歷年英語六級真題及答案

2007年6月23日

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldOneExpectaRewardWhen

DoingaGoodDeed?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.有人做好事期望得到回報；

2.有人認為應該像雷鋒那樣做好事不圖回報；

3.我的觀點。

ShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkiminingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswer

Sheet1.

Forquestions1-4,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinfbmiationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinfbnnationgiveninthepassage.

SevenStepstoaMoreFulfillingJob

Manypeopletodayfindthemselvesinunfulfillingworksituations.Infact,oneinfourworkersisdissatisfiedwiththeir

currentjob,accordingtotherecent“Plansfor2004"survey.Theircareerpathmaybefinanciallyrewarding,butitdoesn't

meettheiremotional,socialorcreativeneeds.They9restuck,unhappy,andhavenoideawhattodoaboutit,exceptmoveto

anotherjob.

MaryLynMiller,veterancareerconsultantandfounderoftheLifeandCareerClinic,saysthatwhenmostpeopleare

unhappyabouttheirwork,theirfirstthoughtistogetadifferentjob.Instead,Millersuggestslookingatthepossibilityofa

differentlife.Throughherbook,8MythsofMakingaLiving,aswellasworkshops,seminarsandpersonalcoachingand

consulting,shehashelpedthousandsofdissatisfiedworkersreassesslifeandwork.

LikethewayofZen,whichincludesunderstandingofoneselfasonereallyis,Millerencouragesjobseekersandthose

dissatisfiedwithworkorlifetoexaminetheirbeliefsaboutworkandrecognizethat“inmanycasesyourbeliefsarewhat

broughtyoutowhereyouaretoday/5Youmayhavebeenraisedtothinkthatwomenwerebestatnurturingandcaringand,

therefore,shouldbeteachersandnurses.Sothat'swhatyoudid.Or,perhapsyouwerebroughtuptobelievethatyoushould

dowhatyourfatherdid,soyouhavetakenoverthefamilybusiness,orbecomeadentist'justlikedad."Ifthissounds

familiar,it'sprobablytimetolookatthenewpossibilitiesforyourfuture.

Millerdevelopeda7-stepprocesstohelppotentialjobseekersassesstheircurrentsituationandbeliefs,identifytheirreal

passion,andstartonajourneythatallowsthemtopursuetheirpassionthroughwork.

Step1:Willingnesstodosomethingdifferent.

Breakingthecycleofdoingwhatyouhavealwaysdoneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforjobseekers.Manyfinditdifficult

tosteerawayfromacareerpathormakeachange,evenifitdoesn'tfeelright.Millerurgesjobseekerstoopentheirmindsto

otherpossibilitiesbeyondwhattheyarecurrentlydoing.

Step2:Commitmenttobeingwhoyouare,notwhoorwhatsomeonewantsyoutobe.

Lookatthe\giftsandtalentsyouhaveandmakeacommitmenttopursuethosethingsthatyoulovemost.Ifyoulovethe

socialaspectsofyourjob,butarestuckinsideanofficeor"chainedtoyourdesk“mostofthetime,vowtofollowyour

instinctandinvestigatealternativecareersandworkthatallowyoumoretimetointeractwithothers.Dawnworkedasa

managerforalargeretailclothingstoreforseveralyears.Thoughshehadadvancedwithinthecompany,shefeltfrustrated

andlongedtobeinvolvedwithnatureandtheoutdoors.Shedecidedtogotoschoolnightsandweekendstopursuehertrue

passionbyearninghermaster'sdegreeinforestry.Shenowworksinthebiotechforestrydivisionofamajorpapercompany.

Step3:Self-definition

Millersuggeststhatoncejobseekersknowwhotheyare,theyneedtoknowhowtosellthemselves."Inthejobmarket,you

areaproduct.Andjustlikeaproduct,youmostknowthefeaturesandbenefitsthatyouhavetoofferapotentialclient,or

employer.^^Examinetheskillsandknowledgethatyouhaveidentifyhowtheycanapplytoyourdesiredoccupation.Your

qualitieswillexhibittoemployerswhytheyshouldhireyouoverothercandidates.

