1、a1比較等級與比較結構比較等級與比較結構Comparison and Comparative Constructiona2講解提綱講解提綱 形容詞與副詞的比較等級形容詞與副詞的比較等級 比較結構的三大類型比較結構的三大類型asasmorethanthe most 比較結構的其它形式比較結構的其它形式a3形容詞與副詞的比較等級形容詞與副詞的比較等級l三個等級：三個等級：原級原級 Positive/Absolute Degree比較級比較級 Comparative Degree最高級最高級 Superlative Degreel比較級和最高級的形式比較級和最高級的形式規則規則不規則不規則a4規則形

2、式規則形式 綜合形式綜合形式Synthetic Form加后綴加后綴-er；-est 分析形式分析形式Analytic Form在原級前加在原級前加more；mosta5構成法構成法原級原級比較級比較級最高級最高級一般單音節詞一般單音節詞tallfasttallerfastertallestfastest結尾為輔音閉結尾為輔音閉音節單音節詞音節單音節詞bigbiggerbiggest雙音節雙音節clevercleverermore clevercleverestmost clever結尾為輔音字結尾為輔音字母母+y+y的雙音節的雙音節詞詞easyeasiereasiest多音節詞多音節詞imp

3、ortantmore importantmost important規則形式規則形式a6不規則形式不規則形式原級原級比較級比較級最高級最高級goodbetterbestwellbadworseworstilloldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many moremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthesta7沒有比較等級的詞語沒有比較等級的詞語 right, wrong, excellent, perfect, final, whole, ultimate, entire, fatal, spontan

4、eous, univeral, extreme, etc.a8比較結構比較結構 類型類型asasmorethanthe mosta9asas 基本形式基本形式as + adj/adv原級原級+ as 分句分句 否定形式否定形式not so/as + adj/adv原級原級+ as分句分句lessthanExamples:Examples:John is as bright as Bob.John is not as/so bright as Bob.John is less bright than Bob.a10asas變體形式變體形式 as much / many + 名詞名詞 + as 分

5、句分句e.g. He took as much butter as he needed. She has written as many essays as her brother. as+ adj. 原級原級+名詞詞組名詞詞組 + as分句分句e.g. George is as efficient a worker as Jack. = George is a worker (who is) as efficient as Jack.a11 基本用法基本用法主語不同，比較項目相同主語不同，比較項目相同(不同事物的同一方不同事物的同一方面面)e.g. The girl was as brill

6、iant as her sister. John doesnt behave as / so politely as Bob.主語相同，比較項目不同（同一事物的兩個方主語相同，比較項目不同（同一事物的兩個方面）面）e.g. The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful. He is not so wise as he is witty.主語不同，比較項目也不同（不同事物的不同主語不同，比較項目也不同（不同事物的不同方面）方面）e.g. This swimming pool isnt twice as wide as that one is lon

7、g. His uncle was as base and unworthy as his father had been upright and honorable.a12a13a14morethan 基本形式基本形式adj/ adv比較級比較級 + than分句分句 否定形式否定形式lessthannot so/as + adj/adv原級原級+ as分句分句John is brighter than Bob.This car runs less fast than that one.(This car runs slower than that one.)This car doesnt r

8、un so/as fast as that one.a15 比較級前可加數詞表示確切的度量比較級前可加數詞表示確切的度量e.g. He is two inches taller than his father. He came twenty minutes earlier than the others.a16 不定冠詞不定冠詞/零冠詞零冠詞+形容詞比較級形容詞比較級+ n. + than分句分句e.g. John is a more efficient worker than Jack.= John is a worker more efficient than Jack.= John is

9、 more efficient a worker than Jack. My brother has a larger house than mine.= My brothers house is larger than mine.a17the+adj/adv比較級比較級+ of詞組詞組 e.g. John is the brighter of the two boys. The black one is the better of the two pens.n只適用于兩者比較只適用于兩者比較morethan變體形式變體形式a18more/less of a +可數名詞單數可數名詞單數+ th

