1、音節音節2/541. 1.單詞末尾不發音的單詞末尾不發音的e e不構成音節，如不構成音節，如bike, takebike, take；2. 2. 兩個元音字母在一起，一般為字母組合，發一個元音，構兩個元音字母在一起，一般為字母組合，發一個元音，構成一個音節。如成一個音節。如bookbook，rainrain；3. 3. 詞尾的詞尾的le le可以和其前邊的輔音組成一個音節，如可以和其前邊的輔音組成一個音節，如peoplepeople，doubledouble，littlelittle，uncleuncle，idolidol，singlesingle，chemicalchemical等。等。4/

2、545/54單詞中發音特別響亮的音節。單詞中發音特別響亮的音節。任何雙音節或多音節單詞的音標中，有重讀音節和非重讀音節任何雙音節或多音節單詞的音標中，有重讀音節和非重讀音節 ，哪一個音節重讀，該音節的左上方或該音節的元音上方標有重讀符哪一個音節重讀，該音節的左上方或該音節的元音上方標有重讀符號號“”。如：。如：hospital hhospital hspitlspitl；多音節詞中有時還可以有一個次重讀音節，這種狀況通常出現在多音節詞中有時還可以有一個次重讀音節，這種狀況通常出現在特別長的單詞中，如：特別長的單詞中，如：comprehension comprehension k kmprmpr

3、hennhenn7/548/541. 1. 兩元音字母之間如有兩個輔音字母，則中間分開，一邊一兩元音字母之間如有兩個輔音字母，則中間分開，一邊一個。個。如如: mat: matterter，memmemberber，win-dowwin-dow，docdoctortor，sup-persup-per，lit littletle等。等。這樣一分，第一個音節是以輔音字母結尾的，它就是重讀閉這樣一分，第一個音節是以輔音字母結尾的，它就是重讀閉音節，元音字母讀短元音。音節，元音字母讀短元音。2. 2. 兩元音字母中間有一輔音字母，該輔音字母劃歸后一音兩元音字母中間有一輔音字母，該輔音字母劃歸后一音節。

4、節。如：如：basicbasic，regionregion，openopen，humanhuman等。等。這樣一分，頭一個音節是以元音字母結尾的，它是重讀開這樣一分，頭一個音節是以元音字母結尾的，它是重讀開音節，元音字母讀其字母音。音節，元音字母讀其字母音。3. 3. 重讀開音節中的元音字母有不少仍讀短元音。重讀開音節中的元音字母有不少仍讀短元音。如：如：secondsecond，presentpresent，everever，hoverhover，modernmodern，properproper等。等。第二音節中有第二音節中有i i時，第一音節中的時，第一音節中的a a，e e，i i，o

5、 o大多大多讀短元音。讀短元音。如：如：spa-nishspa-nish，ha-bitha-bit，mes-sagemes-sage，ci-tyci-ty，pro-fitpro-fit等。等。 單音節詞單獨念時一律要重讀，單音節詞單獨念時一律要重讀， 但但在單獨注音時不必加重音符號。在單獨注音時不必加重音符號。 cup kp wife waif 14 a) a) 一般在第一個音節重讀一般在第一個音節重讀; ;letter sorry England letter sorry England movement exercisemovement exercise15b) b) a-, be-, d

6、e-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- trans- 等前綴的詞，第二個音節是重音等前綴的詞，第二個音節是重音; ; about believe address about believe address decide compare inform deci

7、de compare inform discuss impress mistake discuss impress mistake 16c) c) 有有 de-, in-, im-, re-, con-, pre-, pro-, o- de-, in-, im-, re-, con-, pre-, pro-, o-等前綴等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關的重音與詞義和詞類有關, , 一般名詞的重音在第一個一般名詞的重音在第一個音節上，其它的詞性在第二個音節上音節上，其它的詞性在第二個音節上: : record- record insult- insult record- record insult-

8、 insult conduct- conduct present- present conduct- conduct present- present desert- desert import- import desert- desert import- import produce- produce object- object produce- produce object- object 17d) d) 有些復合詞和帶有前綴有些復合詞和帶有前綴 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, -teenpost-, -teen等的詞，有

