1、 英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法整理 ：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 時(shí)間： 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞種類及句法功能（一）概述：在英語(yǔ)中，不作句子謂語(yǔ)，而具有除謂語(yǔ)外其他語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞，叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞不定式（the Infinitive）；動(dòng)名詞（the Gerund）；現(xiàn)在分詞（the Present Participle）；過(guò)去分詞（the Past Participle）。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同點(diǎn)有：1）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以有名詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞），在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。2）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以有形容詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞），在句中做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。3）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以有副詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定

2、式和分詞），在句中作狀語(yǔ)。（二）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能：類別語(yǔ)   法   功   能主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式動(dòng)名詞  現(xiàn)在分詞  過(guò)去分詞  二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法：1、不定式的形式：主 動(dòng)被 動(dòng)一般式to writeto be written進(jìn)行式to be writing/完成式to have writtento have been written1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后，例如：Im glad to me

3、et you./He seems to know a lot./We plan to pay a visit./He wants to be an artist.2）進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，例如：The boy pretended_./He seems to be reading in his room.3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，例如：I regretted to have told a lie./I happened to have seen the film./He is pleased to have met his f

4、riend.句法功能用法例句作主語(yǔ)常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而將不定式置于句尾It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這好像太自私了。作賓語(yǔ)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)He has determined to settle down in the countryside. 他決定到鄉(xiāng)村去安家落戶了。“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)We are talking about how to overcome the present difficulties. 我們正在討論如何克服當(dāng)前的困難。作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容、目的等，有將來(lái)時(shí)間的意

5、義His dream is to be a lawyer. 他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名律師。作定語(yǔ)置于被修飾詞的后面，表示要做的動(dòng)作At last he had a chance to go abroad. 他終于有了一個(gè)出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。作狀語(yǔ)表示原因、目的、結(jié)果、評(píng)論等She burst into laughter to see his funny action.看到他滑稽的動(dòng)作，她大笑起來(lái)。He shouted and waved to be noticed. 他邊喊邊揮手，以便引起別人的注意。He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒了過(guò)來(lái)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了。To

6、be honest, I dont like western food. 說(shuō)實(shí)話，我不喜歡西餐。作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用帶to 的不定式We all expected him to win the contest. 我們都期望他能在競(jìng)賽中獲勝。使役動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞等后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用不帶to的不定式He noticed a young man enter the office. 他注意到一個(gè)年輕男人進(jìn)了辦公室。2、動(dòng)名詞的形式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式：not + 動(dòng)名詞1）一般式：Seeing is

7、believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。2）被動(dòng)式：He came to the party without_. 他未被邀請(qǐng)就來(lái)到了晚會(huì)。3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過(guò)這部電影。4）完成被動(dòng)式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過(guò)。5）否定式：not + 動(dòng)名詞I regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒(méi)聽(tīng)他的勸告。6）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ 動(dòng)名詞He sug

8、gested our trying it once again. His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 句法功能用法例句作主語(yǔ)表示一種概念，習(xí)慣或經(jīng)驗(yàn)，有時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)于 Its (no) use/ good/ fun, Its useful/good/ nice/ useless等句式中Swimming is the best sport in summer. 游泳是夏天最好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。Its no good doing that. 那么做沒(méi)有好處。作賓語(yǔ)即可作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)后若有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)We ar

9、e considering changing our plan. 我們正在考慮改變計(jì)劃。We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。We found it no good arguing with others. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)同別人爭(zhēng)論不好。作表語(yǔ)表示抽象性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，可與主語(yǔ)互換位置My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的愛(ài)好是集郵。My sons favorite sport is playing ping-pong. 我兒子最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是打乒乓球。

10、作定語(yǔ)表示被修飾名詞的用途，在意義上相當(dāng)于“名詞+for +doing”Many people were sitting on the bench in the waiting room. 許多人坐在候車(chē)室的長(zhǎng)凳上。He has just stepped out of the swimming pool. 他剛剛走出泳池。3、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式：not + 現(xiàn)在分詞1）現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，完成式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示

11、的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語(yǔ)。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. /Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 2）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。The problem being discussed is very important. /Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 4、過(guò)去分詞的形式：done 分詞的句法

