Modelica語法詳解注解哈工大計算學部-工業(yè)軟件中心哈工大重慶研究院-無人裝備中心曲明成

博士/副教授

qumingcheng@2025年4月23日Example專業(yè)的圖標+酷炫的動畫=想用的沖動Example分欄+分頁+說明=參數(shù)一目了然annotation(……);思考長啥樣？能干啥？模型中的都屬于注解1、組件參數(shù)框設計2、圖標設計3、模型幫助文檔設計4、動態(tài)顯示設計blockBulb"燈泡"

input

Realcoupling_variable

annotation(Dialog(group="CouplingVariable"));

parameter

Realcritical_value

annotation(Dialog(group="Parameter"));

parameter

ColorSelectlower_color=RGB(255,255,255)

annotation(Dialog(group="Parameter"));

parameter

ColorSelectupper_color=RGB(255,255,0)

annotation(Dialog(group="Parameter"));…protected

ColorSelectlight_color

annotation(Hide=false);algorithm

…

annotation(Icon(graphics={Ellipse(extent={{-80,100},{80,-60}},color={192,192,192},fillPattern=

FillPattern.Sphere,fillColor={255,255,0},dynamicFillColorR=light_color.r,dynamicFillColorG=light_color.g,dynamicFillColorB=light_color.b,dynamicLineColorR

=body_line_color.r,dynamicLineColorG=body_line_color.g,dynamicLineColorB=

body_line_color.b,…,Text(extent={{-80,-110},{80,-140}},color={0,0,255},textString="%name")}));endBulb;目錄1.

參數(shù)面板設計2.圖標設計3.模型文檔設計4.動態(tài)顯示設計6.本章回顧5.文本其他注解modelAnnularOrificeSpool"帶有圓環(huán)節(jié)流孔的滑閥芯"

//參數(shù)parameter

SI.Lengthds(displayUnit="mm")=0.01

"筒徑";parameter

SI.Lengthdr(displayUnit="mm")=0.005

"桿徑";parameter

SI.Lengthlen0(displayUnit="mm")=0

"初始壓力腔長度";parameter

SI.Positionunderlap0(displayUnit="mm")=0

"零開口壓力腔長";parameter

SI.Positionxmin(displayUnit="mm")=0

"最小位移限制";parameter

SI.Positionxmax(displayUnit="mm")=1e27

"最大位移限制";parameter

SI.Volumev0(displayUnit="ml")=0

"死區(qū)容積";parameter

BooleanUseJetForce=false

"若為true，則考慮液動力，否則不考慮液動力";parameter

RealCqmax=0.7"最大流量系數(shù)";parameter

Reallambda_crit=100

"臨界流量數(shù)";endAnnularOrificeSpool;modelAnnularOrificeSpool"帶有圓環(huán)節(jié)流孔的滑閥芯"

//參數(shù)

parameter

SI.Lengthds(displayUnit="mm")=0.01

"筒徑"

annotation(Dialog(group="結構參數(shù)"));

parameter

SI.Lengthdr(displayUnit="mm")=0.005

"桿徑"

annotation(Dialog(group="結構參數(shù)"));

parameter

SI.Lengthlen0(displayUnit="mm")=0

"初始壓力腔長度"

annotation(Dialog(group="結構參數(shù)"));

parameter

SI.Positionunderlap0(displayUnit="mm")=0

"零開口壓力腔長"

annotation(Dialog(group="結構參數(shù)"));

parameter

SI.Positionxmin(displayUnit="mm")=0

"最小位移限制"

annotation(Dialog(group="結構限制"));

parameter

SI.Positionxmax(displayUnit="mm")=1e27

"最大位移限制"

annotation(Dialog(group="結構限制"));

parameter

SI.Volumev0(displayUnit="ml")=0

"死區(qū)容積"annotation(Dialog(group="高級"));

parameter

BooleanUseJetForce=false

"若為true，則考慮液動力，否則不考慮液動力"

annotation(Dialog(tab="高級",group="流體參數(shù)"));

parameter

RealCqmax=0.7"最大流量系數(shù)"

annotation(Dialog(tab="高級",group="流體參數(shù)"));

parameter

Reallambda_crit=100

"臨界流量數(shù)"

annotation(Dialog(tab="高級",group="流體參數(shù)"));endAnnularOrificeSpool;參數(shù)歸類方式：使用：annotation(Dialog(tab=“參數(shù)頁名”,group=“參數(shù)組名”))tab=“”表示將此參數(shù)放在具體參數(shù)頁group=“”表示將此參數(shù)放在具體參數(shù)組Dialog()使用：歸類參數(shù)使用前使用后1.參數(shù)面板設計choice()使用：增加下拉賦值選項modelChoice

parameter

Reala=1.5

annotation(choices(choice=1.1

"材料1",choice=1.2

"材料2"));

