1、2009屆學(xué)生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 存檔編號(hào)：_畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯題目：數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展 部 （系） 機(jī)械與建筑工程學(xué)部_ 專 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化姓 名 彭偉雄學(xué) 號(hào) 20051503010109指導(dǎo)教師 李 列2009年 月 日1. About numerical control system design development gaugeAs noted previously, there are better commonability , flexibility , adaptability , expanding in the open numerical control s

2、ystem, countries such as U.S.A. , European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on research and formulation of the systematic norm of structural numerical control of the open system (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ), 3 of world heavy economy carry on the

3、same science plan and standardize formulation nearly in a short time most, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of the technology of numerical control. Our country started research and formulation which standardized the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2000.2 .About

4、the numerical control standardThe numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Numerical control technology information exchange of 50 year born , to based on ISO6983 standard, adopt G , M code describes how processes, its essential charac

5、teristic faces the processing course, obviously, he can''t meet demands of high-speed development of the technology of modern numerical control more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC ) in the world, its purpose is offer

6、ing a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system , can describe the unified data model in whole lifespan of the products , thus realize the whole manufacture process, and even the standardization of each industrial field product information.The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revo

7、lution of the technical field of the numerical control, on development and even the whole manufacturing industry of the technology of numerical control , will exert a far-reaching influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea , in the traditional manufacture idea

8、, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on single computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a direction of open , networked development of technology of numerical control. Secondly, STEP-NC numerical control system also can reduce , process

9、 (about 75% ) drawing , process procedure work out (about 35% ) time and process (about 50% ) time greatly.At present, American-European countries pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1- 2001.12.3 ) of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users , manufacturers and

10、 academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan. STEP Tools Company of U.S.A. is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed and accused of the super model (Super Model ) of information exchange of machi

11、ne tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new data interchange form has already been verified in allocating the SIEMENS , FIDIA and European OSACA-NC numerical control at present.3Pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry developme

12、nt of numerical control of our countryThe technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, i.e. closed developing stage. In this stages, technology of foreign countr

13、ies blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of the technology of numerical control is comparatively slow. During " Sixth Five-Year Plan Period " , " the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period " of the country in second stage and earlier stage in " the

14、Eighth Five-Year Plan Period ", introduce technology , digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environm

15、ent and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is that on the later stage in " the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period " of the coun

16、try and during the " Ninth Five-Year Plan Period ", implement the research of industrialization , enter market competition stage. At this stage, made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In " the Ninth Five-Year Plan &qu

17、ot; latter stage, domestic numerical control domestic market share of lathe reach 50% , mix domestic numerical control system (popular ) to up to 10%.Review the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially pass the brainstorm of 4 Five-Year Pl

18、ans, all in all has made following achievements.a. Have establish the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has basically mastered the technology of modern numerical control. Our country know from numerical control system , servo urge , numerical control host computer , speci

19、al plane and their basic of fittings basically already now, among them most technology have already possessed the foundation that is commercialized and developed , some technology has already, industrialization commercialized.a.Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tac

20、kling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize , set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity of batch such as numerical control of Central China , spaceflight numerical control etc. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, a b

21、atch of servo systems and first machine tool plant , first machine tool plant of Jinan of servo electrical machinery factory and Beijing ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories such as the numerical control in Central China. These factories have basically formed the numerical control

22、 industrial base of our country.b.Have set up research of a numerical control, development , managerial talent''s basic team . Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of the technology of numerical control, but we will realize soberly, the rese

23、arch and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, there is greater disparity between current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level especially in industrialization. Though very fast from longitudinal development to watch our country, horiz

24、ontal until (contrast with foreign countries ) , the engineering level has disparity, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, i.e. the disparity of engineering level between some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch f

25、rom world , estimate roughly as follows about the numerical control engineering level of our country and industrialization level.a.On the engineering level, in probably backward 10- 1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technol

26、ogy.b.At the industrialization level, the market share is low, the variety coverage rate is low, have not formed the large-scale production yet; Function part specialized level of production and form a complete set ability to be lower; Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high

