熱點(diǎn)03科學(xué)新知及自然世界閱讀理解之首字母填空題中考英語首字母填空題命題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)特定的語境和所給提示的首字母寫出正確的單詞的能備考策略力,集理解、語言知識(shí)和單詞拼寫等要求于一體,要求學(xué)生在理解語言意義的基礎(chǔ)上,關(guān)注語言形式。話題涉及人文歷史、健康生活、社會(huì)生活等。首字母填空的語料是大多以敘事為主，旅行、吃飯、人際關(guān)系、個(gè)人經(jīng)歷等這類主題，貼近學(xué)生生活，易于理解。考查重點(diǎn)是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞這幾大詞類。近十年上海中考首字母填空所選詞，請(qǐng)見下表：?解題能力掌握首字母填空的解題方法，熟悉不同的文體特征，了解首字母填空的命題思路，以不變應(yīng)萬變?

語言能力熟悉考綱高頻詞和常見的短語搭配，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，鞏固語法知識(shí)，提升綜合運(yùn)用詞匯和語法的能力?

閱讀能力做題的同時(shí)，增加閱讀量和閱讀速度，提高快速理解文本的能力?

文化素養(yǎng)通過閱讀，進(jìn)一步了解英美文化和歷史，提升文化素養(yǎng)，開拓國際視野【應(yīng)試技巧】01速讀全文，定詞性讀全文：首字母答題的第一步，也是很多學(xué)生忽略的一步就是速讀全文。了解文章基本大意和作者的寫作意圖，同時(shí)在閱讀的過程中把每個(gè)空的詞性判斷出來，然后進(jìn)入下一步。02尋找線索，定詞義劃重點(diǎn)：首字母填空每題一定有解題線索！！！要不是你沒找到，要不然是出卷人水平不行。很明顯，前者概率更大。關(guān)注到表達(dá)邏輯關(guān)系的詞匯，毫不夸張地說“得邏輯關(guān)系詞者，得首字母的天下”。邏輯關(guān)系詞的重要性不言而喻。轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯：but,however,instead,舉例邏輯：forexample,suchas,like,including...因果邏輯：because,sothat,so,asareasult,that'swhy,inorderto,to指代邏輯：this,that,these,it...03全文復(fù)查，定詞形定詞形：這一步較為通俗易懂，即學(xué)生首次完成后，要再通讀下文章，確認(rèn)所填詞的詞形是否有誤。典型的錯(cuò)誤有如下幾點(diǎn)：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)；形容詞副詞的前后綴、比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)；動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、動(dòng)名詞，todo不定式等。一、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給）：Storingdata(數(shù)據(jù))hasbecomemoreconvenient.Thirtyyearsago,peoplehadtodependonfloppydisks(軟磁盤).N1,allwehavetodoishitthe“Save”buttononourscreens.Thefileswillthenbestoredinthe“cloud.”Itseemsthatwewillneverrunoutofspace.Isn’tthatgreat?Infact,however,thestoragespacewenowhaveisnotc2enough.Everyday,4.5billioninternetuserscreateaLARGEamountofdata.By2025,theamountofdataworldwidewillhaver3175zettabytes(1ZB=1012GB).Clearly,wecan’tcovereverypieceoflandontheplanetwithdatacenters.Sowherecanwestoreallofthisdata?Fortunately,someresearchershavebeenworkingonnewstoragetechnologies.OneofthesetechnologiesisDNAstorage.DNAstoragesoundsfuturist,butinsomeways,it’sjusttheopposite.B4computerswereinvented,naturehadbeenusingDNAtostoreinformation.In2012,researchersatHarvardUniversitywroteabook,11picturesandacomputerprogramintohumanDNA．EachgramofDNAcanhold2.2petabytes(PB．ofinformation(1ZB=1,048,576PB．IfDNAiskeptintherightcondition,itcankeepthestoredinformations5foramillionyears.Therearestillp6withusingDNAfordatastorage.Forexample,ittakeslotsoftimetowriteintoandreadfromDNA．Scientistsaretryingtoi7thistechnology.Wewillhavetowaittoseehowtheireffortspayoffinthefuture.【答案】1．(N)owadays2．(c)lose3．(r)eached4．(B)efore5．(s)afe6．(p)roblems7．(i)mprove【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。隨著電腦數(shù)據(jù)不斷增長(zhǎng)，儲(chǔ)存數(shù)據(jù)的難度增加，以及DNA技術(shù)來儲(chǔ)存數(shù)據(jù)存在的問題。1．句意：如今，我們所要做的就是點(diǎn)擊屏幕上的“保存”按鈕。根據(jù)“Thirtyyearsago,peoplehadtodependonfloppydisks(軟磁盤).”以及“allwehavetodoishitthe‘Save’buttononourscreens.”幾首字母提示可知，此處說的是現(xiàn)如今的情況，nowadays“如今”，是副詞，故填(N)owadays。2．句意：然而，事實(shí)上，我們現(xiàn)在擁有的存儲(chǔ)空間還不夠緊密。根據(jù)“Everyday,4.5billioninternetuserscreateaLARGEamountofdata.By2025,theamountofdataworldwidewillhave...175zettabytes(1ZB=1012GB).”及首字母提示可知，現(xiàn)在擁有的存儲(chǔ)空間還不夠緊密，此處用形容詞close，故填(c)lose。3．句意：到2025年，全球數(shù)據(jù)量將達(dá)到175ZB(1ZB=1012GB)。根據(jù)“theamountofdataworldwidewillhave...175zettabytes”及首字母提示可知，此處指的是reach“達(dá)到”，介紹過去的事情，動(dòng)詞用過去式，故填(r)eached。4．