n1.語(yǔ)法一致原則語(yǔ)法一致原則n2.就近一致原則就近一致原則n3.意義一致原則意義一致原則就近一致原則就近一致原則n1. Neither my gloves nor my hat _ with the dress. n A. go B. goes C. is D. are n2. (2009湖南高考湖南高考)Either you or one of your students_ to

2、attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.n A. are B. is C. have D. ben【考點(diǎn)歸納】【考點(diǎn)歸納】n1.由由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also. n 等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù) n 上保持一致。上保持一致。n2. 由由there，here引起的主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常和最鄰引起的主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常和最鄰 n 近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。BB【例句讀一讀例句讀一讀】意義一致原則意義一致原則n1.

3、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有單數(shù)的情況謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有單數(shù)的情況n2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有復(fù)數(shù)的情況謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有復(fù)數(shù)的情況n3. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定1. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有單數(shù)的情況l1.) “one/every one/each/either/the number +of+復(fù)數(shù)名復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞” 作主語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)。l Each of the students has a book.l2) clothing，furniture，traffic，jewellery,baggage, equipment，luggage 等無(wú)生命的集體名詞作主語(yǔ)。等無(wú)生命的集體名詞作主語(yǔ)。l Clothing is b

4、adly needed in this flooded area.l(3) 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表達(dá)一個(gè)整表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念。體概念。l Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer.4. 以s結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科、國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊等名稱的詞作主語(yǔ)。lPhysics is one of my favourite subjects.l(5) 由由every，any，some，no和和one，thing，body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)。等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)。l Is everybody

5、here today？l(6) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)。l Persuading him to join us seems really hard.l To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.【高考鏈接】【高考鏈接】 1. (2009江蘇江蘇) At present，one of the arguments in favor of the new airport_ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.l A. isB. are C. wil

6、l be D. wasl2. （2010湖南）湖南） Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.l A. is B. are C. has D. haveAcI. 只用單數(shù)的：只用單數(shù)的：l主語(yǔ)抽象表單一，集體名詞整體看；主語(yǔ)抽象表單一，集體名詞整體看；land連接兩名詞，或人或物不可分；連接兩名詞，或人或物不可分；lEvery，each以及以及no，并用，并用and連名詞；連名詞；l三三“e” neither不定代，所構(gòu)合成正式單不定代，所構(gòu)合成正式單;lNews，mean

7、s，works，貌似復(fù)數(shù)實(shí)則單；，貌似復(fù)數(shù)實(shí)則單；l還有還有ics結(jié)尾學(xué)科詞，國(guó)，書(shū)，劇名兼格言結(jié)尾學(xué)科詞，國(guó)，書(shū)，劇名兼格言;l時(shí)重長(zhǎng)度與價(jià)值，主單不受隨行控；時(shí)重長(zhǎng)度與價(jià)值，主單不受隨行控；lmany，more than連單數(shù)，名詞數(shù)量一個(gè)半，連單數(shù)，名詞數(shù)量一個(gè)半，謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)不多看。謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)不多看。2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有復(fù)數(shù)的情況謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有復(fù)數(shù)的情況n(1) people，police，cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語(yǔ)。等有生命的集體名詞作主語(yǔ)。n People read for pleasure during their spare time.n(2)一些常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞

8、，如一些常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如goods，stairs, arms等作主語(yǔ)。等作主語(yǔ)。l(3)由山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等以由山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等以s結(jié)尾的結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)。專有名詞作主語(yǔ)。l The Olympic Games are held once every four years.l(4)a number of/quantities of/a group of名詞作主語(yǔ)。名詞作主語(yǔ)。l A number of the other plants were found in America.The sick have been cured and the lost

9、have been found.5. The+形容詞/分詞，指一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。III用復(fù)數(shù)的人們加警察，家禽并牛群，常作復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)問(wèn)題；人們加警察，家禽并牛群，常作復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)問(wèn)題；服裝鞋襪及手套，自然全是用復(fù)數(shù)；服裝鞋襪及手套，自然全是用復(fù)數(shù)；某些集體名詞（某些集體名詞（people, police, cattle）只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看）只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)只能用復(fù)數(shù)。待，謂語(yǔ)只能用復(fù)數(shù)。The police are (be) searching for them.And，bothand 連接不同人與物，無(wú)疑也是用復(fù)數(shù)。連接不同人與物，無(wú)疑也是用復(fù)數(shù)。用用and或或bothand連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常

10、連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Walking and riding are (be) good exercises.3. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定l(1)集體名詞集體名詞class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience， public，government，majority，group等作主語(yǔ)，等作主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，指強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)體成員用復(fù)數(shù)個(gè)體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。lThe population in China _ very large and 80% o

11、f the population _ in rural areas.l A is, lives B are, live C are, lives D is, liveD(2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)形式要，單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)形式要，這類詞有：這類詞有：means，works，pains，deer， fish，sheep等等根據(jù)其具體含義而定根據(jù)其具體含義而定。l _ to solve the problem，but none is effective.每個(gè)方法都試過(guò)了每個(gè)方法都試過(guò)了l _ communicating with a stranger.有各種各樣的有各種各樣的l

