1、AssetAppraisalChapter3Costapproach2（1）ThetheoreticalbasisofcostmethodValueofCostproductiontheory:Thevalueoftheassetsdependsonthepurchaseofthecost(2)Evaluationonthecostapproach1、ThebasicprincipleofcostapproachPhysicalfunctionaleconomicDevaluationsValue=Replacementcost-3（3）payattentiontotheproblemsa.T

2、herealityofthehistoricaldatab.ThecostformationoftheassetsvalueisnecessaryThe premise1Evaluatedassetsareinthecontinuedusestatusorassumedinthecontinuedusestatus.Onlyonthishypothesis,alltheexpenditureforretaketheassetscanconstitutethevaluecontent.2Theexpectedreturnfortheassetscouldsupportitsresetandinv

3、estmentvalue.42、BasiccalculationformulaandtheindicatorsofthecostmethodThebasicformula:TheassetsevaluatedvalueReplacementcostPhysicaldevaluation實體性貶值Functionaldevaluation功能性貶值Economicdevaluation經濟性貶值TheassetsevaluatedvalueReplacementcost重置成本綜合成新率Integratednewnessrate5（1）Replacementcostanditsmeasureme

4、ntRestore(復原)andUpdate（更新）Comparison:Same：Usingthecurrentpriceandcosttocalculate.Difference：thereisadifferencebetweenthematerials,standardsanddesign.Butthebasicfunctionsdidnotbechanged.更新重置成本復原重置成本再取得成本資產的現行重置成本6Thereasonwhywechoose“update”toconstructreplacementcostinsteadof“restore”oncertainconditi

5、ons?because：A.UpdateischeaperthanRestore(noextrainvestmentcost)itcanusenewtechnology,improvedproductivity,newcraftsmanship&newdesign.B.Updatemayhaveloweroperatingexpenses.(noextraoperatingcost)n【單選題】運用成本法評估一項資產時，若分別選用復原重置成本和更新重置成本，則應當考慮不同重置成本情況下，具有不同的（）。A.功能性貶值 B.經濟性貶值C.收益性貶值 D.實體性貶值 n【單選題】由于資產以

6、外的外部環境因素變化導致資產價值的降低稱為（）A.實體性貶值 B.功能性貶值C.經濟性貶值 D.無形損耗n【單選題】復原重置成本與更新重置成本的相同之處表現為（）。A.技術水平相同 B.制造標準相同 C.價格水平相同 D.材料消耗相同n【多選題】復原重置成本與更新重置成本的差異在于（）。A.功能不同 B.成本構成不同C.價格標準不同 D.材料、標準、技術等不同n【多選題】造成資產經濟性貶值的主要原因有（）A.該技術落后了B.該項資產生產的產品需求減少了C.社會勞動生產率提高D.自然力作用加劇E.政府公布淘汰該類資產的時間表12(2) Replacementcostcalculationmeth

7、od重置核算法重置核算法Accordingtothecostoftheasset,thecurrentmarketpriceasthestandard,Replacementcostdirectcost+indirectcostDirectcostsinclude:purchaseexpenditure,transportationcosts,installationcosts.Indirectcostmainlyreferstotheenterprisemanagementfees,trainingfees.13Thismethodcanbeusedin:Ifitisabletoobtain

8、thecurrentpriceofanassetinthe“brandnew”condition.Thismethodcanbeusedinboth“restore”&“update”.nPracticeConsiderthefollowingproperty:nCurrentmarketpriceof50,000Yuaneach;nTransportfees1,000Yuan;nDirectinstallationcosts800Yuanincludingrawmaterials300Yuan,laborcosts500Yuan;nIndirectcostsofinstallatio

9、ncostis0.8withthelaborcost;Howmuchisthereplacementcostoftheequipment.Considerthefollowingproperty:nAnenterprisehadanexistingmachineequipment,thepriceofthesimilarproductsinthemarketis60,000RMB,transportingfees1,000Yuan,directinstallationcosts900Yuan,whichincludingrawmaterial400andlaborcost500.Theinst

10、allationtakes50hours.nAccordingtothestatisticalanalysis,intheinstallationcost,theratioofindirectcosttodirectcostis50%.Inthecontinuetouseconditions,whatisthereplacementcostoftheequipment?15ANSWERn purchasing price 60,000n transporting fees 1,000n installation costs 900nDirect cost 61,900nIndirect cos

11、t 450nReplacement cost 6235016n【單選題】運用重置核算法確定的重置成本可以是（）。A.復原重置成本 B.更新重置成本C.復原重置成本或更新重置成本 D.兩者都不是18Ifwecannotgetthecurrentpriceofanassetinbrandnewstatus，Wecanonlylookforthecurrentmarketpriceoftheassetswhichissimilartotheevaluationassetsasareference,byadjustingfunctionaldifference,obtainedthereplaceme