句意：在計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)明之前，大自然一直在使用DNA來存儲(chǔ)信息。根據(jù)“computerswereinvented,naturehadbeenusingDNAtostoreinformation.”及首字母提示可知，此處指的是計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)明之前，before“在……之前”，位于句首的單詞首字母要大寫，故填(B)efore。5．句意：如果DNA保存在合適的條件下，它可以將存儲(chǔ)的信息安全保存100萬年。根據(jù)“IfDNAiskeptintherightcondition,itcankeepthestoredinformation...foramillionyears.”及首字母提示可知，此處指的是safe“安全的”，此處是“keepsth+adj”的結(jié)構(gòu)，故填safe。6．句意：使用DNA進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)仍然存在問題。根據(jù)首字母提示及“Forexample,ittakeslotsoftimetowriteintoandreadfromDNA.”可知，此處指的是“有問題”，problem“問題”，結(jié)合“Thereare”可知，此處名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填(p)roblems。7．句意：科學(xué)家們正在努力改進(jìn)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。根據(jù)“Scientistsaretryingto...thistechnology.Wewillhavetowaittoseehowtheireffortspayoffinthefuture.”及首字母提示可知，此處說的是技術(shù)正在改進(jìn)中，improve“提升”，空前有to，此處動(dòng)詞用原形，故填(i)mprove。二、Fillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞，首字母已給）WhatisTechnology?Technologyistheapplication(應(yīng)用)ofknowledgetoproduction.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,wecanenjoytheconvenienceoflife.Wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkbecauseofm8technology.FormostofusinAmerica,technologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets.However,technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffooda9tousbymeansofgoodfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques,andhasextendedourlifespan(壽命).Soitraisesaquestion.Willhumanbeingscontinuetolivelongerandhaveahigherqualityoflife?Theanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseitw10.Ifwekeepmakingprogressaswehaveoverthepastfiftyyears,theanswerisdefinitelyyes.Theimprovementintechnologydependsuponresearchandd11,andthelateststatistics(統(tǒng)計(jì))showthattheUnitedStatesiscontinuingtospendbillionsofdollarseveryyearonsuche12.Sowhilewearerunningoutofsomescarceresources,wemayfindtechnologicalsubstitutes(代用品)formanyofthemthroughourresearchprogrammes.Actually,whenweneednewskillsontechniquesinmedicine,peoplewillstartdevelopingnewtechnologytomeetthoseneeds.Peoplewillworktogethertodesignnewproductstos13somedifficultproblems.Whenequipmentprovestobesloworinefficient,newmachineswillbei14inresponsetoit.【答案】8．(m)odern9．(a)vailable10．(w)idely11．(d)evelopment12．(e)fforts13．(s)olve14．(i)nvented【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述技術(shù)的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造、應(yīng)用與作用。8．句意：由于現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，我們已經(jīng)能夠很大程度提高工作效率。根據(jù)“increasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkbecauseof...technology”以及首字母可知，提高工作效率應(yīng)是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代科技，modern“現(xiàn)代的”符合語境，形容詞作定語。故填(m)odern。9．句意：然而，通過良好的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械和動(dòng)物育種技術(shù)，技術(shù)也增加了我們可獲得的食物數(shù)量。根據(jù)“technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffood...tous”以及首字母可知，應(yīng)是技術(shù)增加了我們可獲得的食物數(shù)量，available“可獲得的”符合語境。故填(a)vailable。10．句意：答案取決于技術(shù)和我們廣泛使用技術(shù)的能力。空處應(yīng)填副詞修飾動(dòng)詞use，根據(jù)“Theanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseit...”以及首字母可知，此處指廣泛運(yùn)用，widely“廣泛地”符合語境。故填(w)idely。11．句意：技術(shù)的進(jìn)步依賴于研究和發(fā)展。and連接兩個(gè)并列成分，結(jié)合research可知，空處也應(yīng)用名詞；根據(jù)“Theimprovementintechnologydependsuponresearch”以及首字母可知，技術(shù)的進(jìn)步是要依賴于發(fā)展的，development“發(fā)展”，不可數(shù)名詞。