1、(復(fù)合句) 賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句授課者：Miss Liu1中考考點(diǎn)中考考點(diǎn)1賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序及句中引導(dǎo)詞的選用。賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序及句中引導(dǎo)詞的選用。2狀語(yǔ)從句中的連詞及時(shí)態(tài)。狀語(yǔ)從句中的連詞及時(shí)態(tài)。3定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法。定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法。2考點(diǎn)一 賓語(yǔ)從句概念概念：在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句可：在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句可作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可做介詞的賓語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可做介詞的賓語(yǔ)1引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞(1)(1)在在that that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，若是陳述句作賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)的

2、賓語(yǔ)從句中，若是陳述句作賓語(yǔ)，thatthat可以省略。可以省略。egeg：The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.收音機(jī)報(bào)道說(shuō)明天要下雨。收音機(jī)報(bào)道說(shuō)明天要下雨。(2)(2)連接代詞連接代詞whichwhich，whatwhat，whowho等或連接副詞等或連接副詞how, how, where, why, whenwhere, why, when等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)的從句時(shí)，等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)的從句時(shí)，從句改用陳述語(yǔ)序。從句改用陳述語(yǔ)序。egeg

3、：Could you tell me Could you tell me what he said to you? to you?你能告訴我他跟你說(shuō)了些什么嗎？你能告訴我他跟你說(shuō)了些什么嗎？3(3)whether (3)whether 或或 if if 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句作賓引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)的從句時(shí)，從句改用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：語(yǔ)的從句時(shí)，從句改用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：I wonder I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li you have told the news to Li Lei.Lei.我想知道你是否已經(jīng)告訴李

4、雷這個(gè)消息了。我想知道你是否已經(jīng)告訴李雷這個(gè)消息了。 注意注意 下列幾種情況通常使用下列幾種情況通常使用whetherwhether：具有選擇意義且又有具有選擇意義且又有oror或或or notor not，尤其是直接與，尤其是直接與or or notnot連用時(shí)，往往用連用時(shí)，往往用whetherwhether；egeg：Could you tell me whether go or not?Could you tell me whether go or not?介詞之后用介詞之后用whetherwhether； eg,eg,：We are talking about whether wel

5、l go on the We are talking about whether well go on the pinic.pinic.不定式前用不定式前用whetherwhether。 egeg：We decided whether to walk there.We decided whether to walk there.42時(shí)態(tài)(1)(1)當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài) Do you know if/whether he Do you know if/whether he has seen the film? the f

6、ilm? (2) (2)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去式，從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去式，從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)。EgEg：We asked what Jean We asked what Jean was doing then.then.我們問(wèn)瓊那時(shí)正在做什么。我們問(wèn)瓊那時(shí)正在做什么。(3)(3)當(dāng)從句表述的是客觀真理或普遍規(guī)律時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句要使當(dāng)從句表述的是客觀真理或普遍規(guī)律時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。EgEg：Lisa asked whether light Lisa asked whether light travels/goes faster than

7、 faster than sound.sound. 麗薩問(wèn)光的傳播速度是否比聲音快。麗薩問(wèn)光的傳播速度是否比聲音快。53語(yǔ)序（疑問(wèn)詞（疑問(wèn)詞+ +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+ +其他）其他）(1)(1)陳述句改為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變。如：陳述句改為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變。如：He is a good child. The teacher said. He is a good child. The teacher said. The teacher said (that) he was a good childThe teacher said (that) he was a good child. .