12、功能用法例句作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨等，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子主語(yǔ)一致。句子主語(yǔ)是分詞表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用現(xiàn)在分詞；是承受者，則用過(guò)去分詞We opened the window, letting the fresh air in. 我們打開(kāi)窗戶，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來(lái)。The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing.這些戰(zhàn)士什么也沒(méi)有蓋就那樣躺在地上。作定語(yǔ)單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)一般前置，分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般后置。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行，及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)、完成，但不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只表示完成不表示被動(dòng)。The sl

13、eeping baby is my sisters son.那個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的嬰兒是我姐姐的兒子。Who are the so-called guests invited to your party last night?昨晚別你邀請(qǐng)來(lái)參加聚會(huì)的那些所謂的客人們是誰(shuí)？They are both retired teachers.他們都是退休教師。作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)因外部原因產(chǎn)生的某種狀態(tài)或感受。作表語(yǔ)的分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞。The argument is very convincing.這個(gè)論點(diǎn)很令人信服。His father was satisfied

14、with his answer.他父親對(duì)他的回答很滿意。作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)性或完成性。I noticed a group of children playing football on the playground.我注意到一群孩子正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。He felt himself cheated.他感到自己被騙了。5、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞The manager being ill, he is in charge of the company for the time being.經(jīng)理病了，他暫時(shí)管理公司。邏輯主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去

15、分詞This done, we will go home.做完這個(gè)我們就回家。邏輯主語(yǔ)+不定式So many people to help, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人來(lái)幫助他，他一定會(huì)成功的。注意：（1）除非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞外，邏輯主語(yǔ)與介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、名詞等也可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。He sat there, his eyes on her back.他坐在那里，眼睛望著她的背影。He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.他坐在前排，嘴半張著。(2) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)前有時(shí)額帶介詞with 或者without.Dont sl

16、eep with the window open. 別開(kāi)著窗子睡覺(jué)。2012年高考全國(guó)英語(yǔ)試題語(yǔ)法分類匯編之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.AspeakingBhaving spokenCto speakDto have spoken2John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.AofferedBofferingCto offerDto be offe

17、red3. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will in the future of our company.A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made4._to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked5. This machin

18、e is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate6. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound7. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your

19、car _.A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash高666考%8. I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely wont make _ difference to me.A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a 9._ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. Stand10.If he takes on

20、 this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet11. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting12. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use13. The

21、old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched14. Tony lent me the money, _that Id do as much for him.A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped15. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other bi

22、rds _ away.A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay16. He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched. A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. having left17. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compa

23、re to D. compared to18. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit19. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide20. George returned after the war, only _

24、 that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being toldD. told 21.一 Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?$4,000, or like that.A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing22. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing

25、boats from in the South China Sea.A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked 23. Pressed from his parents, and _that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized24."It'

26、s a such nice place," Mother said as she sat at the table_ for customs.A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C. reservingD. reserved25. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should cither study regularly or_his job.A. quitsB. to quitC. quittingD. quit26. No matter how bright a talker you

27、 are, there are times when it's bettersilent.A. remainB. be remainingC. having remained D. to remain27.an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.A. BasedB. Basing C. BaseD. To base28. As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate _ now

28、 and then telling me how everyone is getting along.A. hearing B. to hear C. to be hearing D. having heard29. The teacher didnt feel like _ hem on the spot. A. correct B. correcting C. to correct D. corrected30. With the old man _ the way, we had no trouble in _ that cave. A. leads, find B. leading,

29、finding C. led, to find D. was leading, found31. I remember _ for the job, but I forget the exact amount. A. to pay B. paying C. to have paid D. being paid32. He was seen _ out. A. go B. to go C. went D. goes33. He hasnt got used _ in the countryside. A. live B. to live C. to living D. living34. We

30、dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking35. Im looking forward to _ from you soon. A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. being heard36. She doesnt mind _ at home alone though she may feel lonely. A. leave B. being left C. leaving D. to be left37. People from all the c

31、orners came to the city, _ it very crowded. A. to make B. and making C. made D. making38. _ all the time is the key to _ progress in English. A. Practise, making B. To practise, making C. Practise, make D. To practise, make39. Only one of these books is _. A. worth to read B. worth being read C. wor

32、th of reading D. worth reading40. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow41. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest42._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received43. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the po