Step4:Attainalevelofself^honoring.

Self-honoringorself-lovemayseemlikeanoddstepforjobhunters,butbeingabletoacceptyourselfwithoutjudgment,

helpseliminateinsecuritiesandwillmakeyoumoreself-assured.Byacceptingwhoyouare-allyouremotions,hopesand

dreams,yourpersonality,andyouruniquewayofbeing-you'Hprojectmoreconfidencewhennetworkingandtalkingwith

potentialemployers.Thepowerofsell-honoringcanhelptobreakallthefalsehoodsyouwereprogrammedtobelieve-those

thatmadeyoufeelthatyouwerenotgoodenough,orstrongenough,orintelligentenoughtodowhatyoutrulydesire.

Step5:Vision.

Millersuggeststhatjobseekersdevelopavisionthatembracestheanswerto“WhatdoIreallywanttodo?^^oneshould

createasolidstatementinadozenorsosentencesthatdescribeindetailhowtheyseetheirliferelatedtowork.Forinstance,

thesecretarywholongstobeanactressdescribesalifethatallowshertoexpressherloveofShakespeareonstage.Areal

estateagent,attractedtohiscurrentjobbecauseherlovesfixingupoldhomes,describesbuyingpropertiesthatneedalittle

tenderlovingcaretomakethemmoresaleable.

Step6:Appropriaterisk.

Somephilosophersbelievethatthewaytoenlightenmentcomesthroughfacingobstaclesanddifficulties.Oncepeople

discovertheirpassion,manyaretooscaredtodoanythingaboutit.Instead,theydonothing.Withthisstep,jobseekers

shouldassesswhattheyarewillingtogiveup,orrisk,inpursuitoftheirdream.Foroneworkingmom,thatmeanttaking

nightclassestolearnnewcomputer-aideddesignskills,whilestillearningasalaryandkeepingherdayjob.Forsomeoneelse,

itmaymeanquittinghisorherjob,takingoutloanandgoingbacktoschoolfulltime.You'llmoveonestepclosertoyour

idealworklifeifyouidentifyhowmuchriskyouarewillingtotakeandthesacrificesyouarewillingtomake.

Step7:Action.

Someteachersofphilosophydescribeactioninthisway,“Ifonewantstogettothetopofamountain,justsittingatthefoot

thinkingaboutitwillnotbringonethere.Itisbymakingtheeffortofclimbingupthemountain,stepbystep,thateventually

thesummitisreached.^^Alltoooften,itisthelackofactionthatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheirideals.

Creatingaplanandtakingitonestepatatimecanleadtonewanddifferentjobopportunities.Job-huntingtasksgainadded

meaningasyousensetheirimportanceinyourquestforamoremeaningfulworklife.Theplancanincluderesearching

industriesandoccupations,talkingtopeoplewhoareinyourdesiredareaofwork,takingclasses,oracceptingvolunteer

workinyourtargetedfield.

Eachofthesestepswillleadyouonajourneytoahappierandmorerewardingworklife.Afterall,itisthejourney,notthe

destination,thatismostimportant.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。

1.Accordingtotherecent“Plansfor2004"survey,mostpeopleareunhappywiththeircurrentjobs.

2.MaryLynMiller'sjobistoadvisepeopleontheirlifeandcareer.

3.MaryLynMillerherselfwasoncequitedissatisfiedwithherownwork.

4.Manypeoplefinditdifficulttomakeuptheirmindswhethertochangetheircareerpath.

5.AccordingtoMaryLynMiller,peopleconsideringchangingtheircareersshouldcommitthemselvestothepursuitof

6.Inthejobmarket,jobseekersneedtoknowhowtosellthemselveslike.

