PAGEPAGE7第19練世界與環境基礎鞏固Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theamountofwaterwhichissuitable____________(drink)islessandlessnow.2．Nowmoreandmorepeoplepaymoreattentiontohow________________(save)water.3．Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，itbecomesmoreimportant________________(protect)ourenvironment.4．InChinaalotofriversandlakesare________(serious)pollutedbysomefactories.5．Somewastewaterhasbeenpouredintoriversandlakes，________(kill)alargenumberoffish.6．Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment，theworld________________(become)muchmorebeautiful.7．Howtoprotectourenvironmenthasbeenoneofthemostdifficult________(problem)intheworld.8．Weshouldplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterand________(healthy)inthefuture.9．Itishightimethatthegovernment________________(take)somemeasurestoreducepollution.10._________thewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern.11．Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactories________(produce)harmfulgases.12．Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive________.13．Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostof________arebeyondourcontrol.14．Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicals________arepoisonoustohumanbeings.15．Nobodyknows________(exact)whyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.話題詞匯1．pollutionn．污染2．atmospheren．大氣，氣氛3．consequencen．結果，后果4．attachgreatimportanceto...非常重視……5．beawareof...意識到……6．damagev．毀壞7．makeadifference有影響8．environmentn．環境9．sufferv．受苦，遭遇10．causev．導致實力提升Ⅱ.閱讀理解A(2024·安徽皖北協作區聯考)Todaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern，rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea.Deforestation(森林濫伐)oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction，thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources，andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However，thisdestructioncanbeslowed，stopped，andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆轉)．Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved，butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic，political，andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.So，whatshouldbedone？Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical，notcompletelyidealisticanddependsondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(可持續的)useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests，effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelong-termbenefitstheycanprovideformankind.Historicapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed，asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions，closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoor，norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers.Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.16．Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests?A．Humans’destroyingthetrees.B．Carbonsinksbeingreduced.C．Lackingrenewableresources.D．Fencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests.17．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Tropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved.B．Rainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected.C．Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectontropicalrainforests.D．Economicreturnscanmakeadifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests.18．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection?A．Indifferent. B．Concerned.C．Doubtful. D．Puzzled.19．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation.B．Tostresstheimportanceoftherainforests.C．Toappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests.D．Tointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing.BForcenturies，elephantshaveplayedabigroleintheworld’seconomies，culturesandreligions.TheAfricanelephantsusedtobefoundalloverAfricaandtheAsianelephantsmovedfromSyriatoChinatoIndonesia.Nowadays，elephantsarefoundinsmallgroupsinthesouthoftheSaharaDesertandscarcelyinSoutheastAsia，SriLankaandIndia.Intheearlytwentiethcentury，therewereclosetotenmillionelephants，andnowtheelephantnumberisaslowas252,000andexpectedtodropdownto160,000by2025.Between2007and2014，theelephantpopulationfellbyatleast30%，or144,000elephants.AsresearchershavetraveledovertheAfricanplains，theyonlyspottedoneherdof36elephantsinanarealikethesizeofMexico.Itisclearthatthesegentlemammalsaredisappearingrightbeforeoureyes.Therearemanyreasonswhytheelephantpopulationhasbeendecreasing，oneofwhichistheirhabitat.Humansarecompetingwithelephantsforlivingspace，andasmoreandmorehumansclearthelandthatisbeingusedbyelephants，theelephantshavelessspace.Elephanthuntingor“poaching”hasbeenamajorfactorforthedisappearanceofthisspecies，andtheyarekilledonlyfortheirvaluableivorytusks.Althoughthetradeoftusksisillegal，itisstillacommonpracticeinmanyplaces.Often，allthelocalpeoplelivingamongelephantswouldbefarmers，andfoundthattheycouldmakemoremoneybysellingthetusksofoneelephantthandoingmanuallaborfortwelveyears.Thatalonemakesitreallyhardtopreventthemfromkillingtheelephants.SomeplacessuchasBotswana，haveputinextraefforttoprotecttheirwildlifefrompoachersbyfoundingtheirBotswanaDefenseForce，whichismadeupofaround700specially-trainedsoldiersthatarestationedin40differentareas.Youmayfeelworriedaboutthepresentsituationselephantsarein，buttherearewaystohelp.Tofindouthowyoucanhelpelephantconservation，adoptanelephant，ordonate，clickhere.20．ThenumberslistedinParagraph2showthat________.A．humansdon’tcareforelephantsB．elephantshavebeennexttoextinctionC．elephantshavebecomegentlerthanbeforeD．elephantshavegainedmoreattention21．Whatisthebiggestfactorforthedisappearingelephants?A．Lessspace. B．Alackoffood.C．Sufferingfromadisease. D．Elephanthunting.22．Whyisithardtobankillingtheelephantsamongthefarmers?A．Theirtusksareprofitable.B．Elephantsaredestroyingtheirfieldscruelly.C．Farmershopetomakealivingbysellingtheirmeat.D．Farmerspracticetheirhuntingskillsbykillingelephants.23．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Topersuadereaderstomakeadonation.B．Toguidereadershowtoprotectelephants.C．Toencouragereaderstohelpprotectelephants.D．Tointroducethedecreasingnumberofelephants.Ⅲ.七選五It’seasytospotsignsofphysicalsuffering，butmuchemotionalpaincanbeeasilymasked.__24__“Wedon’ttendtohaveconversationsaboutmentalwell-being，”saysDrBarbaraVanDahlen，aclinicpsychologist.“Simplyaskingsomeone‘Howareyou’mayjustget‘Fine，thankyou’，”saysVanDahlen.“It’simportanttobeawareofwhatcouldleadtosomebodyneedinghelpthey’reafraidtoaskfor，”sheadds.Thefollowingarefoursignsafriendmightneedhelp.?__25__Ifyousensesomethingdifferentaboutthewayyourfriendisacting—maybehe’snotsmilingmuchthesedays，forinstance—trustyourfeelingsandreachout.“Trysaying，‘Iseethesethings.Icareaboutyou.CanIbeofhelp？’”VanDahlensays.?He’sunusuallyunhappyorannoyed.__26__“Itmaytakemorethanonetimetofollowupifyou’retalkingtosomeonewhoisupset，”VanDahlensays，“butifafriendrespondswithanger，thatcouldmeanyou’reontosomething.”?He’slessputtogetherthanusual.Drinkingmoreandignoringpersonalhygiene(衛生)canbesignsthatsomeoneisintrouble.Don’tconsiderthesebehaviorsarenothing.__27__Heseemsoverwhelmed(壓倒)bylife.Nooneishappyallthetime，butifyouronceoptimisticfriendcan’tfindanythingtobehopefulabout，hemaybehavingthoughtsofworthlessness，sadnessandsomethingnegative.“__28__”saysVanDahlen，“sothatmorepeoplecangetthehelptheyneed.”A．He’sactingabitmorewithdrawn.B．Hedoesn’tseemlikehimselflately.C．Insteadtreatthemasasigntocareforyourfriend.D．Gettingangryquicklyandeasilycanbeasignthatsomethingiswrong.E．It’saconstantefforttobringintotheopendiscussionsaboutmentalhealth.F．Manypeopleavoidtalkingaboutitnomatterhowclosetheyaretosomeone.G．Wewantpeopletogetcomfortablebeingmoreopenanddiscussingmentalhealth.

答案精析話題練Ⅰ.1.blems8.healthier9.shouldtake/took10.Oducing12.on13.which14.which/that15.exactlyⅡ.語篇解讀如今，熱帶雨林正面臨嚴峻的生存危機，為世界敲響了環保警鐘。人類應實行更加實際、有效的措施來愛護熱帶雨林。16．A[細微環節理解題。依據其次段中的“Deforestation(森林濫伐)oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction”可知，人類對熱帶雨林的濫砍濫伐導致熱帶雨林一些物種的滅亡。故選A。]17．D[推理推斷題。依據其次段最終一句“Economic，political，andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.”可推知經濟效益對愛護熱帶雨林有肯定影響。故選D。]18．B[觀點看法題。依據其次段和第四段的內容可知，作者講解并描述了熱帶雨林正在消逝的現狀并提出了一些愛護措施已經無效的問題。由此可以推斷出作者對熱帶雨林愛護持擔憂的看法。故選B。]19．C[寫作目的題。通讀全文并依據最終兩段可知，作者認為傳統的愛護熱帶雨林的方法無效，呼吁大家共享合適的愛護措施。故選C。]語篇解讀本文主要講了大象在經濟、文化和宗教上都起了很重要的作用，而現在由于種種緣由，大象的數量在急劇削減。作者在這里呼吁人們愛護野生大象。20．B[推理推斷題。依據其次段的數據252000,160000,144000,36可知，大象的數量在不斷地削減，所以它們有面臨滅亡的危急。故選B。]21．