1、Electronic Commerce電子商務電子商務Lead-in activitieslHave you ever bought anything through the Internet? If you have, why do you decide to shop online? If you have not, what are the reasons for you not trying to do so?lShopping online now seems to be very trendy because of its speediness and convenience. Y

2、ou can shop at home without going outside. In spite of this, there are still some people who may get online quite frequently, even everyday, but never shop online.lPossible reasons for not doing so Dont trust websites & be afraid of being cheated. Be afraid of the qualities of the products. Be a

3、fraid that the good after-service can not be provided. Be unfamiliar with or dont know how to shop online. There are no products online that I want. Payment and delivery procedures are complicated and insecure. The goods are not plentiful enough.l What Is E-Commerce? 什么是電子商務？什么是電子商務？l Types of E-Com

4、merce 電子商務的類型電子商務的類型l Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 電子數據交換電子數據交換l E-Learning 電子學習電子學習l Going Global with Internet Marketing利用因特網營銷走向全球利用因特網營銷走向全球Lecture OutlineWhat Is E-Commerce? E-Commerce refers to doing business through electronic media or the practice of buying and selling products and serv

5、ices over the Internet, utilizing technologies such as the Web, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), email, electronic fund transfers and smart cards, without face-to-face meeting between the two parties of the transaction. E-Commerce is expected to boom beyond limits in the near future, and it will p

6、lay a major role in the way that small, medium and large companies conduct business either with their consumers or other businesses. The boundaries between “conventional” and “electronic” commerce will become increasingly blurred as more and more businesses move sections of their operations onto the

7、 Internet.l Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail Overcome Geographical Limitations:If you have a physical store, you are limited by the geographical area that you can serve. With an e-commerce website, the whole world is your playground. Additionally, the advent of M-commerce, e-commerce on mo

8、bile devices, has dissolved every remaining limitation of geography. Gain New Customers with Search Engine : Visibility Physical retail is driven by branding & relationships. In addition to these two drivers, online retail is also driven by traffic from search engines. It is not unusual for cust

9、omers to follow a link in search engine results, and land up on an e-commerce website that they have never heard of. Lower Costs:One of the most tangible positives of e-commerce is the lowered cost. A part of these lowered costs could be passed on to customers in the form of discounted prices. The f

10、ollowing are some of the ways that costs can be reduced with e-commerce: Lower CostsAdvertising & Marketing:Organic search engine traffic, pay-per-click, and social media traffic are some of the advertising channels that can be cost-effective. Lower CostsPersonnel:The automation of checkout, bil

11、ling, payments, inventory management, and other operational processes, lowers the number of employees required to run an e-commerce setup. Lower CostsReal Estate:This one is a no-brainer. An e-commerce merchant does not need a prominent physical location. Locate the Product More Quickly: On an e-com

12、merce website, customers can click through intuitive navigation or use a search box to immediately narrow down their product search. Some websites remember customer preferences and shopping lists to facilitate repeat purchase. Eliminate Travel Time and Cost: It is not unusual for customers to travel

13、 long distances to reach their preferred physical store. E-commerce allows them to visit the same store virtually, with a few mouse clicks. Provide Comparison Shopping:E-commerce facilitates comparison shopping. Several online services allow customers to browse multiple e-commerce merchants & fi

14、nd the best prices. Enable Bargains, Coupons, & Group Buying:Though there are physical equivalents to bargains, coupons, & group buying, online shopping makes it much more convenient. If a customer has a deep discount coupon for turkey at one physical store & toilet paper at another, she

15、 may find it infeasible to avail of both discounts. But the customer could do that online with a few mouse-clicks. Provide Abundant Information:E-commerce websites can make additional information easily available to customers. Most of this information is provided by vendors, and does not cost anythi

16、ng to create or maintain. Remain Open All the Time:Store timings are now 24/7/365. E-commerce websites can run all the time. From the merchants point of view, this increases the number of orders they receive. From the customers point of view, an “always open” store is more convenient. Create Markets

17、 for Niche Products(小眾產品、特制產品小眾產品、特制產品)Buyers & sellers of niche products find it difficult to locate each other in the physical world. Online, it is only a matter of the customer searching for the product in a search engine. One example could be purchase of obsolete parts. Instead of trashing o

18、lder equipment for lack of spares, today we can locate parts online with great ease.l Disadvantages of E-Commerce E-Commerce Lacks That Personal Touch：Physical retailers usually have a personal approach and they value human relationship. As a result, shopping at those retail outlets is reassuring an

19、d refreshing. Clicking on “Buy Now,” and piling up products in virtual shopping carts, is just not the same. E-Commerce Delays Goods：E-commerce websites deliveries usually take a lot longer to get the goods into your hands. Even with express shipping, the earliest you get goods is “tomorrow.” An exc