12、(3) “kind，sort，pair，type名詞名詞”作主語(yǔ)，以作主語(yǔ)，以這這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。lThis kind of paper_(用草生產(chǎn)的用草生產(chǎn)的).lSome kinds of animals _(將要滅絕將要滅絕). Every means has been triedThere are various means ofis made of straware dying out(4) all，none，some，any等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。l所有的人都已經(jīng)到位，一切就緒。所有的人都已經(jīng)到位，一切就緒。lAll _ and al

13、l _.are hereis ready(5) “of名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 保持一致。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.Most of the apples were rotten.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由以及由 a a lot of, lots of, lot of, lots of, the rest ofthe rest of, a large , a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half quantity of, a heap of, heaps of,

14、half of + of + 名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), ,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中詞要與短語(yǔ)中of of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致. .Lots of damage was caused by fire.About threefourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Threefifths of the workers here are women.Half of the students _finished theircomposition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。一半的學(xué)

15、生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys. 我們學(xué)校我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.haveisareIV. 可單可復(fù)的（語(yǔ)法原則）l可單可復(fù)有可單可復(fù)有8類，集體名詞一大類，類，集體名詞一大類，l看做整體用單數(shù)，個(gè)體單看用復(fù)數(shù)；看做整體用單數(shù)，個(gè)體單看用復(fù)數(shù)；l不定代詞疑問(wèn)詞，部分、半數(shù)及剩余，不定代詞疑問(wèn)詞，部分、半數(shù)及剩余，l這些作主看內(nèi)容，該單該復(fù)看含義；這些作主看內(nèi)容，該單該復(fù)看含義；l

16、The加分詞形容詞，指人一定是復(fù)數(shù)加分詞形容詞，指人一定是復(fù)數(shù) ，l若與分詞指抽象，仍用單數(shù)莫遲疑；若與分詞指抽象，仍用單數(shù)莫遲疑；lone of引導(dǎo)定從句，修飾復(fù)數(shù)是真的，引導(dǎo)定從句，修飾復(fù)數(shù)是真的，l若有若有the only在前頭，從句指的是單一；在前頭，從句指的是單一；l人口數(shù)目與比例，大多、種類作主語(yǔ)；人口數(shù)目與比例，大多、種類作主語(yǔ)；l許多、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)，是單是復(fù)看意義；許多、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)，是單是復(fù)看意義；l四則運(yùn)算隨意。四則運(yùn)算隨意。主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就采用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就采用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也就采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。也就

17、采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 A professor, together with some foreign students, _ (be) sent to help in the work. No one but the teachers _ (be) the target reader of the book.wasis2. and并列的情況：并列的情況：A. 由由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的概念。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式。概念。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式。v Both bread and butter are sold out.A hammer and a saw are

18、 useful tools. 錘子和鋸子是有用的工錘子和鋸子是有用的工具。具。_Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink. The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。 isis3.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和

19、數(shù)保持一致。保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.注意：one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 the (only) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 A. He is the only one of the students who _ (be) a winner of scholarship for three years. B. She is one of the few girls who_ (be) well educated

20、 at university.is are4. 在主謂倒裝的句子中在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。例如與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。例如: Between the two windows hangs a picture.5. 主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1. Whatever was left _ (be )taken away.2. What they need _ (be) books.v溫馨提示溫馨提示 what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，一般用單數(shù)形式，但若從句謂語(yǔ)或從句后的但若從句謂語(yǔ)或從句后的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)

21、形式，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。wasare如果主語(yǔ)是不定式如果主語(yǔ)是不定式, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ing形式或主語(yǔ)從句的形式或主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。When he is coming seems very important. 他什么時(shí)候要來(lái)看起來(lái)很重要。他什么時(shí)候要來(lái)看起來(lái)很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛(ài)好。收集郵票是他的愛(ài)好。 To love her is not to break her wings. 愛(ài)她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。愛(ài)她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。. 注意 單數(shù)形式

22、表示復(fù)數(shù)的情況：?jiǎn)螖?shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)的情況：v“no/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)。vMore than one+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞No teacher and no student _(be) in the classroom.Every pen and every book _ ( lay ) on the desk already.has been laidis不定代詞不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。All

23、 of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。 are is 1. A number of people _(own) cars now. 2.The number of people who own cars _ (increase) every year. 1.The aged _ being cared for in the community. 2.The beautiful _ not always good. 1. A singer and dancer _ b

24、een invited to the party. 2. A singer and a dancer _ been invited to the party. own is increasing are is has have Tom is one of who _ fired by the company last week. Tom is one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week. A large quantity of water _ wasted every year. Large quantities of wat

25、er _ wasted every year. were was is are下列句子有什么特點(diǎn)下列句子有什么特點(diǎn)?1. What we need _ hard work. What we need _ suitable materials. 2. Such _ what he told me. Such _ his words. 3. The following _ his advice on learning English. The following _ some tips to learn English. is are waswere is are1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep