1、1、General terms 一般術語economist 經濟學家socialist economy 社會主義經濟capitalist economy 資本主義經濟collective economy 集體經濟planned economy 計劃經濟controlled economy 管制經濟rural economics 農村經濟liberal economy 自由經濟mixed economy 混合經濟political economy 政治經濟學protectionism 保護主義autarchy 閉關自守primary sector 初級成分private sector 私營成分,

2、私營部門public sector 公共部門,公共成分economic channels 經濟渠道economic balance 經濟平衡economic fluctuation 經濟波動economic depression 經濟衰退economic stability 經濟穩定economic policy 經濟政策economic recovery 經濟復原understanding 約定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特爾rate of growth 增長economic trend 經濟趨勢economic

3、situation 經濟形勢infrastructure 基本建設standard of living 生活標準,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 購買力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滯,蕭條,不景氣underdevelopment 不發達underdeveloped 不發達的developing 發展中的2、Capital 資本initial capital 創辦資本frozen capital 凍結資金frozen assets 凍結資產fixed assets 固定資產real estate 不動產,房地產circulating cap

4、ital, working capital 流動資本available capital 可用資產capital goods 資本貨物reserve 準備金,儲備金calling up of capital 催繳資本allocation of funds 資金分配contribution of funds 資金捐獻working capital fund 周轉基金revolving fund 循環基金,周轉性基金contingency fund 意外開支,準備金reserve fund 準備金buffer fund 緩沖基金,平準基金sinking fund 償債基金investment 投資,

5、資產investor 投資人self-financing 自籌經費,經費自給bank 銀行current account 經常帳戶 (美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帳戶 (美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票 (美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 無記名支票,來人支票crossed cheque 劃線支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)endorsem

6、ent 背書transfer 轉讓,轉帳,過戶money 貨幣issue 發行ready money 現錢cash 現金ready money business, no credit given 現金交易,概不賒欠change 零錢banknote, note 鈔票,紙幣 (美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付現金domestic currency, local currency 本國貨幣convertibility 可兌換性convertible currencies 可自由兌換貨幣exchange rate 匯率,兌換率foreign exchange 外匯floating

7、 exchange rate 浮動匯率free exchange rates 自由匯兌市場foreign exchange certificate 外匯兌換券hard currency 硬通貨speculation 投機saving 儲裝,存款depreciation 減價,貶值devaluation (貨幣)貶值revaluation 重估價runaway inflation 無法控制的通貨膨脹deflation 通貨緊縮capital flight 資本外逃securities business 證券市場stock exchange 股票市場stock exchange corporati

8、on 證券交易所stock exchange 證券交易所,股票交易所quotation 報價,牌價share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股東dividend 股息,紅利cash dividend 現金配股stock investment 股票投資investment trust 投資信托stock-jobber 股票經紀人stock company, stock brokerage firm 證券公司securities 有價證券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 優先股income gain 股利收入i

9、ssue 發行股票par value 股面價格, 票面價格bull 買手, 多頭bear 賣手, 空頭assigned 過戶opening price 開盤closing price 收盤hard times 低潮business recession 景氣衰退doldrums 景氣停滯dull 盤整ease 松弛raising limit 漲停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 債券Wall Street 華爾街3、Credit 信貸short term loan 短期貸款long term loan 長期貸款medium term loan 中期貸款lender 債權人cred

10、itor 債權人debtor 債務人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 貼現,折扣rediscount 再貼現annuity 年金maturity 到期日,償還日amortization 攤銷,攤還,分期償付redemption 償還insurance 保險mortgage 抵押allotment 撥款short term credit 短期信貸consolidated debt 合并債務funded debt 固定債務,長期債務floating debt 流動債務drawing 提款,提存a

11、id 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 補貼,補助金,津貼4、Production 生產output 產出,產量producer 生產者,制造者productive, producing 生產的products, goods 產品consumer goods 消費品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,產成品raw product 初級產品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副產品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供應,補給input 投入p

12、roductivity 生產率productiveness 贏利性overproduction 生產過剩5、Expenses 耗費cost 成本,費用expenditure, outgoings 開支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 營業間接成本overheads 雜項開支,間接成本operating costs 生產費用,營業成本operating expenses 營業費用running expenses 日常費用,經營費用miscellaneous costs 雜項費用overhead expenses 間接費用,管理費用upkeep costs, ma

13、intenance costs 維修費用,養護費用transport costs 運輸費用social charges 社會負擔費用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有費用apportionment of expenses 分攤費用6、Profit 利潤income 收入,收益earnings 利潤,收益gross income, gross earnings 總收入,總收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,總利潤,利益毛額net income 純收益,凈收入,收益凈額average income 平均收入national in

14、come 國民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利潤率,贏利率yield 產量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 稅duty 稅taxation system 稅制taxation 征稅,納稅fiscal charges 財務稅收progressive taxation 累進稅制graduated tax 累進稅value added tax 增值稅income tax 所得稅land tax 地租,地價稅excise tax 特許權稅basis of assessment 估稅標

15、準taxable income 須納稅的收入fiscality 檢查tax-free 免稅的tax exemption 免稅taxpayer 納稅人tax collector 收稅員8、Internal economic and trade orgnization 國際經濟與貿易組織China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中國國際貿易促進委員會National Council for US-China Trade 美中貿易全國理事會Japan-China Economic Association 日中

16、經濟協會Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本國際貿易促進會British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英國國際貿易促進委員會International Chamber of Commerce 國際商會International Union of Marine Insurance 國際海洋運輸保險協會International Alumina Association 國際鋁礬土協會Universal Postal Union, UPU 萬國郵

17、政聯盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 關稅合作理事會United Nations Trade and Development Board 聯合國貿易與發展理事會Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 經濟合作與開發組織European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 歐洲經濟共同體European Free Trade Association, EFTA 歐洲自由貿易聯盟European Free Trade Are

18、a, EFTA 歐洲自由貿易區Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 經濟互助委員會Eurogroup 歐洲集團Group of Ten 十國集團Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十國委員會Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎統籌委員會Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市場（加勒比自由貿易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty O

19、rganization, ATO 安第斯共同市場Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由貿易聯盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市場African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲與馬爾加什共同組織East African Common Market, EACM 東非共同市場Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非關稅經濟同盟West African Economic

20、Community, WAEC 西非經濟共同體Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油輸出國組織Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油輸出國組織Commonwealth Preference Area 英聯邦特惠區Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法國對外貿易中心People's Bank of China 中國人

21、民銀行Bank of China 中國銀行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 國際復興開發銀行World Bank 世界銀行International Development association, IDA 國際開發協會International Monetary Found Agreement 國際貨幣基金協定International Monetary Found, IMF 國際貨幣基金組織European Economic and Monetary Union 歐洲經濟與貨幣同盟European Mon

22、etary Cooperation Fund 歐洲貨幣合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 國際結算銀行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲開發銀行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美國進出口銀行National city Bank of New York 花旗銀行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美豐銀行American Express Co. Inc. 美國萬國寶通銀行The Chase Bank 大通銀行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美開發銀行European Investment Bank, EIB 歐洲投資銀行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米蘭銀行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士聯合銀行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦銀行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 東京銀行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港匯豐銀行International Finance Corporation, IFC 國際金融公司La Communaute Financieve