Unit4 Earthquakes-Grammar教案 1Teaching objectivesLearn to use direct speech and indirect speech 2. Teaching important pointSummarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech. 3. Teaching difficult pointLearn about the special cases in which the tenses shouldnt be changed. 4. Teaching methodsDiscussing, summarizing and practicing.5. Teaching proceduresStep1 Lead inT: In the last lesson, we learned Anne Franks story. She is telling her stories to two of her friendsyou and Tom. Tom has something wrong with his ears, so you have to repeat Annes sentences, using indirect speech. Sometimes you explain Toms sentences to Anne.“I have to stay in the hiding place.” said Anne. Anne said she had to stay in the hiding place.“Do you feel sad when you are not able to go outdoors?” Tom asked Anne. Tom asked Anne if/whether she felt sad when she was not able to go outdoors.“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.“What do you call your diary?” Tom asked. Tom asked what she called her diary.Ss go on this topic by themselves.Step2 GrammarT: Now lets look at these sentences again. If we want to change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech, what should be changed?Ss discuss by themselves.Ss: sentence structures, tenses, pronouns, adverbials of time and place and verbs should be changed.T: Quite right. Look at the form on the screen. These are the rules.直接引語變成間接引語時，要注意以下幾點：人稱變化、時態變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序。 1.直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時，由連詞that 引導。例如：She said, I am very happy to help you.She said that she was very happy to help you.2. 直接引語是一般/選擇疑問句，變成間接引語時，由連詞whether或if 引導。例如：He asked me, Do you like playing football?He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.注意：大多數情況下，if和whether 可以互換，但后有or not,或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時，一般只用whether。例如：She asked me whether he could do it or not.3. 直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時，由相應的疑問詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導。例如：My sister asked me, How do you like the film?My sister asked me how I liked the film.4. 直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，把動詞原形變成動詞不定式，并在動詞不定式前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語。例如：The captain ordered, Be quiet.The captain ordered us to be quiet.注意：此種情況的否定句，在動詞不定式前加not。My teacher asked me, Dont laugh.My teacher asked me not to laugh.5. 一些注意事項(1)間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序，即主、謂、賓的順序。例如： He asked Lucy, Where did you go?He asked Lucy where she went.Tom said, What do you want, Ann?Tom asked Ann what she wanted.(2)直接引語是客觀事實、普遍真理等，變成間接引語時，時態不變。例如：They told their son, The earth goes round the sun.They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.(3)直接引語變間接引語時， 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應的變化。例如：He said, I havent seen her today.He said that he hadnt seen her that day.注意：如果轉述時就在原來的地方，就在說話的當天，就不必改變指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等。Direct Speech Indirect SpeechPresent pastPast past and past perfectPresent perfect past perfect Past perfect past perfectPresent continuous past continuous Step3 practiceT: Turn to Page 5. Please change the following direct speech into indirect speech and indirect into direct.1. “Im going to hide from the Germans,” Anne said.2. “I dont know the address of my new home,” said Anne.3. “I cannot ask my father because it is not safe to know,” she said.4. “I had to pack up my things very quickly,” the girl said.5. “Why did you choose your diary and old letters?” Dad asked her.6. Mum asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.7. Margot asked her what else she had got.8. Anne asked her father when they would go back home.9. Anne asked her sister how she could see her friends.10. Mother asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before.Step4 Correcting mistakesT analyses the common mistakes Ss have made during the practice.T: Now lets look at the screen and pay attention to these sentences. Choose the right sentence and tell me why the other one is wrong.Step5 A gamePlay a guessing game “who is my secret friend?” One student comes to the front with his partner.The rest students ask him questions while his partner changes them into indirect speech. In the end, the person who has guessed the right answer can come to the front to take the place of the first student .So the game goes on.Suggested sentences: Can your friend speak?What does he/she wear today?Is he/she tall or short?What do you