1、閱讀理解閱讀理解-詞義推斷題 肖井洋If you come across new words when reading, What will you do ?Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning 猜測詞義猜測詞義 讀懂文章讀懂文章猜測詞義：猜測詞義： 單詞的猜測能力是閱讀理解單詞的猜測能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，歷年高考都把這一能力的主要組成部分，歷年高考都把這一項作為考生應該掌握的一項閱讀技能列入項作為考生應該掌握的一項閱讀技能列入試題，考查對文中關鍵詞語（實詞、短

2、語、試題，考查對文中關鍵詞語（實詞、短語、指代關系等）的理解。而且，所考查的詞指代關系等）的理解。而且，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上。但事或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上。但事實上，實上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落有著互相制約的關系。語或句子甚至段落有著互相制約的關系。我們可以利用語境（各種已知信息）推測、我們可以利用語境（各種已知信息）推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義判斷某些生詞的詞義。 ： 1. The word “” 1. The word “” refers torefers to / probably / probably mean

3、s / could best means / could best be replaced bybe replaced by _. _. 2.The word “” 2.The word “” is most likely tois most likely to mean mean _. _. 3. What do you think the expression “” 3. What do you think the expression “” stands forstands for? ? 4. The 4. The underlinedunderlined word “” means _

4、. word “” means _. 5. The word “” is 5. The word “” is closest in meaningclosest in meaning to to 構詞法構詞法Word formationsuper- ( ) mini- ( )micro-（ ） re- （ ） mis-（ ） im-（ ） un-（ ） in-（ ）non-（ ） -able（ ） 超超極微小的極微小的誤，惡誤，惡不，非不，非不，非不，非極小的極小的, 微小的微小的再，反復再，反復不不不，非不，非能能的的Word Formation 構詞法構詞法： His uncle is a

5、 , an expert who does research on animals.The , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 動物學家動物學家 牧羊人牧羊人1、定義描述、定義描述小結：通常由定語從句定語從句或同位語同位語引出詞的具體含義2.同義詞同義詞 Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. In some countries where the

6、re is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields. All the other members are of the same opinion. They are unanimous. 圓胖的圓胖的灌溉灌溉一致同意的一致同意的反義詞反義詞 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains . Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other act

7、ions are innate. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil .污穢的污穢的 天生的天生的混亂混亂 由由and或或or， like ,as as, the same as等連接的兩個詞構成同義等連接的兩個詞構成同義關系；關系；表轉折關系的詞常有如表轉折關系的詞常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherw

8、ise, though ，in contrast, on the contrary等。等。小小 結結3、因果關系、因果關系 One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. The river is so that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opin

9、ions of others. 貧窮的貧窮的混濁的混濁的獨斷專行的獨斷專行的 常用關聯詞常用關聯詞( (如如becausebecause，asas，sincesince，forfor，soso，thusthus，as a resultas a result， thereforetherefore等等) )表示前因后果。表示前因后果。小小 結結4、舉例歸納法、舉例歸納法 Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise , such

10、 as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽裝置裝置 常用常用such as, like， for example, for instance等引出例等引出例子，可根據例子隸屬的類別歸納子，可根據例子隸屬的類別歸納出總稱詞即詞義出總稱詞即詞義 。小小 結結When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.In the strong wind,

11、the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever. 波紋波紋,漣漪漣漪 顫抖顫抖癥狀癥狀 5、生活經驗、生活經驗, 生活常識生活常識, 邏輯推理邏輯推理 小小 結結根據自身的直接或間接的經驗，或運用自根據自身的直接或間接的經驗，或運用自己已有的常識將生詞推測出來。己已有的常識將生詞推測出來。 因此平時因此平時多了解英美國家的風俗習慣，宗教信仰，多了解英美國家的風俗習慣，宗教信仰，社會生活等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，社會生活等，可以

12、幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞，猜測詞義的能力自然就提高了。遇到生詞，猜測詞義的能力自然就提高了。6. 6. 根據生詞所在的上下文猜測詞義根據生詞所在的上下文猜測詞義例題：例題：Tom cant find Tom cant find his his sneakers.sneakers. C. shoesC. shoesTom cant find his Tom cant find his white white sneakerssneakersTom cant play tennis now because Tom cant play tennis now because he he cant

13、 find his white cant find his white sneakerssneakers. .A. moneyA. moneyB. bowlsB. bowls(2006(2006年安徽卷年安徽卷)精品解析精品解析英語英語Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.By describin

14、g lions as “opportunist” in the paragraph, the author means to say that lions_. A. are cruel animals B. are clever animals C. like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat 小小 結結所謂所謂“詞不離句，句不離章詞不離句，句不離章“講的就是講的就是對對于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情景景。所以在猜測生詞詞義或句意時，。所以在猜測

15、生詞詞義或句意時， 一一定要認真讀懂與生詞密切相關的前后句子，定要認真讀懂與生詞密切相關的前后句子， 對詞或句子進行合情合理的推測，排除膚對詞或句子進行合情合理的推測，排除膚淺的表義，選擇蘊含在其中的深意。淺的表義，選擇蘊含在其中的深意。小試身手4. Although the hazards of the trip were many - for example, the unbearable heat, the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous

16、snakes - Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A) pleasures B) conveniences C) dangers D) equipment 5. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.”2010年高考大綱中關于閱讀理解的要求年高考大綱中關于閱讀理解的要求 要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關日常生活話題的簡要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關于一般性話題的簡短文章。