12、ntcostofassets.Functionalcoefficientmethod,namelyaccordingtothefunctionrelationbetweenfunctionandcost,determinethereplacementcost.(3). Functionalcoefficientmethod功能系數法功能系數法19AFunctionalvaluemethod功能價值法Ifthereisalinearrelationshipbetweenfunctionandcost,calculationformula:BTheeconomicscaleindexmethod規

13、模經濟效益指數法Ifthecostfunctionswithanexponentialrelationship,calculationformula:Thismethodisgenerallycalculatein“update”replacementcost.x參照物生產能力被估資產生產能力重置成本參照物重置成本被估資產的參照物生產能力被估資產生產能力重置成本參照物重置成本被估資產的n【單選題】被評估資產甲生產能力為60 000件/年，參照資產乙的重置成本為5 000元，生產能力為30 000件/年，設規模經濟效益指數x取值0.7，被評估資產的重置成本最接近于（）元。A.7 300 B.6

14、500 C.7 212D.8 123 Considerthefollowingproperty:nThereferenceisabrandnewone;nPerformsthesamefunctionwiththeevaluatedasset;nCurrentmarketpriceis50,000Yuan;nTheannualoutputis5,000pieces;nTheannualoutputoftheevaluatedassetis4,000piecesTrytocalculatereplacementcostfortheevaluatedasset.Considerthefollowi

15、ngproperty:nReplacementcostforreferenceassetis100,000Yuan;nTheannualoutputis300,000pieces;nTheannualoutputoftheevaluatedassetis600,000pieces;nn=0.7Trytocalculatereplacementcostfortheevaluatedasset.23(4).PriceindexmethodIfthecurrentmarketvalueofthesimilarassetsisnotavailable,thepriceindexmethod.Canbe

16、used.（1）Fixedbasepriceindex定基物價指數（2）Chainpriceindex環比物價指數Thecalculationofthepriceindexmethodcanbeusedin“restore”replacementcost.資產購建時物價指數資產評估時物價指數歷史成本資產的重置成本被估資產niia1%)1 (資產歷史成本被估資產重置成本Considerthefollowingproperty:nTheassetisconstructedin2007;nThebookvalueis50,000Yuan;nTheassetsPriceindexwhenconstru

17、ctingwas95%nTheassetsPriceindexwhenevaluatingis160%Howmuchisthereplacementcostoftheasset.【單選題】一般來說，科學技術進步較快的資產，采用價格指數法估算的重置成本往往會（）。A.偏低B.正常反映其重置成本水平 C.偏高D.不確定4. StatisticalanalysisWhenassetshasalowunitprice&largequantity,inordertoreducetheevaluationcost,thismethodcanbeapplied.Steps:（1）Classifica

18、tionofassetswillbeevaluatedaccordingtocertainstandards.（2）Sampleselectionofrepresentativeasset,andchoosethepropermethodtocalculatethereplacementcost.（3）CalculatetheadjustmentcoefficientK.（4）AccordingtothecalculationofKvaluewasestimatedassetsreplacementcost.AssetsreplacementcostTheoriginalcostofasset

19、sKConsiderthefollowingproperty:nToappraiseacategoryofequipmentinanenterprise,drew5typicalequipmentssamples;nThetotalreplacementcostforthe5typicalequipmentsis300,000Yuan;nThetotalhistoricalcostforthe5typicalequipmentsis200,000Yuan;nThetotalbookvalueforthiscategoryequipmentsis5,000,000Yuan;Trytocalcul

20、atereplacementcostforthiscategoryequipments.【單選題】下列計算重置成本的方法中，計算結果必然屬于復原重置成本的是（）A.重置核算法 B.物價指數法C.功能價值法 D.規模經濟效益指數法 Considerthefollowingproperty:nPurchased3yearsbefore;nNosubstitutionsforthisequipment;nThebookvalueoftheequipmentisRMB100,000includingpurchasingpriceRMB80,000;transportfeesRMB4,000;insta

21、llationcosts(includingmaterial)RMB10,000;debuggingfeeRMB6,000.nAfterinvestigation,thecurrentpriceoftheequipmentisRMB95,000,transportationfees,installationcostanddebuggingfeesrespectivelyraisedby40%,30%,20%.Trytocalculatereplacementcostfortheequipment.Replacementcost=95,000+4,000*（1+40%）+10,000*（1+30

22、%）+6,000*（1+20%）=120,80030 3. Tangiblelossanditsmeasurement(physicaldevaluation)Themeasurementmethod:(1). observation觀察法觀察法Tangiblelossofevaluationassetsreplacementcost（1Newnessrate）(2). Useful-lifemethod使用年限法使用年限法ActualservicelifenominalservicelifeAssetuserateFortherenewedassets,weneedtocalculatetheweightedaveragehasbeenusedforyears.Tangiblelossrate更新成本加權更新成本加權平均已使用年限實際已使用年限總使用年限殘值重置成本被評估資產的有形損耗【計算】某資產于1985年2月購進，1995年2月評估時，名義已使用年限是10年