9、兩個重音等的詞，有兩個重音: : outside retell well-known outside retell well-known unreal fourteen Chinese unreal fourteen Chinese pre-war post-war exchange pre-war post-war exchange18a) a) 一般倒數第三個音節是重音一般倒數第三個音節是重音: : difficult communist difficult communist family family economy exercise interesting economy exerc

10、ise interesting opportunity democracy opportunity democracy possipossi bilitybility 19b) b) 有一些雙音節詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節，有一些雙音節詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音: : carefully indefinite comfortable carefully indefinite comfortable conductor according disturbance conductor according disturbance comp

11、licated establishment complicated establishment 20c) c) 詞尾有詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, -ive ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, -ive 后綴的詞，重后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個音節上音在這些后綴的前一個音節上: : courteous calcourteous cal ligr

12、aphy ediligraphy edi torial historial his torian torian mathemathe matics exmatics ex perience sufperience suf ficient ificient i dentify dentify transtrans lation lation rere ligious curiligious curi osity proosity pro tective tective mathemamathema tician tician 21d) d) 詞尾有詞尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -es

13、e, -ette -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后綴的詞，后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個次重音重音在該后綴上，而且有一個次重音: : , ,enentertain tertain , ,employee employee , ,mountaineer mountaineer , ,Japanese Japanese , ,cigarettecigarette22a) 復合名詞的重音一般在第一個音節上復合名詞的重音一般在第一個音節上;blackboard anybody handbag bookstore hot dog classroom pickpocket

14、 lifestyle website sleeping car computer games middle school sitting room 23b) b) 復合動詞的重音一般在第二個音節復合動詞的重音一般在第二個音節; ; illill treat overdotreat overdo c) c) 有些復合詞有雙重音有些復合詞有雙重音; ; kindhearted three-legged kindhearted three-legged afternoon afternoond) d) 少數復合詞的重音在第二個音節上。少數復合詞的重音在第二個音節上。whatever yourself

15、 throughoutwhatever yourself throughout24 darkroom darkroom 暗房暗房 dark dark room room 黑暗的房間黑暗的房間 greenhouse greenhouse 溫室溫室 green green house house 綠色的房屋綠色的房屋 bluebottle bluebottle 矢車菊矢車菊 blue blue bottle bottle 蘭色的瓶子蘭色的瓶子 blackboard blackboard 黑板黑板 black black board board 黑色的木板黑色的木板 English book Eng

16、lish book 英語教材英語教材 English English 5book book 英文書英文書 (printed in English)(printed in English)句子重讀的一般規則句子重讀的一般規則實詞重讀實詞重讀 虛詞不重讀虛詞不重讀一、名詞一般都重讀There is a There is a bookbook on the on the deskdesk. .My My sistersister put up a put up a picturepicture on the on the wallwall. .JohnJohn wants to see the wa

17、nts to see the teacherteacher after after classclass. .An An elephantelephant is an is an animalanimal. .一些含義較廣，本身沒有很確切內容的名詞，如一些含義較廣，本身沒有很確切內容的名詞，如thingthing，personperson，placeplace，或指一大類人或事物的名詞，如，或指一大類人或事物的名詞，如manman，womanwoman，fellowfellow，timetime，shipship，前面有修飾語縮小其范圍時，這類名詞通常不重讀，前面有修飾語縮小其范圍時，這類名詞

18、通常不重讀 Thats a nice Thats a nice thingthing. .( (比較：比較：Thats a nice Thats a nice picture picture.) .)Hes an easy Hes an easy personperson to get along with. to get along with.Hes the right Hes the right manman for the job. for the job.Its already lunch Its already lunch timetime. .（比較：（比較：Its Its tim