8、 老師說(shuō)他是個(gè)好孩子。老師說(shuō)他是個(gè)好孩子。(2)(2)一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句改為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，語(yǔ)序改為陳述一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句改為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，語(yǔ)序改為陳述語(yǔ)序。如：語(yǔ)序。如：Does he work hardDoes he work hard？I wonder.I wonder.I wonder if/whether I wonder if/whether he works hard 我想知道他工作是否努力。我想知道他工作是否努力。 When did he leaveWhen did he leave？I dont know. I dont know. I dont know when he

9、left.I dont know when he left.我不知道他是什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)的。我不知道他是什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)的。 提醒提醒 賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為“特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞to to do”do”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句。如：結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句。如：I dont know what I should say.I dont know what I should say.I dont know whatI dont know what to say 我不知道要說(shuō)什么。我不知道要說(shuō)什么。6賓語(yǔ)從句小口訣賓語(yǔ)從句小口訣賓語(yǔ)

10、從句三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)序引導(dǎo)詞賓語(yǔ)從句三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)序引導(dǎo)詞主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不需受限制；主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不需受限制；主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句須用相應(yīng)時(shí)；主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句須用相應(yīng)時(shí)；陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化thatthat引，一般疑問(wèn)句用引，一般疑問(wèn)句用if/whetherif/whether特殊問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。特殊問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。習(xí)題習(xí)題： 1Your English is so good. Could you tell us _? 1Your English is so good. Could you tell us _? At homeschool. My fath

11、er taught me.(2014 At homeschool. My father taught me.(2014南昌南昌) ) A Awhere did you learn it Bwhere did you learn it Bwhere will you learn it where will you learn it C Cwhere you learnt it D.where you will learn itwhere you learnt it D.where you will learn it2 2Could you tell me _ Could you tell me

12、_ ？You can take the No.1 bus. (2014You can take the No.1 bus. (2014，黔西南州，黔西南州) )A Ahow can we get to Xingyi Airporthow can we get to Xingyi Airport B Bhow we can get to Xingyi Airport how we can get to Xingyi Airport C Chow do we get to Xingyi Airport how do we get to Xingyi Airport D Dhow we got to

13、 Xingyi Airporthow we got to Xingyi AirportC CB B73 3Can you tell me _Can you tell me _？In these days.(2014In these days.(2014，鄂州，鄂州) ) A Awhen will they go to the Science Museumwhen will they go to the Science Museum B Bhow long they have been in New York how long they have been in New York C Chow

14、soon they will go to see the children left at home how soon they will go to see the children left at home D Dwhat time will they attend the meeting what time will they attend the meeting 4 4Excuse meExcuse me，could you tell me _could you tell me _？ .(2014 .(2014東營(yíng)東營(yíng)) ) Go along this street until you

15、 see some buildings with Go along this street until you see some buildings with golden roofsgolden roofs A Ahow I can go to Tianning Temple(how I can go to Tianning Temple(天寧寺天寧寺) ) B Bhow often you go to Tianning Templehow often you go to Tianning Temple C.how soon you will go to Tianning Temple C.

16、how soon you will go to Tianning Temple D Dhow many times you have been to Tianning Temple how many times you have been to Tianning Temple 5 5She got a nice skirt as a present on her birthday.Do you know She got a nice skirt as a present on her birthday.Do you know _(2014_(2014呼和浩特呼和浩特) ) A Awhat wa

17、s it made of Bwhat was it made of Bhow much did it costhow much did it cost C Cwho buys it for her Dwho buys it for her Dwhere she got itwhere she got it C CA AD D8考點(diǎn)二 狀語(yǔ)從句 概念：用來(lái)修飾主句的動(dòng)詞，副詞和形容詞的從句1分類(lèi)(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句由when, before, after, until, as soon as, while, as, since 等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句叫做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。eg：I feel ve

18、ry happy when I meet my friends again.當(dāng)我再次見(jiàn)到我的朋友們時(shí)我感到很高興。We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自從我們開(kāi)始做飯，我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺(jué)。(go to bed 表示的動(dòng)作不能持續(xù))9Ill call him Ill call him as soon as he comes back.he comes back. 他一回來(lái)我就給他打電話。他一回來(lái)我就給他打

19、電話。Father was cleaning the car Father was cleaning the car while I was playing I was playing computer games. computer games. 當(dāng)我正在玩電腦游戲時(shí)，爸爸在清洗汽車(chē)。當(dāng)我正在玩電腦游戲時(shí)，爸爸在清洗汽車(chē)。(2)(2)條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句由由if, unless if, unless 等詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句叫作條件狀語(yǔ)從句。等詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句叫作條件狀語(yǔ)從句。egeg：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go there by it doe