7.Duringaninterviewwithpotentialemployers,self-honoringorself-lovemayhelpajobseekertoshow.

8.MaryLynMillersuggeststhatajobseekerdevelopavisionthatanswersthequestion""

9.Manypeoplearetooscaredtopursuetheirdreamsbecausetheyareunwillingto.

10.Whatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheiridealsis.

PartHIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,

oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatsaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.After

eachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD),anddecide

whichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

11.A)Surfingthenet.

B)Watchingatalkshow.

C)Packingabirthdaygift.

D)Shoppingatajewelrystore.

12.A)Heenjoysfindingfaultwithexams.

B)Heissureofhissuccessintheexam.

C)Hedoesn'tknowifhecandowellintheexam.

D)HeusedtogetstraightA'sintheexamshetook.

13.A)Themanisgenerouswithhisgoodcommentsonpeople.

B)Thewomanisunsureiftherewillbepeaceintheworld.

C)Thewomanisdoubtfulaboutnewspaperstories.

D)Themanisquiteoptimisticabouthumannature.

14.A)Studyforsomeprofession.

B)Attendamedicalschool.

C)Stayinbusiness.

D)Sellhisshop.

15.A)Moremoney.

B)Fairtreatment.

C)Acollegeeducation.

D)Shorterworkhours.

16.A)Shewasexhaustedfromhertrip.

B)Shemissedthecomfortsofhome.

C)ShewasimpressedbyMexicanfood.

D)ShewillnotgotoMexicoagain.

17.A)Cheerherselfupabit.

B)Findamoresuitablejob.

C)Seekprofessionaladvice.

D)Takeapsychologycourse.

18.A)Hedressesmoreformallynow.

B)Whathewearsdoesnotmatchhisposition.

C)Hehasignoredhisfriendssincegraduation.

D)Hefailedtodowellatcollege.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Togosightseeing.

B)Tohavemeetings.

C)Topromoteanewchampagne.

D)Tojoininatrainingprogram.

20.A)Itcanreducethenumberofpassengercomplaints.

B)Itcanmakeairtravelmoreentertaining.

C)Itcancutdowntheexpensesforairtravel.

D)Itcanlessenthediscomfortcausedbyairtravel.

21.A)Tookbalancedmealswithchampagne.

B)Atevegetablesandfruitonly.

C)Refrainedfromfishormeat.

D)Avoidedeatingrichfood.

22.A)Manyofthemfounditdifficulttoexerciseonaplane.

B)Manyofthemwereconcernedwiththeirwell-being.

C)Notmanyofthemchosetodowhatshedid.

D)Notmanyofthemunderstoodtheprogram.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Atafair.

B)Atacafeteria.

C)Inacomputerlab.

D)Inashoppingmall.

24.A)Thelatestcomputertechnology.

B)Theorganizingofanexhibition.

C)Thepurchasingofsomeequipment.

D)Thedramaticchangesinthejobmarket.

25.A)Datacollection.

B)Trainingconsultancy.

C)Corporatemanagement.

D)Infbnnationprocessing.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Both

thepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthe

fourchoicemarkedA)B)C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

PassageOne

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)Improvethemselves.

B)Getridofemptydreams.

C)Followtheculturaltradition.

D)Attemptsomethingimpossible.

27.A)Byfindingsufficientsupportforimplementation.

B)Bytakingintoaccounttheirownabilitytochange.

C)Byconstantlykeepinginmindtheirultimategoals.

D)Bymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.

28.A)Toshowpeoplehowtogettheirlivesbacktonormal.

B)Toshowhowdifficultitisforpeopletoloseweight.

C)Toremindpeopletocheckthecaloriesonfoodbags.

D)Toillustratehoweasilypeopleabandontheirgoals.

PassageTwo

Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

29.A)MichaePsparentsgotdivorced.

B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson.

C)Karen'smotherdiedinacaraccident.

D)Atruckdriverlosthislifeinacollision.