27、,the commercialized intensity is insufficient; Not setting up one''s own brand effect yet in domestic numerical control system, users have insufficient confidence. c.At the ability of sustainable development, to competition numerical control research and development of technology, engineered

28、 ability weaker; Numerical control technological application expand efforts to be better; The research , formulation that relevant standards are normal lags behind.It is analyzed that the main reason for having disparity described above has the following several respect.a.Realize the respect. Know t

29、o domestic numerical control industry process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic insufficiently; One that is to market unstandard, foreign blockade add strangle , system ,etc. underestimate while being difficult; It is not enough to analyze to technological application level and a

30、bility of numerical control of our country. b.System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue , consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one , industry chain in terms of technology; Set up intact re

31、lated system , complete training , service network ,etc. of high quality support the system.c.Mechanism. The bad mechanism causes the brain drain , restraining technology and technological route from innovating again , products innovation, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning

32、, has often planned the ideal , implement the difficulty. d.Technology. Enterprises are indifferent in autonomous innovation in technology, key technology is engineered and indifferent. Lathe standard lag behind, level relatively low, numerical control system new standard study enoughly.4. Strategic

33、 thinking until technology and industrialization of numerical control of our country develop4.1 Strategic considerationOur country of strategic consideration makes the big country , should try hard to accept the front instead of the back transformation in the world industry shifts , should master an

34、d make key technology advancedly , otherwise in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, of our country manufacturing industry step forward " the empty core ". We regard resource , environment , market as cost, possibility got to exchange " assemble the centre &qu

35、ot;, but not master the status of the manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously.We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to the technology of numerical control a

36、nd industry''s question , at first seen from social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can improve the people''s living standard but also can relieve the pressure of empl

37、oyment of our country , ensure the stability of the society; Secondly seen from security of national defence, the western developed country has classified all the high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control products as the strategic materials of the country, realize embargo and restriction

38、 to our country, " Toshiba incident " and " Cox Report " is the best illustration.4.2 Development tacticsProceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the country of our country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of the national economy as the

39、 direction, regard improving our country and making the comprehensive competitive power of equipping industry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose the support technology that the initial our country makes the key technology upgraded in development of

40、 equipping industry and supports the development of industrialization in 21st century of leading factor, the ability to supply the necessary technology realizes making the jump type development of the equipping industry as the content of research and development.Emphasize market demand is a directio

41、n, take terminal products of numerical control as the core , with the complete machine (Such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide range, milling machine , high speed high precise high-performance numerical control lathe , model digitized machinery , key industry key equi

42、pment ,etc. ) drive numerical control development of industry. Solve the numerical control system and relevant functions part especially The dependability in (digitized servo system and electrical machinery , electric main shaft system of high speed and new attachment that equip ,etc. ) and producti

43、on scale question. There are no products without high dependability of scale ; Will not have cheap and products rich in the competitiveness without scale ; Certainly, it is difficult finally to have the day to hold up head that there is no Chinese numerical control equipment of scale .In equipping r

44、esearching and developing high-grade , precision and advancedly , should emphasize the production, learning and research and close combination of end user, regard " obtaining, using, selling " as the goal, tackle key problems according to the national will, in order to solve the needing ba

45、dly of the country. The technology of numerical control, emphasized innovation, put emphasis on researching and developing technology and products with independent intellectual property right before the competition, establish the foundation for the numerical control industry of our country , sustain

46、able development of the equipment manufacture and even the whole manufacturing industry.1.關(guān)于數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)規(guī)范開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)有更好的通用性、柔性、適應(yīng)性、擴(kuò)展性，美國、歐共體和日本等國紛紛實(shí)施戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展計(jì)劃，并進(jìn)行開放式體系結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)規(guī)范(OMAC、OSACA、OSEC)的研究和制定，世界3個(gè)最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體在短期內(nèi)進(jìn)行了幾乎相同的科學(xué)計(jì)劃和規(guī)范的制定，預(yù)示了數(shù)控技術(shù)的一個(gè)新的變革時(shí)期的來臨。我國在2000年也開始進(jìn)行中國的ONC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的規(guī)范框架的研究和制定。2.關(guān)于數(shù)控標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)控標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是制造業(yè)信息化發(fā)展的

