1、writingJOANNA1.1. 寫作概述寫作概述2.2. 實際樣例參考運用（模考分析實際樣例參考運用（模考分析+ +下發(fā)資料）下發(fā)資料）3.3. 寫作語法黃金結構寫作語法黃金結構4.4. 高分策略之詞匯替換高分策略之詞匯替換5.5. 高分策略之句型多樣化高分策略之句型多樣化6.6. 評分標準及建議評分標準及建議概述概述 寫寫聽聽讀讀譯譯30 mins 15%30 mins 35%40 mins 35%30 mins 15%大學英語四級試卷的結構你知道四級的答題順序嗎?作文段落翻譯聽力長篇閱讀仔細閱讀在答題紙1上作答, 完成后交答題紙1.剩下題目在答卡2上作答.選詞填空全國大學英語四級考試答

2、題卡1全國大學英語四級考試答題卡21. 審題（1-2mins)2. 構思提綱 (3-5mins，確定主題)3. 寫文章 (20mins)4. 修改檢查 (5mins)寫作概述 Stepsupre-writing :仔細閱讀題干，確定寫作主題uPara.1: describe the picture 簡要描述漫畫（who, what, when, where ） 開門見山uTIPS: 1.寫作的directions 部分雖然給出了大致的主題，但是也要求考生對漫畫進行描述，切忌拋開漫畫內容直接議論！（模考作文問題一） TIPS: 2. 漫畫的內容一定要符合圖片， 切忌無中生有！（模考作文問題二）

3、The boy thought deeply The boy feel ashemed and says nothing. The boy stops playing and learning a lot. The boy is making a plan and the grandpa is encouraing him para2：全文的核心段 give your opinion about the phenomenon conveyed in the picture and interpret its meaning/message 揭示主題（觀點）并加以解釋和說明論證;揭示現(xiàn)象(問題)

4、并闡述現(xiàn)象（問題）產(chǎn)生的原因。TIPS：可以從2-3個方面進行闡述，也可以將這部分分為兩段。Para3.：give your conclusion. (a) 提出建議，重申觀點 主題句 (b) 對如何解決漫畫中所反映的問題提出合理建議或總結觀點。TIPS：主題句的復述不是簡單地重復，通常需符合1.1. 如果在段末，用強調詞轉換方式連接。2.2. 與主題句保持意思一致，更進一層。3.3. 轉換方式：詞對應，同根，逆向EXAMPLES 主題句：you should confirm every appointment when you do business in US. 主題句復述：In busi

5、ness circle in US, businessman usually makes sure every appointment. 2. 主題句：To perceive is more important than to judge. 主題句復述句：It is of great importance to perceive to judge. OR To perceive is no less important than to judge.實例運用實例運用+模考分析模考分析 模考一一、語法問題 1. 時態(tài)，人稱，單復數(shù)的混用，不統(tǒng)一。 eg: 1.The boy play comput

6、er games and his grandpa watch him. 2. Play computer is a usual activity for university students. 3. Life plan must has a destination 4. If someone dont have a life plan. 2. 詞性的使用錯誤 eg: 1. if you have a plan, you should work hardly. 2. so she is succeed at last/ a young people cant be success 3. we

7、should face difficult bravely 4. we have many chooses3. There be 句型使用錯誤eg: 1. There are many young people waste time to do some boring things. 2. There have a problem in the future if we dont have life plan.4. 被動語態(tài)的使用錯誤eg: 1. as shows in the picture,the boy is. 2. everyone has a life plan, maybe not

8、 write. 3. The first Confucius Institute build in 2004 4. confucius institutes set to spread chinese culture. 4. run-on sentences 串句無法理解的句子EG: 1. There are many this phenomenons 2. if everything is a lie, we arent need a life plan. 3. Other people making a life plan from sth. 4. As a young people, w

9、e should have. 二、佳句欣賞 1. Therefore, we are supposed to make a life plan from now on to make our life more meangingful and colorful (章笑盈) 2. As far as I am concerned, making a life plan is very important for young people. (李程鵬) 3. It is obvious that the drawer of the picture wants to draw our attenti

10、on towards that we should make a life plan from an early age. Making a life plan should be attached great significance to by ourselves. (趙建宏) 4. Only you make a life plan and devote yourself into it, can you have no regret when you are old. (卞涵) 5. We are easy to bocome confused with our life. Make