故填(d)evelopment。12．句意：最新的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，美國每年仍在這方面投入數(shù)十億美元。such修飾名詞；根據(jù)“thelateststatisticsshowthattheUnitedStatesiscontinuingtospendbillionsofdollarseveryyear”以及首字母可知，此處指美國方面的努力，effort“努力”，可數(shù)名詞，所以此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填(e)fforts。13．句意：人們會(huì)一起工作，設(shè)計(jì)新產(chǎn)品，以解決一些難題。根據(jù)“somedifficultproblems”以及首字母可知，應(yīng)是解決問題，solve“解決”，不定式符號(hào)to后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。故填(s)olve。14．句意：當(dāng)設(shè)備運(yùn)行慢或者低效的時(shí)候，為了解決這個(gè)問題，新的機(jī)器會(huì)被發(fā)明出來。根據(jù)“Whenequipmentprovestobesloworinefficient”可知，此處指發(fā)明新機(jī)器，invent“發(fā)明”，且“機(jī)器是被發(fā)明”，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，空處應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填(i)nvented。三、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給）：MaryAnning:TheFossilHunterAsafossil（化石）scientist,MaryAnning(1700—1847)madegreatcontributions（貢獻(xiàn)）toherfieldinthe19thcentury.HernameisnowwidelyknowninBritainandevenEurope.Butthatwasnotalwaysthecase.Anningwasatalentedwoman.ShewasborninapoorfamilyinLymeRegis,Britain.Shedidnotreceiveanypropereducationandhadtoteachh15geology（地質(zhì)學(xué)）andpaleontology（古生物學(xué)）.Anninggrewupbythesea.Atayoungage,sheshowedgreatinterestinstudyingthefossilsalongthecoastline.Anningworkedveryhard.Shewentoutinallweatherstosearchforfossils.Attheageof12,sheuncoveredaskeletonthatlookedlikeacrocodile.Then,aftertenyearsoftirelesse16,shemadeanamazingdiscovery.Itwasahugefossilofsomethingthattheworldhadneverseenbefore.However,manyofAnning’sfindingsd17withthewidelyacceptedtheories（理論）atthattime.Somostofthescientistsdidn’tbelieveorrecognizethevalueofherfindings.What’smore,inthatperiod,peoples18respectedwomen.Anning’sfindingswereevenpublishedwithouthername.Duringherlifetime,thewomanwasnevers19consideredtobeascientist.Butsuchtroublesdidn’tstopAnningfrommakingmorediscoveries.Thewomanwasstillkeenonstudyingv20sizesandtypesoffossilsalongsidethesea.Someofthemwereaslargeasahugerockwhileothersweresmallerthananegg.Until1829,shecarefullyuncoveredaskeletonofafossilfishwhichmadeherknownamongfirst-classscientists.Herdiscoverieshelpedtostudysomeextinct（已滅絕的）animals.TheyformedthebasisforCharlesDarwin’sOntheOriginofSpecies（《物種起源》）.Inrecentyears,moreandmorepeoplehavecometorealizetheimportanceofAnning’swork.SheisnowlistedamongthetoptenBritishwomenwhohavegreatlya21thehistoryofscience.Anningwasanambitiousandhard-workingwomaninhistory.Shedeservestoberemembered.【答案】15．(h)erself16．(e)xplorations17．(d)iffered18．(s)eldom19．(s)eriously20．(v)arious21．(a)ffected【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了英國女性科學(xué)家化石獵人瑪麗·安寧的科學(xué)研究經(jīng)歷。15．句意：她沒有接受任何真正的教育，只能自學(xué)地質(zhì)學(xué)和古生物學(xué)。根據(jù)“Shedidnotreceiveanypropereducation”可知，她沒有接受任何真正的教育，因此她只能自學(xué)。teachoneselfsth意為“自學(xué)某物”，主語為She，首字母為h，因此應(yīng)填入反身代詞herself。故填(h)erself。16．句意：然后，經(jīng)過十年的不懈探索，她有了一個(gè)驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文“Shewentoutinallweatherstosearchforfossils.Attheageof12,sheuncoveredaskeletonthatlookedlikeacrocodile.”和首字母e可知，“尋找化石”和“發(fā)現(xiàn)像鱷魚的骨架”都是安寧在探索，形容詞tireless應(yīng)是修飾名詞exploration“探索”，此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式explorations。故填(e)xplorations。17．句意：然而，安寧的許多發(fā)現(xiàn)與當(dāng)時(shí)被廣泛接受的理論不同。根據(jù)下一句“Somostofthescientistsdidn’tbelieveorrecognizethevalueofherfindings.”