47、一種趨勢(shì)。數(shù)控技術(shù)誕生后的50年間的信息交換都是基于ISO6983標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即采用G，M代碼描述如何（how）加工，其本質(zhì)特征是面向加工過程，顯然，他已越來越不能滿足現(xiàn)代數(shù)控技術(shù)高速發(fā)展的需要。為此，國際上正在研究和制定一種新的CNC系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISO14649（STEPNC)，其目的是提供一種不依賴于具體系統(tǒng)的中性機(jī)制，能夠描述產(chǎn)品整個(gè)生命周期內(nèi)的統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)模型，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)制造過程，乃至各個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)品信息的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。STEP-NC的出現(xiàn)可能是數(shù)控技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的一次革命，對(duì)于數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展乃至整個(gè)制造業(yè)，將產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。首先，STEP-NC提出一種嶄新的制造理念，傳統(tǒng)的制造理念中，NC加工程序都集中在單

48、個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)上。而在新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下，NC程序可以分散在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，這正是數(shù)控技術(shù)開放式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化發(fā)展的方向。其次，STEP-NC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)還可大大減少加工圖紙（約75）、加工程序編制時(shí)間（約35）和加工時(shí)間（約50）。目前，歐美國家非常重視STEP-NC的研究，歐洲發(fā)起了STEP-NC的IMS計(jì)劃(1999.1.12001.12.31)。參加這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的有來自歐洲和日本的20個(gè)CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC用戶、廠商和學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)。美國的STEPTools公司是全球范圍內(nèi)制造業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)交換軟件的開發(fā)者，他已經(jīng)開發(fā)了用作數(shù)控機(jī)床加工信息交換的超級(jí)模型(SuperModel)，其目標(biāo)是用統(tǒng)一的規(guī)范描述所有加工過程。目前這

49、種新的數(shù)據(jù)交換格式已經(jīng)在配備了SIEMENS、FIDIA以及歐洲OSACA-NC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的原型樣機(jī)上進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。3.對(duì)我國數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的基本估計(jì) 我國數(shù)控技術(shù)起步于1958年，近50年的發(fā)展歷程大致可分為3個(gè)階段：第一階段從1958年到1979年，即封閉式發(fā)展階段。在此階段，由于國外的技術(shù)封鎖和我國的基礎(chǔ)條件的限制，數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展較為緩慢。第二階段是在國家的“六五”、“七五”期間以及“八五”的前期，即引進(jìn)技術(shù)，消化吸收，初步建立起國產(chǎn)化體系階段。在此階段，由于改革開放和國家的重視，以及研究開發(fā)環(huán)境和國際環(huán)境的改善，我國數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究、開發(fā)以及在產(chǎn)品的國產(chǎn)化方面都取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。第三階段是在國家的“八五”的后期和“九五”期間，即實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)化的研究，進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)階段。在此階段，我國國產(chǎn)數(shù)控裝備的產(chǎn)業(yè)化取得了實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)步。在“九五”末期，國產(chǎn)數(shù)控機(jī)床的國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)占有率達(dá)50，配國產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)（普及型）也達(dá)到了10。縱觀我國數(shù)控技術(shù)近50年的發(fā)展歷程，特別是經(jīng)過4個(gè)5年計(jì)劃的攻關(guān)，總體來看取得了以下成績(jī)。 a.奠定了數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，基本掌握了現(xiàn)代數(shù)控技術(shù)。我國現(xiàn)在已基本掌握了從數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)、數(shù)控主機(jī)、專機(jī)及其配套件的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)，其中大部分技術(shù)已具備進(jìn)行商品化開發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)，部分技術(shù)已商品化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化。b.初步形成了數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)基地。在攻關(guān)成果和部分技術(shù)商品化的