11、the life plan right now and focus on the things you want to do because time doesnt wait for anyone. (錢林豪)三、看圖作文的解題思路應用 1.審題（認真閱讀寫作提示）： 漫畫信息 “focus on the topic about making a life plan and explain why it is important for young people to do”確定寫作主題：年輕人應該做好人生規(guī)劃以及人生規(guī)劃的重要性的原因2. 作文提綱 （結構） 第一段：簡要描寫圖畫內容（who

12、, what, when, where）: 爺爺教導孫子：如果年老的時候寫自傳，你會看到自己去過哪里，（where you have been）如果年輕時候寫，你就會知道你將去哪里(will see where you are going)。 The picture depicts a young man sitting in front of a computer and typing something with his grandfather standing behind. The caption below says, “When you write your autobiograp

13、hy in old age, youll see where you have been, but when you write your autobiography at a young age, youll see where youre going.” It reveals profoundly that young people should shape their own future and make their own life plans, which is cosistent with what I advocate第二段：解釋圖畫深刻含義 （揭示主題）并加以解釋和說明論證。

14、Firstly, planning your life helps you set up specific life goals and follow through on your goals. When you have specific goals, youre more likely to be self-motivated. Secondly, life planning helps you have a full understanding of your life deficiencies and make prompt adjustments. If you fail some

15、 of your life goals, you can re-examine your life plan and decide whether to make more efforts to fulfill those goals or change some of your goals. Last but not least, you can meet many new opportunities after some of your life plans come true, because success breeds more success and opportunities b

16、ring in more opportunities. 第三段：給出自己的看法（總結全文，強調正確的做法）。 To sum up, it is quite essential for young people especially the university students to make life plan early so as to face the challegings confidently after graduations. What we should do is to take actions immediately ,including choosing core c

17、oures and interest-based minor courses and figuring out exact schedules for study or future career. Only in this way, can our university time is rewarding in the long run. 實際樣例參考運用 （見資料） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a

18、brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.四級寫作新題型-看圖作文2013.06 真題看圖作文的解題思路應用 1.審題（認真閱讀寫作提示）： 漫畫信息 “express your views on the importance of doing

19、small things before undertaking something big”確定寫作主題：做任何大事前都應該從小事做起 （一屋不掃，何以掃天下。）2. 作文提綱 （結構） 第一段：簡要描寫圖畫內容（who, what, when, where）: 父子之間的對話，兒子關注核廢料處理（disposal of nuclear wastes）,父親認為要從小事做起（empty the dustbin first）；Doing Big Things Starts from Doing Small Ones SAMPLE 1 As is vividly revealed in the p

20、icture above, the boy expresses his worries about the disposal of nuclear wastes, while the father tells him to empty the dustbin in the room first. The picture reminds us of an old Chinese sayingIf you dont like to do trivial things like cleaning your room, its impossible for you to undertake any i

21、mportant task. SAMPLE 2 We can see from the cartoon that there is a father talking with his son. Having heard his sons words that “ Dad, I am a bit worried about disposing of nuclear weapon.” The father replies that “ If you can empty the dustbin here, you can do anything” and points the garbage can

22、 beside him. Funny and common as the conversation sounds, it reflects that the father intends to advise his son to do small things before undertaking big. 作文提綱 （結構） 第二段：解釋圖畫深刻含義 （揭示主題）并加以解釋和說明論證。 努力做好小事可以培養(yǎng)做大事所需要的優(yōu)良品質（develop good qualities needed undertaking important tasks）; Undoubtedly, the symbo

23、lic meaning subtly conveyed in the picture should be that it is vital and necessary to deal with trivial things. Doing small things well may help us develop the good qualities needed in undertaking important tasks, which lays a solid foundation for our future development. Small things would often ma

24、ke the difference between success and failure. We surely know that the want of a horse shoe nail may cause a kingdom to be lost. Therefore, when it comes to the key to success, the most important thing lies in doing every trivial thing well. Definitely, doing small things is the first step of succes

25、s and will lay root for doing something big. By doing something small, we are able to accumulate experience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other words, we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast, those who desire to

26、 do something big at once will constantly be haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failures, as with opportunities-“something big”- showing up , they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence which stems from doing small things. 作文提綱 （結構） 第三段：給出自己的看法（總結全文，強調正確的

27、做法）。 實現(xiàn)做大事的目標，不僅需要有雄心壯志（the great ambition）, 還需要有從小事踏踏實實做起的實踐精神（the practical spirit）. Sample 1：In one word, to achieve goals needs not merely the great ambition, but the practical spirit of dealing with trivial things. Only in this way can we make the highest eminence. Sample 2： In conclusion, unde