可知，大多數(shù)科學(xué)家不相信或不認(rèn)可她的發(fā)現(xiàn)的價(jià)值，說明她的發(fā)現(xiàn)與當(dāng)時(shí)的科學(xué)家們的理論不同，根據(jù)“from”和首字母d，可知?jiǎng)釉~短語differfrom表示“與……不同”，該句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞differ的過去式為differed。故填(d)iffered。18．句意：而且，在那個(gè)時(shí)期，人們極少尊重女性。根據(jù)下一句“Anning’sfindingswereevenpublishedwithouthername.”和首字母s，可知她的發(fā)現(xiàn)甚至沒有被冠上她的名字就被發(fā)布，說明此處應(yīng)用頻度副詞seldom來表示當(dāng)時(shí)人們對(duì)女性的不尊重。故填(s)eldom。19．句意：在她的一生中，這位女士從未被認(rèn)真地認(rèn)為是一位科學(xué)家。根據(jù)上文“What’smore,inthatperiod,people…respectedwomen.Anning’sfindingswereevenpublishedwithouthername.”可知，在她所在的時(shí)代，女性不被尊重，女性的科學(xué)研究不被認(rèn)可，由此可知，她也從未被認(rèn)真地認(rèn)為是一位科學(xué)家。結(jié)合首字母s，此處應(yīng)用副詞seriously修飾動(dòng)詞considered。故填(s)eriously。20．句意：這位女士仍然熱衷于研究海邊各種大小和類型的化石。根據(jù)“studying...sizesandtypesoffossils”及首字母v可知，此處指研究各種大小和類型的化石，應(yīng)用形容詞various“各種各樣的”來修飾名詞sizesandtypesoffossils。故填(v)arious。21．句意：她現(xiàn)在被列為對(duì)科學(xué)史產(chǎn)生重大影響的十大英國女性之一。根據(jù)“have”可知后接動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；根據(jù)上文“Herdiscoverieshelpedtostudysomeextinct（已滅絕的）animals.TheyformedthebasisforCharlesDarwin’sOntheOriginofSpecies（《物種起源》）.”和首字母a可知，她影響了科學(xué)史，此處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞affect“影響”的過去分詞affected。故填(a)ffected。四、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給）：Cellphoneshavebecomeoneofthemostusefuldevicesinthepasthalfcentury.Thefirstcellphonehadonlyoneuse—callingsomeone.Today’ssmart-phonesarereallyminicomputersthatallowuserstodomanythingsatonce.Peoplecansendt22andemails,listentomusic,takepicturesandvideos,andfindinformationonline.Cellphonesareperfectforlearninginschool.Forexample,studentscanfindinformationontheInternet,s23mathproblemsandsharenotes.Theycanusecalendarsandalarmsforremindersabouthomework,projects,andtests.Theycanevenshareideasonsocialmedia.Someschoolsdon’tallowcellphonesb24theythinkthephonescandistractstudentsfromtheirwork.Someteachersworrythatstudentswon’tpayattentionandwillneedtoberemindedtoputdowntheirphones.Theyalsoworrythatstudentswillspendlunchesandrecessplayinggamesorusingsocialmedia.Kidscouldmissoutonqualitytimespentwithfriends.Teachersandparentsalsoworryaboutstudentsusingphonestocheatontestsorbullyothers.Cheatingisunfairanddoesnothelpstudentslearn.Bullyingh25classmates.Studiesshowthatyoungerstudentsaremorelikelytobebullediftheyhavecellphones.However,researchershavefoundthatmostparentsandteacherswantstudentstohavephones.Itisimportantforparentsandchildrentobeabletokeepintouch.Teacherslikeusingphonesduringlessonsbecausestudentsaremoreinterestedandpayc26attention.Manyteachersfeelthatthebenefitsoutweightheproblemsifstudentslearntousethecellphonesc27.Teachersandparentscanteachkidstousecellphonesinasafewaythathelpsthemlearnnewthings.Inclass,phonesshouldbes28andusedonlyforlessons.Studentsshouldalsotracktimespentontheirphonesandavoidusingthemtoomuch.Studentsshouldbeallowedtousecellphonesinschool.Settinggoodgroundrulescanimprovelearningforeveryone.【答案】22．(t)exts23．(s)olve24．(b)ecause25．(h)urts26．(c)loser27．(c)orrectly28．(s)tored【導(dǎo)語】本文主要討論了應(yīng)不應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生在學(xué)校使用智能手機(jī)的問題。22．句意：人們可以發(fā)送短信和電子郵件，聽音樂，拍照和視頻，并在網(wǎng)上查找信息。根據(jù)“Peoplecansend...andemails”及首字母和常識(shí)可知，手機(jī)可以發(fā)短信，text“短信”，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，與emails形成并列關(guān)系，故填(t)exts。23．句意：例如，學(xué)生可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上找到信息，解決數(shù)學(xué)問題和分享筆記。