1、被動語態被動語態被動語態的基本結構：be+done 各種時態的主動、被動語態的結構：一般現在時：do/does am/is/are+done一般過去時：did was/were done現在進行時：am/is/are doing am/is/are being done現在完成時：have/has done have/has been done一般將來時：will/shall/be going to do will/shall/be going to be done過去進行時：was/were doing was/were being done過去完成時：had done had been d

2、one 過去將來時：would/should/be going to do would/should/be going to be done含有情態動詞：can/may/must do can/may/must be done被動語態的用法1）不知道動作的執行者是是誰。如： 這塊手表是中國制造的。 This watch was made in China.2) 沒有必要指出動作的執行者是誰。如： 每年都應該種更多的樹。 More trees must be planted every year.3) 需要強調或突出動作的承受者時。如： 世界上越來越多的人說漢語。（強調漢語的使用廣泛） Chin

3、ese is spoken by more and more people in the world.被動語態和系表結構的區別1）被動語態表示主語為動作的承受者，而系表結構則表示主語的特點或所處的狀態。如： The shop was closed by the police. (動作） The shop is closed today. (狀態）2）系表結構中的過去分詞常有固定的介詞搭配，被動語態結構中常為by短語。如： Miss Wang is satisfied with us. (系表結構）3）系表結構通常只有一般現在時和一般過去時，而被動語態結構則可用于多種時態。不用被動語態的情況1）

4、主動句的賓語是each other或是反身代詞時，不能用被動語態。如： The man introduced himself as Mr. White. They help each other study English.2）當主動句的謂語動詞是表示狀態的及物動詞時，不能用于被動語態。如： We will have a meeting.3）主動句的賓語是不定式或動名詞時，不能作被動語態中的主語。如： My brother enjoys watching TV. He asked to have a try.主動語態變為被動語態主動語態：動作執行者+謂語動詞的主動形式+動作承受者 被動語態：動

5、作承受者+謂語動詞的被動形式+動作執行者如：We asked him to sing an English song. He was asked to sing an English song by us.帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變為被動語態帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變為被動語態 She gave me a book. I was given a book by her.A book was given to me by her.動詞短語變為被動語態 許多由vi 和介詞、副詞構成的動詞短語相當于vt，可以有賓語，也可以有被動語態。但是動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在變為被動語態時，不可丟掉構成動詞短語的介詞

6、或副詞。如： We should speak to old men politely. Old men should be spoken to politely. (to 不可省略）帶復合賓語的動詞變為被動語態 I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.不帶不帶toto的不定式作賓補變被動語態后要加上的不定式作賓補變被動語態后要加上toto 感官動詞see, hear, watch, feel, notice等，使役動詞let, make, have等后跟省略

7、to的不定式，變為被動句時，應還原to。如： He makes the girl stay at home. The girl is made to stay at home by him.主動結構表被動意義1) open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等詞作vi且表示事物的自然屬性的時候，用主動語態表被動意義。如： This kind of pen writes very smoothly. This kind of shirt sells well here.2) look, sound, taste, sme

8、ll等系動詞用主動結構表被動意義。如：Uniforms look ugly on us. Moon cakes taste delicious.3) be worth doing用主動形式表被動意義。如： This book is worth reading. 4) “want/need/require+doing”=“want/need/require+to be done”。如： My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired.根據漢語提示完成句子1）This kind of pants well. 這種褲子賣得好。2）That

9、 story interesting. 那個故事聽起來有趣。3）That novel is worth . 那本小說值得讀一讀。4）My watch needs . 我的手表需要修理。5）This shop is at 8:00 in the morning. 這家商店早上8點開業。答案：sells sounds reading repairing open1. Look at our new school. It last year. A built B was built C is built D will be built2. In order to make our city more

10、 beautiful, more trees and flowers every year. A will plant B should plant C should be planted3. On June 11th, 2013, Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts into space from the space center in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch. A sent up B are sent up C was sent up4. I

11、m sure that stricter rules to control cigarette smoking very soon. A made B will make C were made D will be made B C C D 感嘆句What What 引導的感嘆句引導的感嘆句1.What +a/an +adj.+單數n.+主語+謂語！如： What a beautiful girl she is!2.What +adj.+復數n.+主語+謂語！如： What important jobs they have done!3.What +adj.+不可數n.+主語+謂語！如： Wh

