1、The relationship between Unique geographic features of Ireland , Australia and their Biodiversity(生物多樣性) There are two interesting major english-speaking countries, Ireland and Australia. Ireland is very different from either Great Britain or mainland Europe.It surrounded by blue, covered with green

2、, in the top view. It is a separate island, not connected with other continent. It has less biological species. And to my surprise, red deer (Cervus elaphus) is Ireland's largest wild mammal. That's so weird. Deer are eating plants, but there often exist an animal who eat meats in the top of

3、 food chain. Australia is a distinctive land with many miracles. It have complex kinds of landscape and climate. It also has the world's largest coral reef. The kangaroo, the koala, the wombat and the platypus are very unique. If we put them on somewhere else, they can't survive with no suit

4、able food, many hunter and different climate. I wondered to know why the two islands have such special biodiversities. So I research some references and give my answer.To Ireland, I found just because of the unique feature, the genes of biological materials on Island have less chance to exchange wit

5、h others, formed close breeding(近親繁殖), so that the gene pool(基因庫) do not improve and become weak, making less and unique biodiversity of Ireland.To Australia, I think, to some extent, the geographical isolation(地理隔離) protect the adventitious mutations(不定項基因突變). Effected by the extremely variable wea

6、ther patterns, through a long long term of selection and accumulation, gene frequency change makes evolution, there produce many new species.1. Geography of IrelandIreland has a unique geography feature.1.1 Unique geography of IrelandWe all know Ireland is an island, it surrounded by seas. To the we

7、st is the northern Atlantic Ocean and to the south is the Celtic Sea. It makes Ireland separate with other areas, so that the gene of biological materials on Ireland has less chance to communicate with others.1.2Geology of IrelandA ring of coastal mountains surround low plains at the centre of the i

8、sland. We usually call it Basin. We could consider it as a bowl or a tea saucer. With large central lowland comprised of limestone. This kind of geology has typical advantages.1.3Climate of IrelandIreland has a mild but changeable oceanic climate with few extremes. survival threat environmental for

9、living things.Because of the above, Ireland has lush vegetation, a product of mild climate and frequent rainfall, thus Ireland also known as the Emerald Isle.2. Flora and fauna of IrelandBritain or mainland Europe. Ireland was isolated from mainland Europe by rising sea levels after the ice age, the

10、re are 55 mammal species in Ireland and of them only 26 land mammal species are native to Ireland.3. Geography of AustraliaAustralia has a very distinctive geography.3.1 Distinctive geography of AustraliaAustralia's landmass surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans, is a island In one word, c

11、omplex. These produced a condition tovariety biodiversity.3.2 Climate of AustraliaWe know, the climate of Australia is very complex. The living place in Australia is under the Mediterranean and temperate climates. The climate is significantly influenced by ocean currents, the period drought, the sea

12、sonal tropical low pressure system and etc. These complex factors forms distinctive environment for human and wildlife. This a reason why there are so many distinctive animals, such as the kangaroo, the koala and the wombat.4. Flora and fauna of AustraliaWhen refer Australia, we know the koala and t

13、he eucalyptus form a pair as Australian iconic.Australia exist two kind of marsupial-the kangaroo and the wombat.Australia has the greatest number of reptiles of any country, is home to many dangerous animals including some of the most venomous snakes in the world.5. The meaning of biodiversityThe m

14、eaning of biodiversity embodies the value of it.To us humans, living things provide us foods, fibre, materials of building and furniture and other industry. The various living things also have aesthetic values, could mould persons temperament, beautify the living environment. If there are not differ

15、ent colors of plants and variety expression faunas in the boundless universe, how about touring or taking a rest？Absolutely, boring. It is the plants in significant mountains and fishes in great rivers build the moving environment. By the way, biodiversity can stir up the inspiration of creating lit

16、erature and art works.Biodiversity is also contribute to Ecological(生態). In all kinds of ecosystem(生態系統), wildlife is an indispensable part. In the ecosystem, the relationship among wildlife is both interdependent and restrict each other. All the wildlife hold together thestructure and function. Whe

17、n the number of wildlife decreases, the stability of ecosystem destroyed and this will truly effected on human.In the field of pharmacy and science, wildlife offers many to humans. As we allknow, traditional Chinese medicine use more than 10,000 kind of plants, people get inspiration of plane from b

18、irds. The majority wildlife have studied well or even realized by man, they will provide huge potential value if they continue existing.Many plant and animal species became extinct soon after first human settlement Above all, biodiversity has great value and we should protect wildlife, it is kind of

19、protect ourselves.6. What is Geographical isolationGeographical isolation（地理隔離） is the geographic reason interfere genetic exchange（基因交流）. Geographical isolation makes gene isolation（基因隔離）.For instant, we can consider all the sheep living in an island as a big group, other sheep populations can'

20、t join in so they only can give birth with the same group. In other words, they share a close common ancestor. Then forms in-and-in breading, the weak gene frequency(基因頻率) becomes higher. When the gene pool been adapted in this way for a lasting time, without survival threat, but this sheep populati

21、on is easy to catch disease and their living capability die away.In general, geographical isolation makes new species or makes some species die away and even die out.7. The conclusionsSo we can explain why Ireland have less mammals and plants.As Ireland was isolated from mainland Europe by rising sea levels after the iceage, it isolate the connecting, make the gene pool of Ireland separated and weaken, a