根據(jù)“mathproblems”及首字母可知，應(yīng)是解決問題，solve“解決”，此處與“findinformation”是并列關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)詞原形，故填(s)olve。24．句意：一些學(xué)校不允許學(xué)生使用手機(jī)，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為手機(jī)會(huì)分散學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)注意力。空后“theythinkthephonescandistractstudentsfromtheirwork他們認(rèn)為手機(jī)會(huì)分散學(xué)生的注意力”是空前“不允許學(xué)生使用手機(jī)”的原因，所以應(yīng)用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，故填(b)ecause25．句意：欺凌會(huì)傷害同學(xué)。根據(jù)“Bullying...classmates”及首字母和常識(shí)可知，欺凌會(huì)使學(xué)生收到傷害，hurt“使受傷”，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是動(dòng)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用三單形式，故填(h)urts。26．句意：老師們喜歡在課堂上使用手機(jī)，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生們更感興趣，注意力也更集中。空處應(yīng)填形容詞作定語修飾名詞attention。根據(jù)“moreinterestedandpay...attention”及首字母可知，感興趣的話，注意力也會(huì)更集中，paycloseattention“集中注意力”，由“moreinterested”可知，空處應(yīng)用close的比較級(jí)closer，故填(c)loser。27．句意：許多老師認(rèn)為，如果學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)正確使用手機(jī)，利會(huì)大于弊.。根據(jù)“thebenefitsoutweightheproblems”及首字母可知，應(yīng)是說正確使用手機(jī)的話，會(huì)利大于弊，空處應(yīng)填副詞correctly“正確地”修飾動(dòng)詞use，故填(c)orrectly。28．句意：在課堂上，手機(jī)應(yīng)該儲(chǔ)存起來，只用于功課。根據(jù)“phonesshouldbe...andusedonlyforlessons”及首字母可知，應(yīng)是上課時(shí)，手機(jī)應(yīng)被存放起來，store“存放”，shouldbe后應(yīng)跟過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填(s)tored。五、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords.(首字母填空，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)NewYorkCity’spolicedepartment(NYPD)hasdecidedtoreturnarobotdog.Thoughtherobotworkedwell,itupsetmanypeople.Somethoughtitwas“creepy(嚇人的)”.Othersw29thatitwouldinvade(侵犯)theirprivacy.Spotisadog-shapedrobotbuiltbyatechcompany.Therobothasfourlegs,soevenonroughgrounditcanmovee30.Insteadofahead,therobothasacamera.Italsohasamicrophoneandaspeaker,andpeoplecancontrolitfromadistance.InDecember,2020,theNYPDannounced(宣布)thatitwouldbeginusingaspecialversionofSpot.Theirrobotwaspaintedblue.Ithasaspecialcameratoallowitto“see”everythingonallsidesofit.Theycalledtheirversion“Digidog”.TherobotcosttheNYPDabout$94,000.Thatmayseemlikealotofmoney,butit’scheapforarobot.WhenitannouncedDigidog,theNYPDsaid,“Thisdogisgoingtosavelives,protectpeople,andprotectofficers,andthat’sourg31.”Theysoonfoundoutthatnoteveryonewasexcitedabouttherobotastheywere.AftertherobotwasbroughttoanemergencycallinFebruary,avideoofitwassharedw32,andupsetalotofpeople.Manypeoplewereconcernedthatthepolicewereusinganelectronicdogforspying(暗中監(jiān)視).Othersfeltlikeitwaswrongforthepolicetospendmoneyonmachines.Theyshouldfocusonp33.Formanypeople,theconcernwasn’tjustaboutthisrobotdog,butaboutwhatfuturepolicerobotsmightlooklike.Forexample,theyfearedthatthepolicemightusearobotthatcouldcontrolitso34movements,oronethatcarriedweapons.Whenthedogwasuseda35inlateApril,2021,anothervideowassharedontheInternet.Manypeoplewerestillupset.Asaresultofthestrongpublicreaction,theNYPDdecidedtogetridofDigidog,andtoreturnhimtothetechcompany.【答案】29．(w)orried30．(e)asily31．(g)oal32．(w)idely33．(p)eople34．(o)wn35．(a)gain【導(dǎo)語】本文講述了紐約市警察局因?yàn)槭褂脵C(jī)器人狗給人們帶來的擔(dān)憂和恐慌，最終他們決定把機(jī)器人狗歸還到科技公司。29．句意：其他人則擔(dān)心這會(huì)侵犯他們的隱私。根據(jù)前文“itupsetmanypeople”可知，這里表示其他人“擔(dān)心”會(huì)侵犯他們的隱私，是一般過去時(shí)。故填(w)orried。30．句意：這個(gè)機(jī)器人有四條腿，所以即使在粗糙的地面上它也能很容易地移動(dòng)。根據(jù)前文“Therobothasfourlegs”可知，它可以非常“輕松地”移動(dòng)，修飾動(dòng)詞move，用副詞形式。故填(e)asily。31．