1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載外研社版初三英語被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)； 主動語態(tài)表示主語為謂語動作的執(zhí)行者；如：people grow rice in the south of china.中國南部的人們種植水稻；被動語態(tài)表示主語為謂語動詞的動作曾受者；如： this bridge was built last year.這座橋為去年修建的；一.被動語態(tài)一被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)為由“be+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的；助動詞be 隨著主語的人稱.數(shù).時態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化；如：he was heard to sing in his room.有人聽到他在他的房間里唱

2、歌；football is enjoyed by people all over the world.全世界的人們都寵愛足球；（二） 1.一般現(xiàn)在時主動語態(tài)為do/does被動語態(tài)為am/is/are+done如：we clean the classroom.the classroom is cleaned by us. 2.一般過去時主動語態(tài)為did被動語態(tài)為was/were +done如：he made the kite.the kite was made by him.3.一般將來時主動語態(tài)為will/shall/be going to +do精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下

3、載被動語態(tài)為will/shall/be going to+be +done如：they will plant trees tomorrow.trees will be planted by them tomorrow.4.現(xiàn)在進行時主動語態(tài)為am/is/are+dong被動語態(tài)為am/is/are+being +done如：she is watering flowers.flowers are being watered by her.5.過去進行時主動語態(tài)為was/were+done被動語態(tài)為was/were+being+done如：she was writing a letter this

4、 time yesterday.a letter was being written by her this time yesterday.6.現(xiàn)在完成時主動語態(tài)為have/has+done被動語態(tài)為have/has+been+done如：jim has finished the work.the work has been finished by jim.7.過去完成時主動語態(tài)為had done被動語態(tài)為had +been+done如：jim had finished the work before he went to school.the work had been finished b

5、y jim before he went to school.8.過去將來時主動語態(tài)為would/should/be going to+do被動語態(tài)為would/should/be going to +be+done精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載如：he said he would make a kite.he said a kite would be made by him.9.含情態(tài)動詞主動語態(tài)can/may/must+do被動語態(tài)can/may/must+be+done如：he can finish the work today.the work can be finis

6、hed by him today.（三）被動語態(tài)的用法在被動語態(tài)中,主語為動作的承擔(dān)者,主要用于以下幾種情形：1.不知道動作的執(zhí)行者為誰；this watch is made in china.2.沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者為誰；more trees must be planted every year. 3.需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承擔(dān)者時；chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4.句子的主語為動作的承擔(dān)者；many houses were washed away by the flood.二.主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換（一）主

7、動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)1. 要將主動句里的賓語成分變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z成分,如主動句中的賓語為人稱代詞,要將賓格變成主格；2. 把主動句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械馁e語,主格變?yōu)橘e格,并由by 引導(dǎo)；3. 謂語動詞變成相應(yīng)的被動形式；we asked him to sing an english song.he was asked to sing an english song by us.二帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)謂語動詞帶雙賓語時,既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語,也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語；如將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語,就保留直接賓語；如將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語就保留間接賓語,且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞

8、to 或 for ；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載she gave me a book.i was given a book.a book was given to me.三短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)很多由不及物動詞和介詞.副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞,相當(dāng)于及物動詞,可以有賓語,也可以有被動語態(tài)；但為短語動詞為一個不行分割的整體,在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,不行丟掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞；we should speak to old men politely. old men should be spoken to politely.四帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)賓語加上賓語補足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語；

9、變被動語態(tài)時,只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z,賓語補足語保留在原處,成為主語補足語；i heard jane playing the piano in her room. jane was heard playing the piano in her room.五被動語態(tài)后動詞形式的挑選主動句中在感官動詞see、 hear、 watc、 feel、 notice 等以及使役動詞let、 make、 have 等后跟省略 to 的不定式,變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r,應(yīng)加上不定式符號to ；he makes the girl stay at home.the girl is made to stay at home

10、by him.last sunday we heard them sing peking opera in the theatre. they were heard to sing peking opera in the theatre last sunday.三.被動語態(tài)三大留意問題（一）主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動意義1. open、 losk、 write、 read、 sell、 clean、 wash、 cut、 drive等詞作不及物動詞時,它們的主語為物,可用主動語態(tài)表被動意義；this kind of pen writes very smoothly. this kind of shirt

11、sell well here.2. look、 sound、 taste、 smell 等系動詞用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動意義；uniform look ugly on us. mooncakes taste delicious.3. 在 be worth doing 中, doing 表被動意義；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載this book is worth reading.4. want/need/ require+doing相當(dāng)于 want/need/require+to be done. to be done表示不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)；my bike needs repairing

12、.=my bike needs to be repaired.二不用被動語態(tài)的情形1.主動句的賓語為each other 或反身代詞時,不能用于被動語態(tài)；the man introduced himself as mr white. they help each other study english.2.當(dāng)主動句的謂語動詞為表狀態(tài)的及物動詞時,不能用于被動語態(tài)；my brother enjoys watching tv. he asked to have a try.三被動語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)分1.被動語態(tài)表示以主語為動作的承擔(dān)者,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)就表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)；the shop is closed at 9:00 o（動作cl）ock.the shop is clos