28、r no circumstances should we undervalue the power of doing small things. Instead, we should regard small things as the source of experience, skills and the prerequisite of success. “Great achievement only belongs to those who can do small things perfectly.” Aristotle also used to say. Directions: Fo

29、r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of taking precautions. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PRACTICE 1看圖作文的解題思路應用 1.審題（認真閱讀寫作提示）

30、： 漫畫 “express your views on the importance of taking precautions”確定寫作主題：To take some measures before something had happened.(未雨綢繆) 2. 作文提綱 （結構） The picture focuses on a person who is standing in front of the sea, watching the tide rising. Above the picture, there is a thought-provoking sentence whic

31、h tells us that we should take some measures before something had happened.v第一段：簡要描寫圖畫內容（who, what, when, where），并揭示圖畫深刻含義（揭示主題）。 第二段：針對圖畫所表達的觀點（主題）進行舉例論證 Life is not always full of happiness and fortune. Therefore, we are supposed to be aware of the potential risk and danger. For example, when the

32、economic downturn is around the corner, an employee with version should analyze the current situation and either learn more to stabilize his position in his company or get ready to find a new job. It would be late should he be laid off with no other job opportunities available. Writing Techniques: A

33、 General Point Supported by Examples Life is not always full of happiness and fortune. Therefore, we are supposed to be aware of the potential risk and danger. For example, when the economic downturn is around the corner, an employee with version should analyze the current situation and either learn

34、 more to stabilize his position in his company or get ready to find a new job. It would be late should he be laid off with no other job opportunities available. 第三段：總結全文。 All in all, it is advisable for anyone to make precautionary preparations for the unexpected difficulties or disasters in life in

35、 advance. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of angle when people observing something. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

36、 words.PRACTICE 2看圖作文的解題思路應用 1.審題（認真閱讀寫作提示）： 漫畫信息 “express your views on the importance of angle when people observing something”確定寫作主題：應該從不同角度來觀察事物。2. 作文提綱 （結構） The picture shows us that in the eyes of the man near the apple, the apple is of good quality, while to the man who is far from the apple,

37、 the apple is of bad quality with a worm in the flesh. It is the angles rather than the distance that differentiate the witness of the apples quality. The picture reminds us of a philosophical viewObserving the same from different angles is a must.v第一段：簡要描寫圖畫內容（who, what, when, where），并揭示圖畫深刻含義（揭示主題

38、）。 第二段：進行解釋和說明論證。 It is important and very necessary to observe or evaluate a thing from different angles. For example, sometimes when you think you are unhappy, to others it may be that you are surrounded by happiness. Therefore, different conclusions would be arrived at when we view a thing from d

39、ifferent angles. 第三段：給出自己的看法（總結全文）。 It is known to all that a coin has two sides. As college student, we should try to learn from someone elses positions. Only in this way can we become a more considerate and perfect person.Observing the Same Thing from Different Angles The picture shows us that in

40、the eyes of the man near the apple, the apple is of good quality, while to the man who is far from the apple, the apple is of bad quality with a worm in the flesh. It is the angles rather than the distance that differentiate the witness of the apples quality. The picture reminds us of a philosophica

41、l viewObserving the same from different angles is a must. It is important and very necessary to observe or evaluate a thing from different angles. For example, sometimes when you think you are unhappy, to others it may be that you are surrounded by happiness. Therefore, different conclusions would b

42、e arrived at when we view a thing from different angles. It is known to all that a coin has two sides. As college student, we should try to learn from someone elses positions. Only in this way can we become a more considerate and perfect person.寫作語法黃金結構1. not only, but also2. It is +adj for sb to do

43、 sth3. There be 句型4.強調句和倒裝句的靈活使用5. 被動語態(tài)（模考寫作翻譯出現(xiàn)大問題）6. 狀語從句7.定語從句8.插入語的靈活運用插入語可以是時間，地點，銜接詞，同位語，強調語，修飾語，同義復指或從句。使句子更有跳躍感和地道。 He finally came, in the last minute, to fulfill his task. Drought, in Southwest China, scorched earthour motherland. Tourism, however, gives rise to a number of problems. Tsuna

44、mi, a destructive natural disaster, hit Chile without any warning. We are, if not going backward, making progress. 詞匯替換詞匯替換1. 常用詞替換2. 邏輯詞替換First group 常用詞 people, persons make sense thing build individuals, folks, mankind, human being, citizen have a point affair, business,matter,stuff shape, establ

