大學英語四六級應試技巧 寫作篇 英語寫作常見錯誤分析 檢查主要針對四個重點部位： 1） 是否切題 它又分三個層面： 一是整篇文章內容是否切合文章標題要 求； 二是段落主題句的內容是否與各段落提 示句內容相一致； 三是段落內部的內容是否與段落主題句 的表達相一致。如果發現任何一個層面 不切題，應盡可能彌補，刪除那些多余 的或不切題的地方；增添殘缺的、語義 表達不足的地方。由于時間所限，刪的 內容一定要精，要切中要害，切忌動“大 手術”。 2） 是否連貫 檢查上下文是否連貫，句子銜接是否 自然流暢，檢驗的標準主要是句子是否通 順，該用連接詞的地方用了沒有，以及所 用的連接詞是否合適。 3）是否有語法錯誤 主謂是否一致，動詞的時態、語態 、語氣的使用是否正確，詞組的搭配是 否合乎習慣。為避免不必要的語法錯誤 ，對把握性不大的詞組、句型絕不要用 。而應使用那些自己熟悉的詞組、句型 來表達相同或相近的意思。 4）是否有大小寫、拼寫、標點錯誤 在這些細枝末節上，謹慎細心地處 理，無疑會進一步提高文章的整體質量 。在檢查、改錯的過程中，切忌亂涂亂 抹。保持卷面清潔，無疑會給閱卷者留 下好印象。 英語寫作常見錯誤 一、 不切題 英漢不同的語篇思維模式是造成不切題 的直接原因。一些外國人認為東方人寫作善 用迂回法，也就是總繞著主題的外圍轉，而 不從主題入手展開討論。 漢語語篇的思維模式是中國歷史文化的 產物，人們認為這種方式含蓄、委婉，容易 使人接受，而英美人則喜歡開門見山的敘述 主題；所以我國學生進行英語寫作時，由于 受漢語語篇思維模式的影響，闡述時不從主 題入手，不能緊扣主題進行寫作，致使文章 主題不明確，觀點不夠鮮明。我們來看一篇 以Trees為題目的作文： Trees are mans friends. 1. We can see trees everywhere. 2. We plant trees every year. 3. We can make tables with trees. 4. Trees also give us fruits to eat. 5. I like to eat fruits very much. 該段的主題句是Trees are mans friends, 寫作中心應 圍繞friends，也就是樹的用途展開。但學生沒 有從friends入手闡明主題，而是繞圈子說了些無關 緊要的話，第一、二、五展開句偏離了樹的用途 這個主題，而是說我們到處可以看見樹木；每年 都種樹；喜歡吃水果等；而且段落框架松散，這 樣就屬于主題句抓不住，中心思想不明確，而且 句型單調。 再來看改寫后的段落： Trees are mans friends. 1.They provide man with timber, fruits and seeds. With timber, man can build houses and make furniture. 2. Fruits are the food, which is necessary to us every day. 3. As for seeds, they can be used to extract oil. 這樣就克服了前面所犯錯誤，緊緊 圍繞了主題句來展開，算是一篇好的 作文。 二、語言表達的錯誤 從題目或給出的關鍵詞中照搬，不 注意單詞在句中所做的成分及大小 寫 忽視第三人稱單數 忽視被動語態的用法 三、語言表達的錯誤重點分析。 1句子結構混亂，出現句子不完整 或句子成分多余 2 詞性誤用 3主謂不一致 4根據中文逐字硬譯 5. 名詞可數與不可數的誤用 6.介詞to和不定式符號的混淆 7 .動賓搭配不當 8. 詞組搭配錯誤 9綜合性語言錯誤: 有諸如時態， 語態，標點符號，大小寫等方面的錯誤 三、語言表達的錯誤重點分析 1句子結構混亂，出現句子不完整或句子 成分多余。句子不完整（Sentence Fragments ）在口語中，交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下 文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是 書面語就不同了，句子結構不完整會令意思 表達不清，這種情況常常發生在主句寫完以 后，筆者又想加些補充說明時發生 例1There are large number of people die from the disasters. 改為1：There are a large number of There are a large number of people who die from the disasters. people who die from the disasters. 改為2：There are a large number of There are a large number of people dying from the disasters.people dying from the disasters. 改為3：A large number of people die A large number of people die from the disasters.from the disasters. 例2There is a fire happened / broke out. There was occurred a fire in Honghua Hotel. 改為：改為：A fire happened / broke out /A fire happened / broke out / occurred. occurred. 例3She learn knowledge depend on herself. 改為：改為： She She learnslearns knowledge knowledge by herselfby herself. . 例4The driver of the red car was died on the spot. 改為：改為：The driver of the red car The driver of the red car dieddied on on the spot.the spot. 例5Helping others we also know the significance of life. 改為：改為： We also We also realizerealize the the significance of life significance of life throughthrough helping helping others.others. 例6The public service advertisement catch everyones eyes, enable us pay more attention about our lives and societies. 改為：改為：The public service advertisementThe public service advertisements s catch everyones eyes, catch everyones eyes, whichwhich enable enables s us us toto pay more attention pay more attention about our lives and societies. about our lives and societies. 例7The aging of population bring some problems, such as the lack of labor, seniors feel lonely and so on. 改為：改為： The aging of population The aging of population brings brings aboutabout some problems, such as the lack some problems, such as the lack of labor, of labor, seniors sense of lonelinessseniors sense of loneliness and so on.and so on. 例8Children take care of the seniors should meet their material needs, but this is not enough, concerning their spiritual needs is more important. 改為：改為： When it comes to takingWhen it comes to taking care of care of the seniors , children should the seniors , children should meet their meet their spiritual needsspiritual needs as well as material needsmaterial needs. . 例9When your opportunity coming, you attain success will be easier. 改為：改為： When your opportunity When your opportunity comescomes, , it will be easier for you to attain successit will be easier for you to attain success. . 2 詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech) “詞性誤用”常表現為：介詞 當動詞用；形容詞當副詞用；名詞 當動詞用等 例Its likely to success if you have confident, diligent and intelligence. 