19、etime for lunch. for lunch.）二、二、代詞代詞常重讀的代詞有常重讀的代詞有: : 1.1.指示代詞指示代詞ThisThis is not what I mean. is not what I mean.ThatThat isnt the one I asked for. isnt the one I asked for.Do you likeDo you like（ ）these these flowersflowers？但如指示代詞前后都有重音時，該指示代詞可失去重但如指示代詞前后都有重音時，該指示代詞可失去重音音How do you like How do you

20、 like thosethose little ones little ones？Who wrote Who wrote thisthis interesting story interesting story？2 2. .名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞Yours Yours is much nicer than is much nicer than minemine. .The red one is The red one is hishis. .但在雙重所有格中，物主代詞往往不重讀但在雙重所有格中，物主代詞往往不重讀. .Im writing to a friend of Im writin

21、g to a friend of minemine. .3 3. .強調代詞強調代詞I saw it I saw it myselfmyself. .The man The man himselfhimself told me so. told me so.4 4. .疑問代詞疑問代詞WhoWho are you talking to are you talking to？WhatWhat can I do for you can I do for you？WhoWho came to see you this morning came to see you this morning？不重讀的

22、代詞有：人稱代詞，反身代詞，物主代詞不重讀的代詞有：人稱代詞，反身代詞，物主代詞（形容詞性），相互代詞，關系代詞（形容詞性），相互代詞，關系代詞HeHe hasnt seen hasnt seen mymy brother yet. brother yet.HeHe hurt hurt himselfhimself when he was playing football. when he was playing football.TheyThey often help often help each othereach other. .The girl who spoke to The gi

23、rl who spoke to youyou just now is just now is mymy sister. sister.三、形容詞：三、形容詞：形容詞（包括分詞作形容詞）一般都會重讀形容詞（包括分詞作形容詞）一般都會重讀; ;數詞一般都應重數詞一般都應重讀讀The streets are The streets are widewide，cleanclean and and beautifulbeautiful. .This This narrownarrow valley was the scene of a valley was the scene of a famousfa

24、mous battle. battle.His His firstfirst daughter is daughter is fifteenfifteen. .Its a Its a dulldull and and disappointingdisappointing film. film.The The worriedworried man entered the man entered the crowdedcrowded street. street.He bought He bought tenten cups and I bought only cups and I bought

25、only fourfour. .四、冠詞：四、冠詞： 冠詞一般都不重讀冠詞一般都不重讀He lives in He lives in a a house not far from the school. house not far from the school.Its Its anan hours drive from hours drive from thethe old station. old station.TheThe man over there is my brother. man over there is my brother.AnAn elephant is elepha

26、nt is anan animal. animal.五、五、動詞動詞 主要動詞，或稱實意動詞、行為動詞（主要動詞，或稱實意動詞、行為動詞（notional notional verbverb）都要重讀（）都要重讀（be havebe have除外）除外）He He takestakes a walk after supper every day. a walk after supper every day.Dont Dont forgetforget your homework. your homework.I I supposesuppose you you knowknow him. hi

27、m.非限定動詞一般也都重讀非限定動詞一般也都重讀不定式不定式 We decided to We decided to startstart the next day. the next day.分詞分詞 We sat at the desk We sat at the desk writingwriting a letter. a letter.動名詞動名詞 Its no use Its no use askingasking him about that. him about that.助動詞和情態動詞與助動詞和情態動詞與notnot構成的縮略式要重讀構成的縮略式要重讀I I dontdon

28、t want to go there today. want to go there today.He He wasntwasnt surprised when I told him the news. surprised when I told him the news.We We cantcant stay any longer. stay any longer.DontDont you think you you think you shouldntshouldnt say such things? say such things?We must do it now, We must d

29、o it now, mustntmustnt we? we?DoDo用于肯定句表示強調時，總是重讀的用于肯定句表示強調時，總是重讀的I I dodo hope this will be effective. hope this will be effective.He He doesdoes need your help. need your help.We We diddid warn you before. warn you before.DoDo drop in when you are in Xuzhou. drop in when you are in Xuzhou.不重讀的動詞不重