20、snt rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.bike.如果明天不下雨，我們就騎自行車(chē)去那里如果明天不下雨，我們就騎自行車(chē)去那里。10(3)(3)其他狀語(yǔ)從句及其引導(dǎo)詞其他狀語(yǔ)從句及其引導(dǎo)詞從句名稱從句名稱引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句where, wherever原因狀原因狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)從句because, as, since(既然既然)目的狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句so that(以便以便), in order that(為了，為了，目的是目的是)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though(雖然雖然), although(雖然雖然), even ifeven

21、 though(即使即使)比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句than, asas， not so/asas結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句that, so that, sothat, suchthat(如此如此以以至于至于)112.2.主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問(wèn)題主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問(wèn)題在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句和從句之間的在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句和從句之間的時(shí)態(tài)一致問(wèn)題一般分為下列兩種情況：時(shí)態(tài)一致問(wèn)題一般分為下列兩種情況：(1)(1)主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)：主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)： 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若主句是祈使句或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。eg

22、eg：Be careful when you cross the road. Be careful when you cross the road. 過(guò)馬路時(shí)要小心。過(guò)馬路時(shí)要小心。The traffic must stop when the lights The traffic must stop when the lights are/turn red. . 當(dāng)紅燈亮?xí)r，車(chē)輛必須停下來(lái)。當(dāng)紅燈亮?xí)r，車(chē)輛必須停下來(lái)。(2)(2)主將從現(xiàn)：主將從現(xiàn)： 主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，而從句用一般現(xiàn)在主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，而從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。時(shí)。egeg：I will visit my good friend w

23、hen I I will visit my good friend when I have time. time. 當(dāng)我有時(shí)間時(shí)，我將去看望我的好友。當(dāng)我有時(shí)間時(shí)，我將去看望我的好友。If she If she comes here tomorrow, I will go to the park here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. with her. 如果明天她來(lái)這里，我將和她一起去公園如果明天她來(lái)這里，我將和她一起去公園。12(3)(3)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。egeg：I dont know I do

24、nt know ifif( (是否是否)he will come. )he will come. IfIf( (如果如果)he )he comes, I will tell him about the accident. comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他我不知道他是否要來(lái)。如果他來(lái)，我將告訴他這起事故。是否要來(lái)。如果他來(lái)，我將告訴他這起事故。I dont know I dont know whenwhen( (什么時(shí)候什么時(shí)候)he will come tomorrow. )he will come tomorrow. WhenW

25、hen( (當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候的時(shí)候)he comes, I will tell him about the )he comes, I will tell him about the news. news. 我不知道他明天什么時(shí)候來(lái)。當(dāng)他來(lái)時(shí)，我將告訴他我不知道他明天什么時(shí)候來(lái)。當(dāng)他來(lái)時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。這個(gè)消息。(4)(4)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)：過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)： 若主從句都是在敘述過(guò)去的事情，則主從句若主從句都是在敘述過(guò)去的事情，則主從句可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。egeg：Mother was cooking Mother was cooking whenwhen I got h

26、ome yesterday. I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家時(shí)媽媽正在做飯。昨天我到家時(shí)媽媽正在做飯。133 3引導(dǎo)詞與連詞的使用引導(dǎo)詞與連詞的使用becausebecause與與soso不能同時(shí)用在一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句中；不能同時(shí)用在一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句中； 有類(lèi)似用法的還有有類(lèi)似用法的還有 although/though although/though與與butbut。egeg：Though/Although it was late, they kept working.Though/Although it was late, they kept working.盡管晚了，他們

27、仍在繼續(xù)工作。盡管晚了，他們?nèi)栽诶^續(xù)工作。14習(xí)題1.(20091.(2009綿陽(yáng)中考綿陽(yáng)中考) My uncle has been taught in this school ) My uncle has been taught in this school _ he was twenty years old._ he was twenty years old. A. since B. for C. until A. since B. for C. until 2. (20092. (2009河北中考河北中考) _ they may not succeed, they will try )