30.A)Heranaredlightandcollidedwithatruck.

B)Hesacrificedhislifetosaveababygirl.

C)Hewaskilledinstantlyinaburningcar.

D)HegotmarriedtoKaren'smother.

31.A)Thereportedheroturnedouttobehisfather.

B)Hedidnotunderstandhisfathertilltoolate.

C)Suchmisfortuneshouldhavefallenonhim.

D)Itremindedhimofhismiserablechildhood.

PassageThree

Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.A)Germany.

B)Japan.

C)TheU.S.

D)TheU.K.

33.A)Bydoingoddjobsatweekends.

B)Byworkinglonghourseveryday.

C)Byputtinginmorehourseachweek.

D)Bytakingshortervacationseachyear.

34.A)Tocombatcompetitionandraiseproductivity.

B)Toprovidethemwithmorejobopportunities.

C)Tohelpthemmaintaintheirlivingstandard.

D)Topreventthemfromholdingasecondjob.

35.A)Changetheirjobs.

B)Earnmoremoney.

C)Reducetheirworkinghours.

D)Strengthenthegovernment^role.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshould

listencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanks

numberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofill

inthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemain

pointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

Nursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalseimpressionthatnursesaretheretowaitonthe

physician.Asnurses,weare(36)toprovidenursingcareonly.Wedonothaveanylegalormoral(37)to

anyphysician.Weprovidehealthteaching,(38)physicalaswellasemotionalproblems,(39)

patient-relatedservices,andmakeallofournursingdecisionsbaseduponwhatisbestorsuitablefbrthepatient.If,inany(40)

,wefeelthataphysician'sorderis(41)orunsafe,wehavealegal(42)toquestionthatorder

orrefusetocarryitout.

Nursingisnotanine-to-fivejobwitheveryweekendoff.Allnursesareawareofthatbeforetheyentertheprofession.The

emotionalandphysicalstress.However,thatoccursduetooddworkinghoursisa(43)reasonforalotofthecareer

dissatisfaction.(44).Thatdisturbsourpersonallives,disruptsoursleepingandeating

habits,andisolatesusfromeverythingexceptjob-relatedfriendsandactivities.

Thequalityofnursingcareisbeingaffecteddramaticallybythesesituations.(45).

Consumersofmedicallyrelatedserviceshaveevidentlynotbeenaffectedenoughyettodemandchangesinourmedical

system.Butiftrendscontinueaspredicted,(46).

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.

Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet

2.

Questions47to51arcbasedonthefollowingpassage.

Googleisaworld-famouscompany,withitsheadquartersinMountainView,California.ItwassetupinaSiliconValley

garagein1998,andinflated(“彭脹)withtheInternetbubble.Evenwheneverythingarounditcollapsedthecompanykept

oninflating.Google'ssearchengineissowidespreadacrosstheworldthatsearchbecameGoogle,andgooglebecameaverb.

Theworldfellinlovewiththeeffective,fascinatinglyfasttechnology.

GoogleowesmuchofitssuccesstothebrillianceofS.BrinandL.Page,butalsotoaseriesoffortunateevents.ItwasPage

who,atStanfordin1996,initiatedtheacademicprojectthateventuallybecameGoogle'ssearchengine.Brin,whohadmet

Pageatastudentorientationayearearlier,joinedtheprojectearlyon.TheywerebothPh.D.candidateswhentheydevised

thesearchenginewhichwasbetterthantherestand,withoutanymarketing,spreadbywordofmouthfromearlyadoptersto,

eventually,yourgrandmother.

