1、第六講情態動詞和虛擬語氣,學生用書P276)一、情態動詞的基本用法情態動詞用法例句must(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。You mustnt park here！Its an emergency exit. (2)表必要性，意為“必須”。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now？I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.(3)表示偏執，固執，意為“非得，偏要”。If you must go，at least wait until the sto

2、rm is over.can和could(1)表示“能力”。No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. Oh，you are really his big fan.(2)表示驚訝，常用在否定句和疑問句中。How could you do such a silly thing？(3)表示禮貌地請求別人做某事，意為“能，可以”。This dish is really delicious.Could you please say it in Chinese？Sure，we call it“doufu”(4)cannot.to

3、o/enough表示“無論也不過分”；“越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.shall(1)用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向對方請示。Shall I go out for a walk after supper？(2)用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。Will you read me a story，Mummy？OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.may和might(1)may和might表示“許可”、“

4、可能性”、“祝愿”等意義。May I take this book out of the reading room？No，you mustnt.You must read it in here.(2)“may as well動詞原形”意為“最好，倒不如”。If you think the price of beef is too high，you may as well buy some pork.It depends on you.will和would(1)表示意志、意愿和決心。Why didnt you come to Simons party last night？I wanted to

5、，but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen.(2)will可以表示一種習慣的動作，有“總是”或“總要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.(3)would可以表示過去的習慣動作，比used to正式，但沒有“現已無此習慣”的含義。When we worked in the same firm several yea

6、rs ago，we would often go to the cinema together.二、情態動詞表推測情態動詞用法例句mustmust表示推測時只能用于肯定句中，意為“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的語氣(在疑問句中或否定句中要用can/could)。Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here. Oh，sorry.can(1)can用于肯定句中表示客觀的可能性，意為“有時會”； (2)用于疑問句中可以表示推測，意為“可能”，有時表示一種驚訝的語氣；(3)用于否定句中也可以表示推測，cant意為“不可能”，語氣很強

7、烈。It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes. Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting？(2013·高考安徽卷)It couldnt be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.may/might(1)may

8、/might用于肯定句中可以用來表示不十分肯定的推測，意為“有可能”； (2)用于否定句中也可以表示推測，may not意為“可能不”，表示一種不太確定的語氣。(2013·高考北京卷)You neednttake an umbrella.It isnt going to rain.Well，I dont know.It might do.shouldshould用來表示推測時意為“應該”，即含有“按道理來說應當如此”的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have pract

9、iced a lot in the driving school.三、情態動詞have done情態動詞have done用法例句must have done表示對過去已經發生的行為進行推測，意為“一定做了某事”。Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He must have drunk too much at the party last night.may/might have done表示對過去已發生行為的推測，意為“也許/或許已經(沒有)”。一般用于肯定句或否定句中。Sorry，Im late.I might have turned off the alarm

10、clock and gone back to sleep again.can.havedone/cannot have done表示對過去發生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問句中。(can換成could時語氣較委婉)I cant find him anywhere.Where can he have gone？The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have done本來能夠而沒有做(2014·高考福建卷)He cou

11、ld have gone on regretting it, as too many of us do.might have done表示本來可能，但實際上沒有發生的事情。You should not swim in that sea.You might have been eaten by a shark.should/ought to have done(1)用于肯定句時，表示本該做某事而實際上未做；(2)用于否定句時，則表示不該做的事反而做了。You shouldnt have done it so carelessly. You ought to have returned the b

12、ook earlier.You ought not to have refused his offer.neednt have done表示做了本來不必去做的事，“沒必要做而做了”。 溫馨提醒didnt need to do表示“沒必要做而實際上也沒有做某事”。You neednt have brought the book because Tom has one here. I didnt need to buy the dictionary.I had a copy at home.一、if條件從句中的虛擬語氣類別用法例句if引導的條件從句與現在事實相反從句謂語動詞：過去式(be用were