28、_ they may not succeed, they will try their besttheir best A. though B. When C. Because A. though B. When C. Because3.(20093.(2009河南中考河南中考) Its quite common in Britain to say ) Its quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers _people get off the bus. “Thank you” to the drivers _people g

29、et off the bus. A.after B. since C. when A.after B. since C. when4.(20084.(2008汕頭中考汕頭中考) Tim will call me as soon as he _ my package. ) Tim will call me as soon as he _ my package. A. receive B. will receive C. receives A. receive B. will receive C. receives 5.(20085.(2008恩施中考恩施中考) He was _ tired _

30、he fell asleep as soon ) He was _ tired _ he fell asleep as soon as he lay down. as he lay down. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that A. too; to B. so; that C. such; thatAACCB15考點(diǎn)三 定語(yǔ)從句 概念概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修 飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)

31、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who(whose, whom), which, that; who(whose, whom), which, that; 關(guān)系副詞有關(guān)系副詞有when, where, whywhen, where, why。1 1關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞的基本用法作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)作作賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)指人指人who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose指物指物which/thatwhich/thatwhose2.2.關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法that that 和和 which which都可以修飾表示物的先行詞。都可以修飾表示物的先行詞。(1)

32、(1)下列情況只能用下列情況只能用thatthat：先行詞為不定代詞先行詞為不定代詞 all, few, little, much, everything, nothing all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等時(shí)。等時(shí)。egeg：AllAll that you have to do is to practise every day. that you have to do is to practise every day. 你要做的就是每天練習(xí)。你要做的就是每天練習(xí)。 There isnt There isnt muchmuch that

33、I can do. that I can do. 我能做的不多。我能做的不多。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。egeg：The first The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我上的第一堂課。我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我上的第一堂課。 This is This is the best the best film that I have ever seen.film that

34、I have ever seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。這是我看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。先行詞被先行詞被 all, any, every, few, little, no, some all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。EgEg：I have read I have read allall the books that you gave me. the books that you gave me. 我已經(jīng)讀完了你給我的所有的書(shū)。我已經(jīng)讀完了你給我的所有的書(shū)。先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very,

35、 the last, the same the only, the very, the last, the same 等修飾時(shí)。等修飾時(shí)。egeg：The white flower is The white flower is the only the only one that I really like.one that I really like. 這朵白花是我真正喜歡的。這朵白花是我真正喜歡的。This is This is the very the very book that I want to read.book that I want to read. 這就是我要看的那本書(shū)。這

36、就是我要看的那本書(shū)。 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。egeg： We talked about We talked about the persons and things the persons and things that we could remember. that we could remember. 我們談?wù)摿宋覀兯苡浀玫娜撕褪隆Ｎ覀冋務(wù)摿宋覀兯苡浀玫娜撕褪隆?當(dāng)主句是以當(dāng)主句是以 who who 或或 which which 開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。egeg： Who Who is the man that is standing there?

37、is the man that is standing there? 站在那的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？站在那的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？WhichWhich of us that know something about physics doesnt know of us that know something about physics doesnt know thisthis？ 在我們懂點(diǎn)物理的人當(dāng)中有誰(shuí)不知道這個(gè)在我們懂點(diǎn)物理的人當(dāng)中有誰(shuí)不知道這個(gè)(2)(2)下列情況只能用下列情況只能用 which which：關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用“介詞介詞which”which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。的結(jié)構(gòu)。eg

38、:This is the book for eg:This is the book for which which you ask.you ask. 這是你要的書(shū)。這是你要的書(shū)。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能用引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能用whichwhich。eg:This novel, eg:This novel, whichwhich I have read three times, is very I have read three times, is very touching. touching. 這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍了。這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍了。3 3關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)

39、系副詞的用法(1)when(1)when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞。引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞。eg:I still remember the day eg:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I first came to Beijing. 我仍然記得來(lái)北京的第一天。我仍然記得來(lái)北京的第一天。(2)where (2)where 在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示地點(diǎn)。如：在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示地點(diǎn)。如：eg:This is the factoryeg:This is the factory where I worked two year