Theirbreakthrough,simplyput,wasthatwhentheirsearchenginecrawledtheWeb,itdidmorethanjustlookfbrword

matches,italsotallied(統il)andrankedahostofothercriticalfactorslikehowwebsiteslinktooneanother.Thatdelivered

farbetterresultsthananythingelse.BrinandPagemeanttonametheircreationGoogol(themathematicaltermfbrthe

number1followedby100zeroes),butsomeonemisspelledthewordsoitstuckasGoogle.Theyraisedmoneyfromprescient

(有先見之明的)professorsandventurecapitalists,andmovedoffcampustoturnGoogleintobusiness.Perhapstheirbiggest

strokeofluckcameearlyonwhentheytriedtoselltheirtechnologytoothersearchengines,butnoonemettheirprice,and

theybuiltitupontheirown.

Thenextbreakthroughcamein2000,whenGooglefiguredouthowtomakemoneywithitsinvention.Ithadlotsofusers,

butalmostnoonewaspaying.Thesolutionturnedouttobeadvertising,andit'snotanexaggerationtosaythatGoogleis

nowessentiallyanadvertisingcompany,giventhatthat'sthesourceofnearlyallitsrevenue.Todayitisagiantadvertising

company,worth$100billion.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

47.Apartfromaseriesoffortunateevents,whatisitthathasmadeGooglesosuccessful?

48.Google'ssearchengineoriginatedfromstartedbyL.Page.

49.HowdidGoogle'ssearchenginespreadallovertheworld?

50.BrinandPagedecidedtosetuptheirownbusinessbecausenoonewould.

51.TherevenueoftheGooglecompanyislargelygeneratedfrom.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.For

eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn'tfeelgood.Whydoesn'tever-greater

wealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)

SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodemclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,

“hunger,sickness,andcold“threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote."Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.

Obviouslyitisnotofours.^^AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe

1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumers

tobuythingstheydidn'treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,

governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—and

wrongly-labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil.^^

It'softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemany

undeservingrich-overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople'sincomesare

increasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.peoplefeel

“squeezed“becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwants-forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,more

education,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.

Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey'vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,,,asLouis

Uchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggested

utopian(烏托邦式的)possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlesphysicalmiserythanbefore.People

arebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthlets

loosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthat

everyonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmany

disappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity

(肥胖癥).Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We'vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwith

happiness.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

52.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

A)Whystatisticsdon'ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B)Whyaffluencedoesn'tguaranteehappiness.

C)Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D)Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

53.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause.

A)publicspendinghasn'tbeencutdownasexpected

B)thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C)theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D)materialismhasrunwildinmodemsociety

54.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

A)Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B)Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C)Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweenther5ichandthepoor.

D)Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

55.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmcrican^^(Line3,Para.5)?

A)Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B)Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C)PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D)Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

56.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

A)Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B)Asenseofself-fulfillment.

C)Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D)Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Theuseofdeferential(敬重的)languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservative

gendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeand

needstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.The

typicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly(謹言慎行)intheworld,“elevating

femininebeautyandgracetoanartform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic(語言的)ideal.They

areusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women's"forms,andevenusingthefewstrongfonnsthatareknowas“men's."This,

ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationof

women'slanguage.Indeed,wedidn'thearabout“men'slanguage“untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls'appropriationof

formsnormallyreservedfbrboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen's

language-whichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscrystallizedby

nationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.

YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolder

women.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto"growinto^^——afterall,itis

assignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureof

one'ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseor

imitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls'useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk"or"mothertalk”

inroleplay.

ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchange-ofsocialchangeandof

linguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe"masculization“ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthat

girlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe

“masculine."KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeable

tocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,but

differentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolder

speaker,seemlike“masculine“speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“liberated"or"hip"speech.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

57.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail.

A)thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomen

B)theConfticianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan

C)thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamilies

D)thenonnsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow

58.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday'syoungJapanesewomen?

A)Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior.

B)Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms.

C)Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage.

D)Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.

59.Howdosomepeoplereacttowomen'sappropriationofmen'slanguagefbnnsasreportedintheJapanesemedia?

A)Theycallforacampaigntostopthedefeminization.

B)Theseeitasanexpressionofwomen'ssentiment.

C)Theyacceptitasamod