改為1： You are likely to succeed if you have confidence, diligence and intelligence. 改為2： Its likely that you will achieve success if you are confident, diligent and intelligent. 改為3： It is likely that you are on theIt is likely that you are on the way to success way to success if you have if you have confidence, diligence and confidence, diligence and intelligence. intelligence. 例2You cant success without your efforts. 改為1：You cant succeed without your efforts. 改為2：You cant obtain success without your efforts. 改為3：You cant become successful without your efforts. 改為4： Success is no longer out of reach with your great efforts. 例3As the development of science and technology,- 改為：With the development of science and technology,- / As the science and technology develop - 例4I usually do some public services for free, trying my best to service for the public. 改為： I usually do some public services for free, trying my best to serve the public. 例5 The public service advertisement is benefit to us. 改為1: The public service advertisement is beneficial to us. 改為2: The public service advertisement benefits us. 改為3：The public service advertisement is of great benefit to us. 改為4: We benefits a lot from the public service advertisement. 例6Some seniors were died because of without their childrens support. 改為：Some seniors died for lack of their childrens support. 例7The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. 改為：The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. 例8The children are supposed to spare some time to company their parents. 改為： The children are supposed to spare some time to accompany our parents chatting . 例9With the rapid development of economic, the conditions of our life is improving. 改為： With the rapid development of economy, the conditions of our life are improving. 例10They need economical concerned , but also mental concerned. 改為： They need not only financial support, but also emotional support . 例11With the development of the mordern social, more and more families prefer to have one child or even none, which cause the sum of the seniors has been increase quickly. 改為： With the development of the modern society, an increasing number of families prefer to have one child or even none, which cause the rapid increase of the sum of the seniors. cause sth. cause sb. to do sth. 例12The fire was because of the wrong of electricity. 改為： The fire was due to electric fault. 例13The cause of the fire includes peoples careless and dry weather. 改為： The cause of the fire includes peoples carelessness and dry weather. 例14Although I am not a specialize student of computer, I have enough knowledge about computer and I have ever take a part- time summer job as a sellman before. 改為： Although I am not a computer major / a student majoring in computer, I have enough knowledge about computer and I have ever taken a part-time summer job as a salesman before. 例15Many students choice go to the library in their spare time in order to get more knowledge. 改為： Many students choose to go to the library in their spare time in order to update their knowledge. 3主謂不一致 例There are too much thing we can do to protect our earth. 改為： There are too many things we can do to protect our earth. 例2The hard work / hard-working then achieve the success. 改為1：Hard work then enables / helps us to achieve the success. 改為2: We are bound to succeed through hard work. 例3Happy mind leads a long life. 改為: With happy mind happy mind seniors willseniors will lead a long life. lead a long life. 4根據中文逐字硬譯 例1: make us more perfect 改為：improve ourselves / make us improve ourselves / make us perfect / perfect ourselvesperfect / perfect ourselves 例2If someones family situation is not well, he can apply for scholarship. 改為：改為：If ones family is not well off, If ones family is not well off, he can apply he can apply for scholarshipfor scholarship. . 例3 keep a good body health 改為：改為： keep fit / healthykeep fit / healthy 例4 Dormitory was happened to a fire. 改為：改為： A fire happened / broke out A fire happened / broke out in a dormitory. in a dormitory. 例5 Students should hard to learn knowledge. 改為改為1 1： Students should Students should study the new study the new knowledge diligently unceasinglyknowledge diligently unceasingly. 