10、an 分句分句e.g. He is more/less of a sportsman than his brother.= He is more/less sportsmanlike than his brother. He was more of a fool than I thought he was. He was as much of a fool as I thought he was. He was too much of a fool.a19 基本用法基本用法 比較兩個事物的同一方面比較兩個事物的同一方面e.g. This task is much more difficult

11、than last one. 比較同一事物的兩個方面比較同一事物的兩個方面( (“與其與其不如不如”) )(與其說與其說John腦子靈活，不如說他膽子大腦子靈活，不如說他膽子大)e.g. John is more daring than quick-witted. The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.( (當前的危機與其說是經濟危機，不如說是政治當前的危機與其說是經濟危機，不如說是政治危機危機) )用用lesslessthanthan表示相反的含義表示相反的含義a20the most+比較范圍比

12、較范圍 適用于三個或三個以上事物進行比較適用于三個或三個以上事物進行比較 John is the brightest of the three boys. 比較范圍（比較范圍（431）：）：可以為介詞詞組可以為介詞詞組也可為關系分句或非限定分句也可為關系分句或非限定分句 Its the worst thing I ve ever known.= It cant be worse. George did the most work this morning.= George did more work this morning than anyone else.a21 有些最高級結構并不是與其它

13、事物相比有些最高級結構并不是與其它事物相比e.g. Please accept my deepest gratitude. I shall do it with the greatest pleasure.a22最高級最高級the most 的反義的反義 可用可用the least 或原句形容詞或副詞的反義詞的最高級或原句形容詞或副詞的反義詞的最高級e.g. This is the least difficult book Ive ever read.= This is the easiest book Ive ever read. He behaved the least politely

14、of the three.= He behaved the most rudely of the three.a23比較結構的其它形式比較結構的其它形式（1） A is to B what C is to D A對于對于B就像就像C對于對于D一樣一樣e.g. You are to me what water is to life. Food is to men what oil is to machine. a24（2） not soas not so muchas （lessthan）e.g. London isnt so large as Tokyo. = is smaller than

15、It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.= I liked his appearance less than I liked his personality. = I liked his personality more than I liked his appearance.a25 Not so much .as 與其不如（否定前者，肯定后者） 與其說成功在于運氣，不如說在于辛勤勞動 與其說他是個學者，不如說他是個書呆子。 Success lies not so much in luck as in hard wo

16、rk. He is not so much a scholar as a pedant a26（3）e.g. John is not better than Tom. John is no better than Tom. Tom is better than John. John is as bad as Tom. not more than 不多于不多于 no more than 只是，僅僅只是，僅僅no richer than = as poor asno bigger than = as small asa27 no more than 與與一樣一樣(不不)；既不；既不也不也不 (=

17、not any more than) more than 不只是不只是e.g. A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. I would no more call you than I would write to you.= I would not call you, just as I would not write to you.a28a29a30a31a32II. Learning Pointsa33II. Learning Pointsa34a35a36II. Learning Pointsa37II. Learning Pointsa38

18、II. Learning Pointsa39 no less than = as much as “竟有竟有之多，多達之多，多達”強調多強調多 no less than 前后均為肯定，前后均為肯定， “不亞于，不亞于， 和和 一一樣樣” 、“正如、正是正如、正是” not less than 意為意為“不少于，至少不少于，至少”，客觀地描述，客觀地描述 His son has read no less than 50 English books. 他的兒子竟然讀了他的兒子竟然讀了50本英文書。（強調多）本英文書。（強調多） His son has read not less than 50 E

19、nglish books. 他的兒子讀了不少于他的兒子讀了不少于50本英文書。（不強調多或少）本英文書。（不強調多或少） The middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister. 這位中年人正是新來的部長。這位中年人正是新來的部長。 Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be. 她的歌聲和以前一樣甜美。她的歌聲和以前一樣甜美。a40（4） the more the more 越越越越 more and more 越來越越來越e.g. The sooner you start, the more quickly youll finish.The more money he gets, the less happy he has.The p