20、eption to this rule is in the case of digital goods, e.g. an e-book or a music file. E-Commerce Does Not Allow You to Experience the Product Before Purchase：You cannot touch the fabric of the garment you want to buy. You cannot check how the shoe feels on your feet. You cannot “test” the perfume tha

21、t you want to buy. Anyone Can Set Up an E-Commerce Website：Online storefront providers bring you the ability to set up an e-commerce store within minutes. The lowered barriers to entry might be a great attraction to the aspiring e-commerce entrepreneur. But for the buyer, reliability can be an issue

22、. Security：When making an online purchase, you have to provide at least your credit card information & mailing address. In many cases, e-commerce websites are able to harvest other information about your online behavior & preferences. This could lead to credit card fraud, or worse, identity

23、theft. Types of E-Commerce There are a variety of types of E-Commerce and many different ways to characterize these types. For the most part, we distinguish different types of E-Commerce by the nature of the market relationshipwho is selling to whom. The following are the main types of E-Commerce. l

24、 Intra-organizational E-Commerce 企業內部間電子商務企業內部間電子商務 All internal organizational activities involved in exchange of goods, services or information usually are performed on Intranets. Activities can range from selling corporate products to employees online training.l Business-to-Business (B2B) E-Comme

25、rcel企業間電子商務企業間電子商務 Amongst all other types of E-Commerce, this way of doing business electronically through the Internet or Electronic Data Interchanges is the one that deserves the most attention. B2B E-Commerce applicants will enable companies to get the following kinds of information: products, c

26、ustomer, supplier, inventory, supply chain alliance, competitor, sales, and marketing. B2B E-Commerce means that companies do business with each other such as manufacturers selling to distributors and wholesalers selling to retailers. Pricing is based on quantity of order and is often negotiable. l

27、Business-to-Customer (B2C) E-Commerce 企業與消費者間電子商務企業與消費者間電子商務 Business provide consumers with online shopping through the Internet, allowing consumers to shop and pay their bills online. This type of offering saves time for both retailers and consumers. Consumers can post their own products online th

28、rough some agent websites for other consumers to bid. Individuals in classified ads can sell residential property, cars, advertise personal services on the Internet and sell knowledge as well as expertise.B2C E-CommerceOnline Shopping B2C E-Commerce refers to business between companies and consumers

29、online shopping， including customers gathering information; purchasing physical goods such as books and clothes; and receiving products over an electronic network. l Why Invest in E-Commerce? Internet population is very large. Nowadays, more and more people have access to the Internet. There are no

30、geographic boundaries. Through Internet, a manufacturer or dealer in London can sell to buyers in Mississippi, Beijing and Singapore without opening branch offices. Entry and overhead costs are relatively low. Its cheaper to launch a functional E-Commerce site than to open a new sales office or reta

31、il store. Effective cash flow management is the key to business success. With E-Commerce solutions, you can speed up payments from customers by taking credit card orders over the Internet. l Tips for Safe Online Shopping Know your merchant and find the companys physical location. Find out refund and

32、 return policy. Protect your Internet passwords. Protect your privacy. Only provide your credit card or social security information on-line in a secure environment. Keep accurate records. Know your consumer rights.l Government-to-Citizen (G2C) E-Commerce 政府與公民間電子商務政府與公民間電子商務 Among various kinds of s

33、ervices provided by governments, many of them can be done through electronic media. Providing public services electronically not only provides citizens time-saving and high-quality services, but also improves efficiency and cost effectiveness. Besides, the move can also promote the development of E-

34、Commerce. This mode of trading often describes the way in which government purchases goods and services through electronic media such as the Internet.l Government-to-Government (G2G) E-Commerce 政府部門間電子商務政府部門間電子商務 G2G E-Commerce is the electronic sharing of data and/or information systems between gov

35、ernment agencies, departments or organizations. The goal of G2G is to support e-government initiatives by improving communication, data access & data sharing.l Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce) The term “Mobile Commerce” was originally coined in 1997 to mean “the delivery of electronic commerce capab

36、ilities directly into the consumers hand, anywhere, via wireless technology.” Many choose to think of Mobile Commerce as meaning “a retail outlet in your customers pocket.”Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) EDI is about doing business and carrying out transactions with trading partners electronically

37、. EDI covers most things that are done using paper, for example, placing orders with suppliers and carrying out financial transactions. This is why the term paperless trading is often used to describe EDI. The benefit of EDI is that it can streamline（使成流線（使成流線型，使簡單化）型，使簡單化）companies interactions wit

38、h trading partners:decrease inventory, product returns, and shipping costs;speed flow of information;increase inventory turns and customer satisfaction;improve product and sales forecasting, time-to-market, and cash flow;integrate supply chain, and result in improved relationship with trading partners.E-Learning E-Learning is the training that takes place through a network, usually over the Internet or a company intranet. l E-Learning falls into two categories Synchronous E-Learning imitates a classroom context, which mea