改為改為2 2： Students should study hard study hard andand learn a lot of knowledge. learn a lot of knowledge. 改為改為3 3： Students should strive to learn knowledge. 例6 Students will take more times to study or not play. 改為改為1 1： Students will take more Students will take more timetime to to study study rather thanrather than play. play. 改為改為2 2： Students will take more Students will take more timetime to to study study instead of playinginstead of playing. . 改為改為3 3： Students will Students will spendspend more time more time studying instead of playingstudying instead of playing. . 例7 I want in the summer vacation concurrent job computer marketing work. 改為改為: : I want to I want to apply for / look for/ huntapply for / look for/ hunt for for a concurrent / part-time job a concurrent / part-time job concerningconcerning computer marketing computer marketing in the summer vacation in the summer vacation. . 例8 Now I attend the university first grade in the college education scientific institute. 改為改為: : Now I am Now I am a freshmana freshman in in College / College / School of Education ScienceSchool of Education Science / Education and Science Institute . . 例9Although I do not have the related computer marketing work experience, but I believe that I may be competent this work. 改為改為: : Although I do not have the work Although I do not have the work experienceexperience related to / concerningrelated to / concerning computer marketing, I believe that I computer marketing, I believe that I will be competent forwill be competent for this work. this work. 例10Later we must even more pay attention to use electricity the security. 改為改為: : From now onFrom now on we must more pay we must more pay attention to attention to electricity safetyelectricity safety . . 5. 名詞可數與不可數的誤用 例1: Too much tests are disadvantage for students study. 改為：改為：Too many tests are Too many tests are disadvantageous to students.disadvantageous to students. 例2: In modern society, people are under various pressures. 改為：改為：In modern society, people are In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure.under various kinds of pressure. 6.介詞to和不定式符號的混淆 例1:Too many tests will do harm to cultivate our independent thinking. 改為：改為：Too many tests will do harm to Too many tests will do harm to the cultivation of our independent the cultivation of our independent thinking.thinking. 例2: All these contributed to solve the serious problem. 改為：改為：All these contributed to the All these contributed to the solution to the serious problem.solution to the serious problem. 7 .動賓搭配不當 例1: We must pay attention to it and make solutions of the problem. 改為：改為：We must pay attention andWe must pay attention and find / figure out/work outfind / figure out/work out a solution a solution toto the problem. the problem. 例2: It also may help you to make success. 改為：改為：It may also help you It may also help you succeedsucceed /obtain your goal./obtain your goal. 例3: A strong will means never give up. 改為：改為： A strong will means never A strong will means never givinggiving up. up. 8詞組搭配錯誤。 例1The public service advertisement is to call saving water to keep the environment in balance. 改為1:The public service advertisement The public service advertisement is to call on the public tois to call on the public to save save water to water to keep the ecological balancekeep the ecological balance / improve earth environment . 改為2:The public service advertisement The public service advertisement is to appeal to the public tois to appeal to the public to save save water to water to keep the ecological balancekeep the ecological balance / improve earth environment . 例2Children are supposed to provide the seniors money, especially love and warm. 改為1: Children are supposed to provide Children are supposed to provide the seniors the seniors withwith money, especially love money, especially love and and warmth / carewarmth / care. . 改為2: Children are supposed to provide Children are supposed to provide money, especially love and money, especially love and warmthwarmth for the seniorsfor the seniors. . 例3The government should take actions to concern our seniors. 改為1:The government should take The government should take actions to actions to be concerned aboutbe concerned about our seniors. our seniors. 