Realb;equation

b=a;endChoice;形式：annotation(choices(choice=數(shù)值1“備注1”，

choice=數(shù)值2“備注2”,…,choice=數(shù)值n“備注n”));說明：下拉選項可以添加多個使用choice后，參數(shù)仍然可以進行自定義賦值下拉選項只會顯示所寫備注1.參數(shù)面板設計目錄1.

參數(shù)面板設計2.圖標設計3.模型文檔設計4.動態(tài)顯示設計6.本章回顧5.文本其他注解modelTank"油箱"

annotation(Diagram(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},preserveAspectRatio=false,grid={2.0,2.0})),Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},preserveAspectRatio=false,grid={2.0,2.0}),graphics={Line(origin={0.0,0.0},points={{-40.0,20.0},{-40.0,-20.0},{40.0,-20.0},{40.0,20.0}},thickness=3.0),Line(origin={0.0,15.0},points={{0.0,-15.0},{0.0,15.0}},color={0,85,255},thickness=3.0),Text(origin={2.0,76.0},lineColor={0,85,255},extent={{-100.0,20.0},{100.0,-20.0}},textString="%name",fontName="TimesNewRoman",textStyle={TextStyle.None},textColor={0,85,255}),Line(origin={-20.0,50.0},points={{0.0,10.0},{0.0,-9.99999999999996}},thickness=2.0,arrow={Arrow.None,Arrow.Filled},arrowSize=10.0)}),Protection(access=Access.packageText));endTank;自動生成代碼相互關聯(lián)圖標層代碼層你在圖標層畫的每一筆，代碼層都用“小本本”記好了2.圖標設計coordinateSystem(圖層屬性)extent={{},{}}圖層大小preserveAspectRatio=true/false是否鎖定縱橫比grid={,}間距model

Icon

annotation(Icon(

coordinateSystem(extent={{-150.0,-100.0},{150.0,100.0}},preserveAspectRatio=false,grid={2.0,2.0})));end

Icon;圖層設置2.圖標設計graphics={…}圖形繪制Line(線屬性)origin={,}中心點坐標rotation旋轉角度points={{},…{}}線上點的坐標color顏色pattern線型thickness線寬arrow={,}起點終點是否有箭頭arrowSize箭頭尺寸smooth是否光滑__MWorks_Manhattanize是否保持橫平豎直圖形繪制modelIcon

annotation(Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},grid={2.0,2.0}),graphics={Line(origin={0.0,0.0},rotation=45.0,points={{-30.0,30.0},{30.0,30.0},{30.0,-30.0}},color={0,128,0},thickness=1.0,arrow={Arrow.Open,Arrow.Filled},arrowSize=5.0,smooth=Smooth.Bezier,__MWorks_Manhattanize=true)}));endIcon;2.圖標設計圖形繪制modelIcon

annotation(Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},grid={2.0,2.0}),graphics={Rectangle(origin={0.0,0.0},rotation=45.0,lineColor={128,0,0},fillColor={255,255,255},pattern=LinePattern.Dot,fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,lineThickness=2.0,extent={{-40.0,40.0},{40.0,-40.0}},radius=10.0)}));endIcon;graphics={…}圖形繪制Rectangle(矩形屬性)origin中心點坐標rotation旋轉角度lineColor輪廓顏色fillColor填充色pattern輪廓線型fillPattern填充樣式lineThickness輪廓線寬borderPattern效果extent矩形尺寸radius圓角半徑2.圖標設計圖形繪制modelIcon