句意：這只狗將拯救生命，保護(hù)人民，保護(hù)官員，這是我們的目標(biāo)。結(jié)合首字母及句意可知，拯救生命，保護(hù)人民，保護(hù)軍官是我們買這個(gè)機(jī)器人狗的“目的”，有空前that’s可知，這里是單數(shù)。故填(g)oal。32．句意：今年2月，這個(gè)機(jī)器人被帶到一個(gè)緊急呼叫中心后，它的視頻被廣泛分享，并讓很多人感到不安。根據(jù)后文“andupsetalotofpeople”可知，這個(gè)視頻被“廣泛”分享，用來修飾動(dòng)詞shared，所以是副詞。故填(w)idely。33．句意：他們應(yīng)該以人為本。這里和前文“onmachines”相對(duì)應(yīng)，所以指的是關(guān)注“人”。故填(p)eople。34．句意：例如，他們擔(dān)心警察可能會(huì)使用可以控制自己運(yùn)動(dòng)的機(jī)器人，或者攜帶武器的機(jī)器人。這里指的是機(jī)器人“自己的”運(yùn)動(dòng)。故填(o)wn。35．句意：2021年4月下旬再次使用該狗時(shí)，網(wǎng)上又分享了一段視頻。根據(jù)后文“anothervideowassharedontheInternet”可知，這是在2020年12月之后的“又一次”使用這個(gè)機(jī)器人。故填(a)gain。一、Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞，首字母已給。)Homesweethome—thisphrasebringsbackgoodmemoriesandfeelings.Theplaceyoucallhomemightbeahouse,aflat,atentorotherplaces.H1didyouknowthattheconditionofyourlivingspacecanhaveaneffectonyouremotions(情感)andevenonyourmentalhealth?Byorganizingyourlivingspace,youcanhelptoachieveamorepeacefullife.AddlightItgoeswithoutsayingthatthelightinginyourroomorinyourhousecana2yourmood.Ifthelightingistoodim(昏暗的),yourmoodmayendupmatchingthedarkatmosphere.Artificial(人工的)lightmaynotdothetrick,though.Itisbettertoopenyourcurtainsbecausen3sunlightmakesyourwholedaybrighter.GogreenTomakesureyouhavegoodmentalhealth,surroundyourselfwithgreenplants.Alargenumberofstudieshaveshownthatthepresenceofgreenplantsinyourhomecani4mood.Choosecolorsw5Thecolorofyourenvironmenthasanactiveinfluenceonyourmood.Choosingcolorsthatcreateacalmatmosphere(氛圍)canbeatypeoftreatment.CleanitupLet’salladmitit;Wehavetroublekeepingourspaceclean.Butitdoesn’tjustlookterrible;itmakesyoufeelterrible.Anuntidyroombothshowsstressandcausesstress.Disordercanshowthatyou’retoobusytokeepthingstidy,butthenlookingatam6canleadtomorestress.Cleaningupdoesn’thavetotakeallday—justtake10or15minutesandputafewthingsaway.Youwillbesurprisedhowmuchbetteryou’llfeel.Thereisnol7towaysyoucanmakeyourenvironmentgoodforyourmentalhealth.Youcanputupphotosofyourfamilyandfriendsorpostencouragingnotesfrompeoplethatshowhowmuchtheyloveyou.Justremember:Yoursurroundingscanmake“homesweethome”muchsweeter.【答案】1．(H)ow2．(a)ffect3．(n)atural4．(i)mprove5．(w)isely6．(m)ess7．(l)imit【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹居住空間的條件會(huì)影響你的情緒，甚至?xí)绊懩愕男睦斫】怠Ｎ恼戮唧w給出一些建議。1．句意：你如何知道你的居住空間的條件會(huì)影響你的情緒，甚至影響你的心理健康？根據(jù)后句“Byorganizingyourlivingspace,youcanhelptoachieveamorepeacefullife.”可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)方式，用疑問詞How放句首，故填(H)ow。2．句意：不用說，你房間或家里的燈光會(huì)影響你的情緒。根據(jù)“Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthelightinginyourroomorinyourhousecan...yourmood.”可知，燈光會(huì)影響你的情緒，affect“影響”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)詞原形，故填(a)ffect。3．句意：最好打開窗簾，因?yàn)樽匀还鈺?huì)讓你的一整天都更明亮。根據(jù)“Itisbettertoopenyourcurtainsbecause...sunlightmakesyourwholedaybrighter.”可知，打開窗簾，自然光會(huì)進(jìn)來；natural“自然的”，作定語修飾sunlight，故填(n)atural。4．句意：大量研究表明，在家里擺放綠色植物可以改善情緒。根據(jù)“Alargenumberofstudieshaveshownthatthepresenceofgreenplantsinyourhomecan...mood.”可知，綠色植物可以改善情緒，improve“改善”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)詞原形，故填(i)mprove。5．句意：明智地選擇顏色根據(jù)“Choosecolors...”可知，要明智地選擇顏色，wisely“明智地”，修飾動(dòng)詞，故填(w)isely。6．句意：混亂可能表明你太忙而無法保持東西整潔，但是看著混亂會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的壓力。根據(jù)“Disordercanshowthatyou’retoobusytokeepthingstidy,butthenlookingata...canleadtomorestress.”可知，看著混亂會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的壓力，mess“混亂”符合語境，故填(m)ess。