45、ish, construct, erect, fabricate原詞原詞aspectcausewantrememberhavepopular替換為替換為facet, feature, sidegive rise to, result in, lead to , incitedesire, set ones heart on , yearn for keep. in mind enjoy, possess,ownprevalent, prevailing 原詞 替代詞 know strengthen experience more and more realize, be aware ofenh

46、ance, intensify, deepen see, witness, live through, endure, undergo An increasing number of、Increasingly、Growing 原詞 try ones best very attract same buy 替換詞 do ones utmost, exert oneself to do sth, devote to extremely, greatly, vastly, severely,terribly,exceedingly capture, enchant, entice, appeal to

47、 identical purchase, acquire, afford 表明表明importantThink ofcome up with sth occur to/strike sb Come to remind/flash back to/recollect/recallmomentous, considerable, distinctive, major, vital, capital, substantial, material,conspicuous, striking, prominent, eminent, noticeable, consequentialreveal, in

48、dicate, convey, reflect, confirm, demonstrate, implyI think?As we know?in my oponion?for my part ?from my perspective? it is widely shared that4. It is widely acknowledged that5. As far as I am concerned6. Im convinced of sth/ that be interested in ?1. sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb2. s.b

49、. be fascinated with sth3. s.b. be fond of sth 邏輯指示詞1. 原因 由于，多虧1. thanks to 2. attribute to 3. due to4. be partially responsible for5. owing to 6. rusult from2. 因果 - 結果，導致，產(chǎn)生lead to 導致result in 導致give rise to 產(chǎn)生stem from 起源于as a result/consequenceconsequently2. 遞進Whats moreIn addition/besidesFurther

50、 moreMoreoverObviously/definitely/undoubtedlyThat is to sayIndeedIn particular/especially 3. 假設SupposeAssumingImagineOnceIf 4. 比較同義比較1. Similarly/be similar to2. Likewise3. In the same way4. As as反義比較1. Conversely2. On the contrary3. In/by contrast5. In comparison句型多樣化句型多樣化 1. 描述漫畫句: * From the cart

51、oon we can see that_. * We can see from the cartoon that_. * As is indicated in the cartoon, _.2. 引出暗含主題句 * We can deduce from these two vivid drawings that_. * What has been described in the cartoon carries great meanings/implications for our life, esp. how to_. * What it illustrates is a common ph

52、enomenon in todays society, and it expresses/conveys the symbolic meaning of_. 3. 引出原因句 * There are quite a few possible reasons suggested here. To begin with,_. In the second place,_. Finally,_. * There are some possible reasons for this tendency. To begin with,_. In the second place,_. Finally,_.

53、* What caused the effect? There are at least two possible reasons. To begin with,_. In the second place,_. 4. 引出對策句 * It is, therefore, necessary that efforts should be made to deal/cope with the problem as early as possible. * We should take immediate measures, for if the present situation continue

54、s as before, serious outcome will come up. * As far as Im concerned, my suggestions are as follows. 5 列舉意義的短語 In the first place, _. In the second place, _. Last but not the least, _. To begin with, _. Furthermore, _. The most important of all, _. On the one hand, _.On the other hand, _.In addition,

55、 _. For one thing, _. For another, _. Whats more, _. First of all, _. In the second place, _. Conversely, _. 特別說說修改的方法： 在考試中, 由于時間緊, 考生心理緊張, 再加上平時練習不夠, 考生很容易在寫作中出現(xiàn)一些簡單的, 不應該出現(xiàn)的語言錯誤, 因此考生在寫完作文后, 應盡量抽出時間全面檢查是否有語言錯誤, 例如: 1) 主謂語是否一致； 2) 動詞時態(tài)是否有誤； 3) 名詞的單、復數(shù)是否有錯； 4) 有些表達是否屬于“漢語式英語”； 5) 詞序安排是否得當； 6) 有沒有不完整的句子； 7) 拼寫是否有錯； 8) 標點符號以及大小寫是否有錯。 值得一提的是, 修改定稿階段, 應特別檢查短文是否使用了自己沒有把握的詞、句及句子結構, 是否有的詞、句是自己從中文里硬譯過來的, 如果有的話, 應盡量換用地道的英語表達方法或避免使用它們。評分標準 2分-條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴重錯誤。 5分-基本切題，表達