annotation(Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},grid={2.0,2.0}),graphics={Ellipse(origin={0.0,0.0},lineColor={0,0,128},fillColor={255,255,255},pattern=LinePattern.DashDotDot,fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,lineThickness=2.0,extent={{-30.0,30.0},{30.0,-30.0}},startAngle=45.0,endAngle=135.0)}));endIcon;graphics={…}圖形繪制Ellipse(橢圓屬性)origin中心點坐標rotation旋轉角度lineColor輪廓顏色fillColor填充色pattern輪廓線型fillPattern填充樣式lineThickness輪廓線寬extent橢圓尺寸startAngle扇形起始角度endAngle扇形終止角度2.圖標設計圖形繪制modelIcon

annotation(Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},grid={2.0,2.0}),graphics={Polygon(origin={0.0,0.0},rotation=50.0,lineColor={128,0,128},fillColor={255,255,255},pattern=LinePattern.DashDot,fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,lineThickness=2.0,points={{-40.0,40.0},{-40.0,-40.0},{40.0,0.0}},smooth=Smooth.Bezier)}));endIcon;graphics={…}圖形繪制Polygon(多邊形屬性)origin中心點坐標rotation旋轉角度lineColor輪廓顏色fillColor填充色pattern輪廓線型fillPattern填充樣式lineThickness輪廓線寬points多邊形頂點smooth是否光滑2.圖標設計圖形繪制modelIcon

annotation(Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},grid={2.0,2.0}),graphics={Text(origin={0.0,0.0},lineColor={255,0,0},extent={{-57.00000000000001,33.5},{57.0,-33.5}},textString="HelloWorld",fontSize=20,fontName="Arial",textStyle={TextStyle.Bold,TextStyle.Italic},textColor={255,0,0})}));endIcon;graphics={…}圖形繪制Text(文本屬性)origin中心點坐標rotation旋轉角度extent文本大小textString文本內容fontSize字號fontName字體textStyle字形(加粗、斜體、下劃線)points多邊形頂點horizontalAlignment對齊(左對齊、居中、右對齊)2.圖標設計圖形繪制：特殊文字%參數(shù)名顯示對應的參數(shù)值%name顯示實例化組件名%class顯示類名%%顯示“%”2.圖標設計圖形繪制modelIcon

annotation(Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},grid={2.0,2.0}),graphics={Bitmap(origin={0.0,0.0},extent={{-67.0,-77.0},{67.0,77.0}},fileName="modelica://ModelicaGrammar/Resources/Icon/Mask_system.jpg")}));endIcon;graphics={…}圖形繪制Bitmap(圖片屬性)origin中心點坐標rotation旋轉角度extent圖片尺寸fileName圖片路徑注意：圖片路徑建議使用相對路徑。2.圖標設計目錄1.

參數(shù)面板設計2.圖標設計3.模型文檔設計4.動態(tài)顯示設計6.本章回顧5.文本其他注解3.模型文檔設計文檔查看頁面文檔編輯頁面blockAdd

annotation(Documentation(info="HTML代碼"));endAdd;自動生成代碼注意：只能編輯Information中的內容。好記性不如爛筆頭，別忘了給你的模型加一份說明文檔。目錄1.

參數(shù)面板設計2.圖標設計3.模型文檔設計4.動態(tài)顯示設計6.本章回顧5.文本其他注解4.動態(tài)顯示設計仿真不是目的，獲取仿真結果為我所用才是硬道理。MWorks.Sysplorer提供了3結果查看方式：曲線窗口3D動畫窗口2D動畫示意用annotation(……);做個動態(tài)顯示儀表，這樣才“配得上”你的仿真結果。4.動態(tài)顯示設計modelDynamicText

Realx=time*2;

annotation(

Diagram(coordinateSystem(

extent={{-150.0,-100.0},{150.0,100.0}},preserveAspectRatio=false,grid={2.0,2.0})),Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},preserveAspectRatio=false,grid={2.0,2.0}),graphics={Text(origin={0.0,0.0},extent={{-78.0,-51.0},{78.0,51.0}},textString="%x",fontSize=36,textStyle={TextStyle.None}),Rectangle(origin={0.0,0.0},fillColor={255,255,255},lineThickness=2.0,extent={{-83.0,26.0},{83.0,-26.0}})}));endDynamicText;實現(xiàn)方式：使用“%+變量名”4.動態(tài)顯示設計實現(xiàn)方式：使用“DynamicSelect(x,expr)”modelProgressBar

Reallevel=10*time;