30、讀的動詞1. 1. 助動詞助動詞He He did did not work hard for the exam.not work hard for the exam.We We werewere impressed by their achievements. impressed by their achievements.Much hasMuch has been been said about it. said about it.They will They will bebe surprised at that. surprised at that.2. 2. 情態動詞情態動詞He H

31、e shouldshould be criticized for doing that. be criticized for doing that.Mary Mary could could do it better than Herbert.do it better than Herbert.I I mustmust go now. go now.Who Who cancan answer this question answer this question？3. 3. 動詞動詞 be be（是），（是），havehave（有）一般不重讀（有）一般不重讀I I havehave so man

32、y things to do today. so many things to do today.Few people Few people hadhad TV sets in those days. TV sets in those days.The key The key waswas in the box. in the box. 以上幾類通常不重讀的動詞用于簡短回答，或其后省略了主要以上幾類通常不重讀的動詞用于簡短回答，或其后省略了主要動詞時，要重讀；用于一般疑問句句首時有時重讀，但在比較動詞時，要重讀；用于一般疑問句句首時有時重讀，但在比較隨便的談話中不必重讀隨便的談話中不必重讀（

33、）HaveHave you any brothers and sisters you any brothers and sisters？YesYes，I I havehave. .()Are()Are you a student ? you a student ? Yes, I Yes, I amam. .()Can()Can you come this afternoon? you come this afternoon?Yes, I Yes, I cancan. .He said more than he He said more than he should should at the

34、meeting.at the meeting.I dont want to go there, but I I dont want to go there, but I mustmust. .六、副詞：六、副詞：副詞一般都重讀副詞一般都重讀They came back They came back earlyearly yesterday. yesterday. You meet people You meet people everywhereeverywhere. .Ive Ive nevernever heard of such a thing heard of such a thing

35、 beforebefore. .PerhapsPerhaps shell arrive shell arrive tonighttonight. .Tell him to come Tell him to come inin. .A car dashed A car dashed pastpast. .Thank you for coming to see me Thank you for coming to see me offoff. .但關系副詞不重讀但關系副詞不重讀He visited the small village He visited the small village whe

36、rewhere he was born. he was born.They came right at the time They came right at the time whenwhen we needed their we needed their help.help.This is the reasonThis is the reason why why they failed. they failed.七、七、介詞介詞 單音節介詞一般都不重讀單音節介詞一般都不重讀All All butbut one of the family are one of the family are

37、atat home. home.How far is it How far is it fromfrom Paris Paris toto London? London?What are you looking What are you looking atat? ?Thats what I was thinking Thats what I was thinking ofof. .多音節的介詞常重讀，但也可不重讀多音節的介詞常重讀，但也可不重讀Ill do it Ill do it ()after()after lunch. lunch.He finished the article He

38、finished the article ()during()during the holidays. the holidays.The man walked The man walked a()longa()long the street. the street.He searched He searched a()monga()mong the papers. the papers.I forgot all I forgot all a()bouta()bout it. it.I have nothing to say I have nothing to say con()cerningc

39、on()cerning this problem. this problem.Put it Put it oppositeopposite the door. the door.在不重讀的連系動詞在不重讀的連系動詞bebe或人稱代詞后，不論是單音節或多音節或人稱代詞后，不論是單音節或多音節介詞都重讀介詞都重讀Theyre Theyre byby the window. the window.He was He was inin the sitting-room. the sitting-room.Is it Is it nearnear the post office? the post of

40、fice?The teacher was The teacher was withwith us at the picnic. us at the picnic.It was It was duringduring the interval. the interval.He was He was besidebeside himself with rage. himself with rage.They are They are behindbehind the door. the door.介詞在句首時常可重讀介詞在句首時常可重讀OnOn his way home he met an old

41、 friend. his way home he met an old friend.InIn the room they found a little boy. the room they found a little boy. UnderUnder the tree stands a tall man. the tree stands a tall man.連接詞連接詞：單一的并列連接詞（包括關聯連接詞單一的并列連接詞（包括關聯連接詞bothandbothand neithernorneithernor等）和從屬連詞都不重讀等）和從屬連詞都不重讀He came He came andand