12、at sweet water it is!How引導的感嘆句引導的感嘆句1.How +adj./adv.+主語+謂語！如： How interesting the dog is!2.How +adj.+a/an+單數n.+主語+謂語！如： How useful a subject they are learning!3. How+主語+謂語！如： How time flies!一些特殊形式1.在陳述句、祈使句或疑問句句尾加感嘆號變成感嘆句，表示某種強烈的感情。如： He runs so fast! Do read it carefully!2. 感嘆句也可以是表示強烈感情的一個詞或詞組。如：

13、Wonderful! Look out! Great!3. 以there, here等副詞開頭的感嘆句。如： There she is! There goes the bell!如何判斷用如何判斷用what還是用還是用how來引導感嘆句來引導感嘆句方法一：凡是有a, an開頭的，多用what；方法二：凡是形容詞直接加名詞的，多用what；方法三：其他一般用how。1. Do you know the book One Hundred Years of Solitude (百年孤獨）has been printed again? It is expected to be. unusual nov

14、el it is! A. What B. What a C. How D. What an2. I hear that China is building an aircraft carrier (航空母艦）. great news it is! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a3. good news it is! The pandas are found alive after the earthquake. Its so . A. How a; excited B. What; exciting C. What a; excited D. How; ex

15、citing D A B4. good time we had during our stay in Hainan last year! Yes, fun we had playing some water sports there! A What a; what B How; how C What; how D How a; what5. the earthquake in Yushu is! Yes, we should try our best to help them.A What terrible B How terrible C How terribly D What terrib

16、ly A B賓語從句引導詞 時態 語序 陳述句的引導詞：陳述句的引導詞： that 本身無意義，只起連接作用，口語中可省略 如：He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 一般疑問句引導詞：一般疑問句引導詞：if/whether “是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略 如：He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 特殊疑問句引導詞：特殊疑問詞特殊疑問句引導詞：特殊疑問詞what, which, who, whose, whom, when, where, why, how 在從句中作一定成分，如主語、賓語、狀語如：He a

17、sked me whose the book was. Can you tell me where you are from?時態1）如果主句是現在的某種時態（包括一般現在時、現在進行時、現在完成時），那么賓語從句的時態可根據實際情況而定。如： I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrow.2)如果主句是過去的某種時態（包括一般過去時、過去進行時),那么賓語從句一般要用過去的某種時態。如： He told me that he would join in

18、the high jump.3)如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實或真理，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現在時。如： He told me that the earth is round.語序賓語從句的語序要用陳述語序，即按照 主語+謂語的順序。如： Do you know what Kates e-mail address is? Could you tell me when he left for Japan? He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.引導詞that用于下列情況時不可省略1)當賓語從句的主語是that時。如： He said that

19、 that was a useful book.2)當賓語從句中含有主從復合句時。如： Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it.3)當兩個或多個賓語從句由并列連詞連接時，除第一個從句中的that可以省略外，其余從句中的that都不可以省略。如：He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyedseeing it very much.否定轉移在賓語從句中，當主句的主語為第一人稱，謂語動詞是think,believe, suppose等時，要將從句的否定詞

20、轉移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式，如： I dont think he will come with you.賓語從句的簡化1）當賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動詞是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等時，從句可簡化為不定式結構。如：I hope that I can receive your email. = I hope to receive your email.2)當賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動詞是know, remember, forget, learn等時，從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”

21、結構。如： She doesnt know what she should do next. = She doesnt know what to do next.3)賓語從句可以簡化為名詞或名詞短語。如： I dont believe what Tom said. = I dont believe Toms words.1. He said he wanted to speak to the boss. 他說他想跟老板說話。2.I dont know it is going to rain. 我不知道是否會下雨。3.Im thinking of we should go fishing. 我在

22、想我們是否應該去釣魚。4. We didnt know she would come back. 我們不知道她將什么時候回來。5. Mum, the summer holiday is coming. I wonder . How about Qinling Wild Zoo? A where can we go B where we can go C how we can go D how can we go6. So can you tell me here today? Well, I was walking down Centre Street when a UFO landed. A

23、 what did you say B What you saw C when did you see it D when you saw that if/whether whether when B B1.Do you know ? Last year. A when he came here B Where did he come here C when he will come here D When will he come here2. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ? A where is the nearest bank B where wa

24、s the nearest bank C where the nearest bank is D where the nearest bank was3. Do you know ? Its about fifteen minutes walk.A how far is the post office B which is the way to the post officeC how long did you reach the post officeD how far it is to the post office from here A C D4. Im not sure to school from his home. A how far is it B how long does it take him