13、) 主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/might動詞原形Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.與過去事實相反從句謂語動詞：had過去分詞主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.與將來事實相反從句謂語動詞：過去式/were不定式/should動詞原形主句謂語動詞：should/w

14、ould/could/might動詞原形Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. if引導的條件從句的倒裝如果在表示虛擬語氣的條件句中含有were，had或should，可將if省略，然后將were，had或should移至主語之前。Had we made a great effort we might have succeeded.(If we had made a

15、great effort.)混合條件句的虛擬語氣有時條件句的動作與主句動作發生的時間不一致，這時動詞的形式應根據它們表示的時間加以調整。(2013·高考天津卷)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before，he would be able to speak it much better now.二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應用類別用法例句賓語從句demand，suggest，order，insist后接的從句中動詞為“(should)動詞原形”。Teachers recommend parents not a

16、llow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.wish后的從句中的謂語可用一般過去時、過去完成時和should/would動詞原形，它們分別表示與現在、過去和將來情況相反。How much of the foreign experts speech have you understood？Next to nothing.I wish I had worked harder at English.主語從句在“It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/demande

17、d/ordered/requestedthat從句”中，從句中的謂語動詞用should動詞原形。It is strange that such a person should be our friend. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.表語從句和同位語從句在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構成是“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。My idea is that w

18、e (should) think it over before accepting it. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for a visit.(2013·高考浙江卷)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam be at the age of six months old.眼科醫生建議孩子第一次視力檢查應該在六個月大的時候進行。(2013·高考陜西卷)My mom suggests that we should eat

19、out for a change this weekend.我媽媽建議這個周末出去吃飯，換換口味。三、其他句型中的虛擬語氣類別用法例句Its time that.It is (high) time(that).句型中謂語動詞用一般過去時或should動詞原形。Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.would ratherwould rather所接的從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時(對現在虛擬)或者過去完成時(對過去虛擬)。I would rathe

20、r you stayed at home now.if onlyif only后面的謂語動詞常用一般過去時(對現在虛擬)、過去完成時(對過去虛擬)與過去將來時(對將來虛擬)，表示強烈的愿望。If only our dream had come true！as ifas if引導的狀語從句中動詞可以用過去時或過去完成時表示虛擬。Dont handle the vase as if it were made of steel.四、含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣有時假設的情況并不以條件從句表示，而是由otherwise，but，or，without，but for等來引導。I would have come

21、sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.我本該早一些到，但我不知道他們在等我。(2015·杭州五校聯考)But for your timely warning，we would have got into great trouble.要不是你及時警告，我們也許已經陷入麻煩中了。Well，you know we re friends.好了，你知道我們是朋友啊。,學生用書P274).從下面方框中選擇恰當的情態動詞填空can；could；may；might；must；shall；should；will；would；need

22、1(2014·高考湖南卷) Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we _(not) bring anything with us?答案：neednt2(2014·高考大綱全國卷)Although you _ find bargains in London，its not generally a cheap place to shop.答案：can3(2014·高考重慶卷)Ive ordered some pizza，so we _ (not) worry about cooking w

23、hen we get home tired.答案：neednt4(2013·高考江西卷)When I was a child，I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.答案：could5(2013·高考湖南卷)He _(not) sleep，although he tried to，when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.答案：couldnt6We cant imagine that two children _ be killed by the washing m

24、achine of their house!答案：should7They _(not) have arrived already.How can you be so sure? Its only a few minutes ride.答案：cant8Has your friend passed the test?Sorry，Im not sure.He _ have.I havent heard from him for two weeks.答案：might9The deadline is drawing，but I failed to challenge the task a third t

25、ime._ my brother have a try?答案：Shall10Jack，look! Everybody is doing homework quietly._ you make a noise in class?答案：Must11Who _ it be that left the door unlocked?It might be Mike.He is always forgetting things.答案：could12When you arrive at the front door，you wont need a key because the door _ open wi

