1、實(shí)驗(yàn)一 Prolog簡(jiǎn)介及簡(jiǎn)單程序設(shè)計(jì)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、掌握Visual Prolog軟件并調(diào)試運(yùn)行程序；2、熟悉Prolog語(yǔ)言的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；3、理解Prolog程序的推理機(jī)制；4、學(xué)會(huì)用Prolog語(yǔ)言編寫簡(jiǎn)單的程序。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理1、Visual Prolog語(yǔ)言的基本知識(shí)及開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境。2、謂詞邏輯表示知識(shí)的方法、事實(shí)和規(guī)則的表示方法。3、簡(jiǎn)單邏輯推理機(jī)制。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備1、計(jì)算機(jī)PC 一臺(tái)2、Visual Prolog 5.2 四、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容和步驟1、熟悉Visual Prolog軟件的使用；新建文件夾：命令“File | New”，產(chǎn)生一個(gè)標(biāo)題為"NONAME"的文件；運(yùn)行程

2、序：GOAL write("Hello world"),nl. Project | Test Goal或Ctrl+G。2、運(yùn)行程序1，找出程序中的錯(cuò)誤并進(jìn)行修改；記錄執(zhí)行目標(biāo)1、2所得的結(jié)果；完成練習(xí)1（Exercises1）中的內(nèi)容。3、運(yùn)行程序2，記錄執(zhí)行結(jié)果；思考：若要問(wèn)目標(biāo)2、3、4時(shí)，如何來(lái)修改程序（選做）；完成練習(xí)2（Exercises2）中的內(nèi)容。4、運(yùn)行程序3、4，記錄執(zhí)行結(jié)果；理解程序中普通變量和匿名變量的使用方法。5、運(yùn)行程序5，記錄執(zhí)行結(jié)果；執(zhí)行目標(biāo)2、3并記錄其結(jié)果；理解復(fù)合目標(biāo)（合取和析取）的表示方法。6、自己編寫一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的Prolog程序。五、附

3、錄示例程序：predicates /*謂詞段，對(duì)要用的謂詞名和參數(shù)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明*/likes(symbol, symbol) - nondeterm (o,i),nondeterm (i,i)friend(symbol, symbol) - nondeterm (i,o)clauses /*子句段，存放所有的事實(shí)和規(guī)則*/likes(bell,sports). /*前4行是事實(shí)*/likes(mary,music).likes(mary,sports).likes(jane,smith).friend(john,X):-likes(X,sports),likes(X,music). /*本行是規(guī)則

4、*/goal /*目標(biāo)段，進(jìn)行提問(wèn)*/ friend(john,X).程序1：predicates likes(symbol,symbol) - nondeterm (i,i)clauses likes(ellen,tennis). likes(john,football). likes(tom,baseball). likes(eric,swimming,6). likes(mark,tennis). likes(bill,Activity):- #likes(tom, Activity).goal likes(bill,baseball). %目標(biāo)1 %likes(bill, tennis

5、). %目標(biāo)2Exercises1：Write natural language sentences that represent what these Prolog facts might convey to a human reader. (Remember that, to the computer, these facts are simple pieces of information that can be used for matching answers to questions.)1.likes(jeff, painting).2.male(john).3.building(

6、"Empire State Building", new_york).4.person(roslin, jeanie, "1429 East Sutter St.","Scotts Valley", "CA", 95066).Write Visual Prolog facts that represent the following natural language statements:1. Helen likes pizza.2. San Francisco is in California.3. Amy

7、9;s telephone number is 476-0299.4. Len's father is Alphonso Grenaldi.程序2：predicates can_buy(symbol,symbol) - nondeterm (o,o) person(symbol) - nondeterm (o) car(symbol) - nondeterm (o) likes(symbol,symbol) - nondeterm (i,i) for_sale(symbol) - nondeterm (i)clauses can_buy(X,Y):-person(X),car(Y),l

8、ikes(X,Y), for_sale(Y). person(kelly). person(judy). person(ellen). person(mark). car(lemon). car(hot_rod). likes(kelly, hot_rod). likes(judy, pizza). likes(ellen, tennis). likes(mark, tennis). for_sale(pizza). for_sale(lemon). for_sale(hot_rod).goal can_buy(Who,What). %can_buy(judy, What). %目標(biāo)2 %ca

9、n_buy(kelly, What). %目標(biāo)3 %can_buy(Who, hot_rod). %目標(biāo)4Exercises2：Write natural-language sentences corresponding to the following Visual Prolog rules:eats(Who, What):- food(What), likes(Who, What).pass_class(Who):- did_homework(Who), good_attendance(Who).does_not_eat(toby, Stuff):- food(Stuff), greasy

10、(Stuff).owns(Who, What):- bought(Who, What).Write Visual Prolog rules that convey the meaning of these natural-language sentences:a.A person is hungry if that person's stomach is empty.b.Everybody likes a job if it's fun and it pays well.c.Sally likes french fries if they're cooked.d.Eve

11、rybody owns a car who buys one, pays for it, and keeps it.程序3：predicates likes(symbol,symbol) - nondeterm (o,i), nondeterm (i,i)clauses likes(ellen,reading). likes(john,computers). likes(john,badminton). likes(leonard,badminton). likes(eric,swimming). likes(eric,reading).goal likes(Person,reading),

12、likes(Person,swimming).程序4：predicates male(symbol) - nondeterm (o) female(symbol) - nondeterm (o) parent(symbol,symbol) - nondeterm (o,o)clauses male(bill). male(joe). female(sue). female(tammy). parent(bill,joe). parent(sue,joe). parent(joe,tammy).goal parent(Parent,_).程序5：predicates car(symbol,lon

13、g,integer,symbol,long) - nondeterm (o,o,o,o,i) truck(symbol,long,integer,symbol,long) - nondeterm (o,o,o,o,i) vehicle(symbol,long,integer,symbol,long) - nondeterm (o,o,o,o,i)clauses car(chrysler,130000,3,red,12000). car(ford,90000,4,gray,25000). car(datsun,8000,1,red,30000). truck(ford,80000,6,blue,8000). truck(datsun,50000,5,orange,20000). truck(toyota,25000,2,black,25000). vehicle(Make,Odometer,Age,Color,Price):-car(Make,Odometer,Age,Color,Price);truck(Make,Odometer,Age,Color,Price).goal car(Make,Odometer,Years_on_road,Body,25000)