改為2: The government should take The government should take actions to actions to show concern aboutshow concern about our our seniors.seniors. 改為3: The government should take The government should take actions to actions to care about / forcare about / for our seniors. our seniors. 例4They should spent more time to talk with them and encourage them to join some cultural activities. 改為: They should They should spendspend more time more time talkingtalking with them , with them , encouraging encouraging them to them to participate inparticipate in some cultural activities. some cultural activities. 例5There are various of scholarship for us to apply for. 改為1: There are There are various various scholarshipscholarships s for us to apply for. for us to apply for. 改為2: There are There are a variety ofa variety of scholarship scholarships s for us to apply for.for us to apply for. 改為3: Various scholarships scholarships areare available for available for students. students. 例6Its believed that scholarship can help students improve their study and increase teaching quality. 改為: Its believed that scholarshipIts believed that scholarships s can can help to help to improve students study and improve students study and teaching qualityteaching quality. . 例7Scholarship can inspire the students study more hard / hardly. 改為: ScholarshipScholarships s can can inspire / inspire / encourage/stimulate/motivate encourage/stimulate/motivate the students the students toto study harder. study harder. 9綜合性語言錯誤: 有諸如時態，語 態，標點符號，大小寫等方面的錯誤 。 例1Take care of the seniors is the societys moral as well as our duty. 改為： TakingTaking care of the seniors is the care of the seniors is the societys moral as well as our duty.societys moral as well as our duty. 例2The fire was so terrible that I be afraid to saw it. 改為：改為： The fire was so terrible that The fire was so terrible that I I was terrified / horrified was terrified / horrified /shocked / frightened to /shocked / frightened to seesee it. it. 使文章富有表現力的手段： 1、使用有難度的詞匯； 2、使用形容詞修飾名詞，用副詞修 飾動詞或整個句子； 3、使用被動語態； 4、使用倒裝句；(not only. but also.；only.) 5、盡可能地使用名詞，而不是習慣 中的動詞和形容詞。 寫作的基本句式 There be +主語+定語+狀語. 1. There must be (a variety of) reasons for this. 2. There is no point in talking about it about again. (sense/use/good) 3.There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem. 4. There remains nothing (more) (to be done). 5. There is a great change (produced in the worlds communications). 6. There is something (you dont know). 7. There are about 78% of the college students (wanting to further their study after their graduation). 名詞化結構 1名詞從句轉換成名詞短語 That the women actively participate in public life causes the change of their role in the society. The womens active participation in public life - 2. 表語從句轉換成名詞短語 One of the positive effects of physical exercise is that it contributes directly to a persons physical health. -is its direct contribution to a persons physical health. 3由of 連接含有by 的名詞短語 That James Watt invented the steam engine started the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The invention of the steam engine by James Watt 4. 被動結構轉換成名詞 It has been suggested that we should spare no effort 不遺余力to beautify our environment. A suggestion has been made that- 5. 副詞與動詞一起轉換成名詞短語 The computer is chiefly characterized by accuracy and quick computation.計算 The chief characteristic of the computer is - 6.介詞短語與動詞一起轉換成名詞短語 The professor explained the theory of relativity to his students in detail. The professor gave his students a detailed explanation of - 7. 動詞轉換成介詞短語 Some problems are being discussed. Some problems are under discussion. Exercise: He has breakfast quickly. As the science and technology develop, the peoples living standard is on the rise. There is still room for improving your work. What he said is brief and to the point. The money in itself is not important to us. Reference He has a quick breakfast. With the development of science and technology, the peoples living standard is on the rise. There is still room for improvement in your work. His words is brief and to the point. The money in itself is of no importance to us. 平行結構 1. 名詞平行 The doctor recommended plenty of food, sleep and exercise. 2. 形容詞平行 Air travel is fast, safe and convenient. 3. 副詞平行 He always speaks English slowly and clearly. 4. 非謂語動詞短語平行 They waited for hours at