Realpercent=1.25*level;

annotation(Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},grid={2.0,2.0}),graphics={Rectangle(origin={-100.0,-30.0},fillColor={0,255,0},fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,extent=DynamicSelect({{0,0},{0,60}},{{0,0},{level,60}})),Rectangle(origin={0.0,0.0},fillColor={255,255,255},extent={{-100.0,30.0},{100.0,-30.0}}),Text(origin={-41.0,49.0},extent={{-29.0,7.0},{29.0,-7.0}},textString=DynamicSelect("0",String(percent)),fontSize=20,textStyle={TextStyle.None},horizontalAlignment=TextAlignment.Right),Text(origin={6.0,49.0},extent={{-6.0,11.0},{6.0,-11.0}},textString="%%",fontSize=20,textStyle={TextStyle.None},horizontalAlignment=TextAlignment.Left)}));endProgressBar;x為默認初始值，及圖標默認狀態(tài)expr為仿真過程中圖標實時賦值，達到動態(tài)效果。x類型示例整型20布爾型False，True實型18.28字符串“ABC”數(shù)組構造{{0,0},{20,30}}expr類型示例一元表達式not二元表達式and、or、+、/、^、*if表達式ifconditionthenexpr1elseexpr2內置函數(shù)調用min、max、integer、String模型變量Real、Integer、Boolean、StringString類型的參量Stringx=“abc”或Stringx[2]={“a”,“b”}數(shù)組構造{{1,2},{4,5}}注意：x和expr用文本顯示時，必須為字符串。4.動態(tài)顯示設計實現(xiàn)方式：動態(tài)屬性語句modelDynamicFillColor

Realr=time*200;

Realg=255-r;

Realb=4*r;

annotation(Icon(graphics={Rectangle(extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},color={0,0,255},fillColor={255,255,255},fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,dynamicFillColorR=r,dynamicFillColorG=g,dynamicFillColorB=b)}));endDynamicFillColor;動態(tài)屬性示例使用對象dynamicFillColorR填充顏色R分量的動態(tài)值，有效取值范圍為0~255fillColordynamicFillColorG填充顏色G分量的動態(tài)值，有效取值范圍為0~255dynamicFillColorB填充顏色B分量的動態(tài)值，有效取值范圍為0~255dynamicFillPattern填充方式的動態(tài)值，取值為枚舉值。fillPatterndynamicLineColorR線條顏色R分量的動態(tài)值，有效取值范圍為0~255lineColordynamicLineColorG線條顏色G分量的動態(tài)值，有效取值范圍為0~255dynamicLineColorB線條顏色B分量的動態(tài)值，有效取值范圍為0~255dynamicLinePattern線條樣式的動態(tài)值，取值為枚舉值。linePatterndynamicWidth矩形、橢圓等圖形寬度的動態(tài)值extentdynamicHeight矩形、橢圓等圖形高度的動態(tài)值dynamicRotation旋轉角度的動態(tài)值rotationdynamicStartAngle扇形起始角度的動態(tài)值，僅用于橢圓startAngle目錄1.

參數(shù)面板設計2.圖標設計3.模型文檔設計4.動態(tài)顯示設計6.本章回顧5.文本其他注解5.文本其他注解標準庫版本引用packageversion_test

annotation(uses(Modelica(version="3.2")));endversion_test;在模型庫頂層package中添加Modelica標準庫版本引用打開模型庫仿真設置注解為模型設置合適仿真區(qū)間、輸出步長和積分算法。modelTestReala=sin(time);endTest;modelTest

Reala=sin(time);

annotation(experiment(Algorithm=Dassl,IntegratorStep=-1,Interval=0.002,StartTime=0,StopTime=5,Tolerance=0.0001));endTest;保存到模型的仿真設置成為默認仿真設置5.文本其他注解functionsin_cosinput

Realx;output

Realy;

annotation(derivative=sin_cos_d);algorithm

y:=sin(x)*cos(x);endsin_cos;默認名稱注解導函數(shù)注解自動關聯(lián)函數(shù)的導函數(shù)。modelEnvironment

parameter

Realk=1;

Modelica.SIunits.TemperatureT0;equation

T0=sin(k*time)+273.15;

annotation(defaultComponentName="environment",defaultComponentPrefixes="inner"

Icon(…));endEnvironment;實例化時自動添加組件屬性和名稱modelComponent

inner

ModelicaGrammar.Connector.Environmentenvironment;

Mode