7．句意：讓你的環(huán)境對(duì)你的心理健康有益的方法是沒有限制的。根據(jù)“Thereisno...towaysyoucanmakeyourenvironmentgoodforyourmentalhealth.”可知，讓你的環(huán)境對(duì)你的心理健康有益的方法是沒有限制的，limit“限制”符合語境，故填(l)imit。二、Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞，首字母已給。)TheCostofTravelingtoAntarctica“WhydoyouwanttotraveltoAntarctica?Isn’titverycoldandveryfaraway?”IwasaskedthesesamequestionsoverandoveragainwhenItoldmyfriendsaboutmyplantotraveltothesouthernmostcontinent.Tobehonest,I,l8manyothertravelers,justwantedtocrossthispure-whitewonderlandoffmybucketlist(人生愿望清單).Thetrip,however,turnedouttobeagreatlessonabouttheAntarcticenvironment.Onmywayback,Icouldn’thelpaskingmyself,“HowhaveIaffectedtheAntarcticenvironment?ShouldIhaveeventraveledtothecontinent?”Anytypeoftravelcomeswithanenvironmentalcost.Myguidetoldmethatofallmeansoftransport,shipshadsomeofthelargestcarbonfootprints.Thatmeanstheyproducelotsofgreenhousegases.Inaddition,thenoiseofshipsp9throughtheoceancancauseseriousharmtosealife.Whenwetravelfromoneplacetoanother,wespreadseedsa10bacteria(細(xì)菌)throughourclothing,bodiesandluggage.ForAntarctica,thesenon-nativeseedsandbacteriacanbeverydamaging.Touroperatorstrytopreventthisproblembyprovidingtravelerswithspecialboots.Travelersmustwearthemwhenevertheyleavetheirships.Theirouterwearmustalsobecleanedb11itcanbewornforlanding.However,whentheygethotwhilehiking,travelersmaytakeofftheirouterwearandtheclothestheywearunderneatharenotusuallyrequiredtobecleaned.TheincreaseintourisminAntarcticamayalsobringaboutsomeunknownrisks.Forexample,sincethereisnonativehumanpopulationinAntarctica,thel12animalsarenotusedtosharingtheirhomeswithus.Wemaynotbeableton13anyproblemsnow,butwhenwebegintoseechanges,itmayalreadybetoolate.Itwastrulywonderfultoseetheb14ofAntarcticawithmyowneyes.However,mytripdidharmtheAntarcticenvironmentandwildlife.Beforeyoudecidetolandonthecontinent,pleasethinktwiceaboutthetrue“cost”ofyourtrip.【答案】8．(l)ike9．(p)assing10．(a)nd11．(b)efore12．(l)ocal13．(n)otice14．(b)eauty【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了南極旅游。8．句意：老實(shí)說，我和許多其他旅行者一樣，只是想把這個(gè)純白的仙境從我的遺愿清單上劃掉。“...manyothertravelers”作插入語，此處缺少介詞，like“像”，表示“像其他旅行者一樣”。故填(l)ike。9．句意：此外，船只通過海洋時(shí)發(fā)出的噪音會(huì)對(duì)海洋生物造成嚴(yán)重危害。此處修飾ships，passthrough“穿過”，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示“通過海洋的船只”。故填(p)assing。10．句意：當(dāng)我們從一個(gè)地方旅行到另一個(gè)地方時(shí)，我們通過衣服、身體和行李傳播了種子和細(xì)菌。seeds和bacteria屬于并列關(guān)系。故填(a)nd。11．句意：他們的外套也必須清洗干凈才能穿著登陸。此處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，before“在……之前”，表示“在登陸前”。故填(b)efore。12．句意：例如，由于南極洲沒有土著人口，當(dāng)?shù)氐膭?dòng)物不習(xí)慣與我們共享家園。此處修飾animals，由“sharingtheirhomeswithus”可知，此處表示“本地的動(dòng)物”，local“本地的”。故填(l)ocal。13．句意：我們現(xiàn)在可能無法注意到任何問題，但當(dāng)我們開始看到變化時(shí)，可能已經(jīng)太晚了。此處缺少動(dòng)詞，由“seechanges”可知，此處表示“看到改變”，此處應(yīng)呼應(yīng)，表示“注意到問題”，notice“注意到”，beabletodosth“能夠做某事”，此處用動(dòng)詞原形。故填(n)otice。14．句意：親眼看到南極洲的美景真是太棒了。此處缺少名詞，由“withmyowneyes”可知，這里表示“親眼看到”，thebeautyof“……的美景”。故填(b)eauty。