26、th a touch of your finger.答案：will13School is over.How can we contact Robert?Try phoning him.He _ be home by now.He lives only a stones throw from the school.答案：should14. Has Peter started out？He said he would go hiking with us.He _ have started.He is a man of his word.答案：must15When I was little and

27、something awful was happening，my mum _ tell me to close my eyes.答案：would16Jack is thirty minutes late.What _ have happened to him?Im not sure.He may have missed the bus.答案：can17Miss Smith _ be working now，for the lights in her office are still on.答案：must18Kate，where is Jim these days?He asked for a

28、sick leave the other day.He _ stay in hospital.答案：might19I know youre busy，but _ this be an excuse for not going back home to see your parents?答案：can20The taxi driver is to blame for the serious accident.I cant agree more.He _(not)have drunk.答案：shouldnt.用所給動詞的虛擬語氣形式填空1(2014·高考湖南卷)If Mr.Dewey _(

29、be) present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.答案：had been2(2014·高考福建卷)_(be)there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.答案：Were3(2014·高考浙江卷)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out t

30、he investigation，or they _(come) to our help.答案：would have come4(2014·高考陜西卷)We would rather our daughter _(stay) at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.答案：stayed5(2014·高考安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they _(throw) away in the past.答案：would have

31、thrown6(2013·高考安徽卷)I _(go)to my cousins birthday party last night，but I was not available.答案：would have gone7With all his money，he _(worry) about a little thing like 5 cents!答案：should worry8He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball；otherwise he _(score) a goal.答案：would have scored9(2013

32、·高考福建卷)Do you think George has passed the driving test?No.If so，he _(drive) his car to our college yesterday.答案：would have driven10_(be)it to rain tomorrow，our picnic would be canceled.答案：Were11If he had spent more time learning maths before，he _(be) able to make better grades now.答案：would be12

33、I would rather _(go) to work after my graduation，but my father would rather I _(go) abroad for further education.答案：go；went13The upset mother thought to herself，“If only I _(know) whats going on in my little boys head right now.”答案：knew14What a pity！The bus has just left.Oh，if only I _(come) to the

34、stop five minutes earlier.答案：had come15It is required that the new employees_(provide) safety training before they start to work.答案：(should) be provided16The thief pretended as if he _(know) nothing about the theft.答案：had known17The voluntary service saved you a sum of money that you otherwise _(spe

35、nd) on the agency responsible for finding your pets.答案：would have spent18Our teachers often suggest we _(take) it easy when facing any difficulty.答案：(should) take19How sad when I heard about it！If he _(face) life with the courage in the past，he would be a good kid now.答案：had faced20I know you insist

36、ed that something _(do)，because you said so firmly and refused to give in.答案：(should) be done.語篇填空用適當的情態動詞完成下列短文。Miss Fang 1._(not) read for very long with getting a headache.Her mother told her that she 2._ go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You 3._ see a doctor as soon as possible，” she sa

37、id.“You 4._ need glasses.”When Miss Fang had free time，she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5._ see her at 3：30 pm.Miss Fang replied that she 6._ not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor 7._take you at about ten to four，” the appoi

38、ntment clerk suggested.“8._ I put you down for ten to four，or 9._ you rather come tomorrow？”Miss Fang thought she 10._(not) waste any more time.The teacher 11._ be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early，as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied，“I think I 12

39、._ make it at ten to four.”Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“13._ I leave at 3：35 today? I 14._ have an eye examination.” As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you 15._”答案：1.couldnt2.should3.should4.might5.could6would7.might8.Shall9.would10.shouldnt11.shouldnt12.can13.May/Can14.must15.can.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。Have you ever been outside in a windstorm? You try to walk forward，but the wind is 1._(extreme) strong.Youre pushed to the side by the wind.In fact，youre nearly blown away by its 2._(powerful)Many objects can be blown away by the