42、 spoke to us. spoke to us. I saw it I saw it but but didnt read it.didnt read it.Lets run Lets run oror well be late. well be late.That takes both time That takes both time andand energy. energy.NeitherNeither you you nornor I can solve the problem. I can solve the problem.I suggest I suggest thatth

43、at we give up the plan. we give up the plan.連接詞詞組連接詞詞組 其中重要的詞要重讀其中重要的詞要重讀還有一些意味較強的連接詞也要重讀還有一些意味較強的連接詞也要重讀If If onlyonly I knew how to do it. I knew how to do it.Hell help us on Hell help us on conditioncondition that we trust him. that we trust him.Well start tomorrow Well start tomorrow eveneven if

44、 it rains. if it rains.They have never met They have never met everever since 1980. since 1980.The meeting will begin as The meeting will begin as soonsoon as the guests come. as the guests come.Youll succeed so Youll succeed so longlong as you work hard. as you work hard.Its such a Its such a pityp

45、ity that you cant come. that you cant come.八、八、感嘆詞感嘆詞 感嘆詞是表示某種感情的自然一般都重讀感嘆詞是表示某種感情的自然一般都重讀AhAh！ Oh Oh！Fancy ! Goodness!Fancy ! Goodness!Nonsense! Hello!Nonsense! Hello!Indeed ! How awful!Indeed ! How awful!但如果后面緊跟一個有強重音的但如果后面緊跟一個有強重音的 詞，單音節的感嘆詞可以詞，單音節的感嘆詞可以不重讀，但音調很高不重讀，但音調很高Ah no Oh well Oh dearAh n

46、o Oh well Oh dear英語節奏是指重讀音節和非重讀音英語節奏是指重讀音節和非重讀音節交替出現的現象。節交替出現的現象。英語的節奏規律是以重音定時的，英語的節奏規律是以重音定時的，即重讀音節彼此距離相等。即重讀音節彼此距離相等。英語的節奏主要是靠重音來控制的；英語的節奏主要是靠重音來控制的；長短分明；長短分明；輕重分明；輕重分明；寫：寫：Birds eat worms.Birds have eaten worms.Birds should have eaten worms.讀：讀：Birds eat worms.Birds have eaten worms.Birds should

47、have eaten worms.1. 1. 句中重讀音節出現頻率高時，通常語速會句中重讀音節出現頻率高時，通常語速會慢一些，音節聽起來自然也清楚些；慢一些，音節聽起來自然也清楚些；2. 2. 重讀音節之間擁擠著出現的非重讀音節聽重讀音節之間擁擠著出現的非重讀音節聽起來輕快而含糊。起來輕快而含糊。3. 3. 在不受其他因素的影響下，話語中重音之間的間隔在不受其他因素的影響下，話語中重音之間的間隔時間大致相等。也就是說，根據英語的節奏規律，話時間大致相等。也就是說，根據英語的節奏規律，話語說起來所需的時間不決定于它有多少個單詞，多少語說起來所需的時間不決定于它有多少個單詞，多少個音節，而是取決于

48、它有多少個重音。個音節，而是取決于它有多少個重音。E.g. : bread and milk (O o O) E.g. : bread and milk (O o O) some bread and some milk (o O o o O) some bread and some milk (o O o o O)兩者的重讀音節數相同，故朗讀兩者的時間大致相等。兩者的重讀音節數相同，故朗讀兩者的時間大致相等。A ANot me!So what?Why not?Good luck!A a ATry again.What is more.Write it down.Put it there.a A

49、 aI hope so.Of course not.Excuse me.With pleasure. a A a aA friend of mineIts possible.Im used to it.He thinks he did. a A a a AI want you to know.Shes gone to the film.I made a mistake.He told me he would.在實際語言中，節奏的樣式復雜的多，但無非是有在實際語言中，節奏的樣式復雜的多，但無非是有些非重讀音節多一些，有些則少一些，這就要求我些非重讀音節多一些，有些則少一些，這就要求我們在說話時調整好。們在說話時調整好。 A a A a A A a a ASchool begins at this