三、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)AppstoexciteyourinnerartistStayingathomewithoutteachersandclassmates,youprobablywillplaywithyoursmartphonetogetthroughthelongdays.Buthowcanyouunlockyourphone’sfullpotential?Startdownloadingsomeinterestingandcreativeappsthatwillhelpyouk15timeandboredom.Wehavechosenthreeforyou.Trythemoutandhavefun.EasyVoiceChangerWhenyouwatchsci-fimovies,youmayhavenoticedthatpeoplecanchangetheirvoicesinphonecallsandrecordings.Doyouwanttohavethismagicala16?Well,EasyVoiceChangerwillmakeyourwishcometrue.It’squiteeasytouse.Userssimplyrecordtheirvoicesintheapp.Then,itcanchangetosoundlikedifferentvoices.Thesei17voicesofanalien,arobot,amonster,akid,abee,aghostandmanymore.Ifyouwanttohavefunwithyourfriends,whynotsendthemafreakyphonerecording?Meme(表情包)GeneratorFreeWearethememegeneration.Youngpeoplearenotwillingtosendtext.Theypreferusingmemestomakeapointi18.Butdoyouwantmemespecialmemes?Makeyourown,withMemeGeneratorFree!Theapphasmorethan1,000high-qualitymemetemplates(模板)touse.Youcanchoosephotoorsnap(拍照)onetoinsertontothetemplate.Yourfriendswillappreciateyourimaginationandthankyouforgivingthemar19tolaugh.Psychedelic(迷幻的)CameraAreyoutiredoffollowingrules?Doyoujustwanttomakesomethinga20?YoudefinitelyneedtocheckoutPsychedelicCamera.Theappletsyouchoosepicturesfromyourphotogalleryandaddfilters(濾鏡)toit.“Youcansimplypowerupthecameraandviewyoursurroundingsinchaotic(混亂)colorsandpatterns—it’sdelightful.Sothatitishardforanyonetor21youanymore.”saidAnmolSachdevaonUStechnologywebsiteBeebom.【答案】15．(k)ill16．(a)bility17．(i)nclude18．(i)nstead19．(r)eason20．(a)mazing21．(r)ecognize/(r)ecognise【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了三款激發(fā)你內(nèi)心的藝術(shù)家的應(yīng)用程序。15．句意：開始下載一些有趣和有創(chuàng)意的應(yīng)用程序，幫助你消磨時(shí)間和無聊。根據(jù)“Startdownloadingsomeinterestingandcreativeapps”可知這有助于消磨時(shí)間，kill“消磨（時(shí)間），打發(fā)（時(shí)光）”，helpsb.dosth.“幫助某人做某事”。故填(k)ill。16．句意：你想擁有這種神奇的能力嗎？根據(jù)“Whenyouwatchsci-fimovies,youmayhavenoticedthatpeoplecanchangetheirvoicesinphonecallsandrecordings.”可知此處表示在電話和錄音中改變聲音的能力，ability“能力”，結(jié)合“this”可知用單數(shù)。故填(a)bility。17．句意：這些聲音包括外星人、機(jī)器人、怪物、孩子、蜜蜂、鬼魂等等。根據(jù)“Then,itcanchangetosoundlikedifferentvoices.”可知此處講不同的聲音包括什么，句子缺少謂語，include“包括”，結(jié)合上下文可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語These后接動(dòng)詞原形。故填(i)nclude。18．句意：他們更喜歡用表情包來表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)“preferusingmemestomakeapoint”可知使用表情包代替語言來表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)，instead“反而，代替”。故填(i)nstead。19．句意：你的朋友會(huì)欣賞你的想象力，感謝你給了他們一個(gè)開懷大笑的理由。根據(jù)“thankyouforgivingthemar...tolaugh”可知是給了朋友們大笑的理由，reason“理由”，a后接名詞單數(shù)。故填(r)eason。20．句意：你只是想做出令人驚嘆的事情嗎？根據(jù)“Areyoutiredoffollowingrules?”及首字母a可知此處問是否想做一些令人驚嘆的事情，amazing“令人驚嘆的”。故填(a)mazing。21．句意：這樣別人就很難認(rèn)出你了。根據(jù)“Theappletsyouchoosepicturesfromyourphotogalleryandaddfilterstoit.”可知給照片添加濾鏡，讓人難以認(rèn)出自己，recognize/recognise“認(rèn)出”，to后接動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式。故填(r)ecognize/(r)ecognise。四、Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞，首字母已給。)Weknowanimalshaveemotions.Theycanfeelfear.Wealsothinktheyfeellove,sincetheyhavestrongrelationshipswitheachother.Soareanimalemotionss22toourown?Anddoanimalshaveasenseofhumor?AParrot’sJokeSally’sparrotBongodidn’tgetalongwithhera23parrot,Paco.Infact,Bongoclearlydidn’tlikePacoatall!Oneday,Sallycookedachickenfordinner.Shestartedtocutthechickenwithaknife.“Oh,no!Paco!”Bongosaidloudlyandlaughed.Sallylaughed,too,andsaid,“ThatchickenisnotPaco.”“Oh…no,”saidBongo.Thistime,shesoundedd24.Thentheparrotlaughedatherownjoke.YogaDogJeanenjoysyogaandsodoesherdogBuffy.W25Jeandoesyoga,BuffycarefullyplaceshertoysonJean’sbody.Ifatoyfalls,Buffyrunstoputitb26.Doesthisbehaviorhaveanyrealpurpose?“Shethinksit’sfunny!”saysJean.AnimalLaughterCandogs“l(fā)augh”?Recentresearchshowsthatdogscantelleachotherwhentheywanttoplay.Theymakeaspecialsoundakindof“l(fā)augh.”Psychologist(心理學(xué)家)Patriciarecorde