輪對(duì)檢查器與技術(shù)測(cè)量WheelsetCheckerandTechnicalmeasurements一、第四種檢查器Thefourthchecker在車輪檢查工作中，常用的車輪檢查器有第四種檢查器、車輪直徑檢查尺、輪對(duì)內(nèi)側(cè)距離檢查尺、輪緣垂直磨耗檢查器、輪輞厚度檢查器、軸肩弧度半徑檢查樣板等。Inthewheelinspectionwork,thecommonlyusedwheelcheckersarethefourthchecker,wheeldiameterinspectionruler,Insidedistancecheckerforwheelsets,verticalwearcheckerforwheelflanges,thicknesscheckerforrims,radiuscheckerforshoulderradii,etc.第四種檢查器是在第三種檢查器基礎(chǔ)上，改進(jìn)研制而成的。于1999年1月1日起正式使用，成為我國(guó)鐵路車輛輪對(duì)第三代檢測(cè)工具。包含第三種檢查器的全部功能，從只能夠測(cè)量六個(gè)部位的尺寸限度，增加到能測(cè)九個(gè)部位的尺寸限度。Thefourthcheckerisbasedonthethirdchecker,improvedanddeveloped.InJanuary1,1999fromtheofficialuseofChina'srailroadvehiclewheelsetthird-generationinspectiontools.Containingallthefunctionsofthethirdtypeofinspector,fromonlybeingabletomeasurethesizelimitsofsixparts,increasedtobeabletomeasurethesizelimitsofnineparts.主要特點(diǎn)是：能夠與國(guó)際接軌，改變了過(guò)去輪緣厚度以輪緣頂點(diǎn)為基準(zhǔn)的測(cè)量方法，改為以車輪踏面滾動(dòng)圓為基點(diǎn)測(cè)量輪緣厚度。輪緣厚度測(cè)點(diǎn)始終在踏面滾動(dòng)圓上12mm處，不會(huì)因踏面磨耗而變化，使輪緣厚度的測(cè)量更具合理。Themainfeaturesare:tobeabletomeetinternationalstandards,changedthepastwheelflangethicknesstotheapexofthewheelflangeasthereferencemeasurementmethod,changedtotherollingcircleofthewheeltreadasthebasepointtomeasurethewheelflangethickness.Themeasuringpointofwheelflangethicknessisalwaysat12mmontherollingcircleofthetread,whichwillnotbechangedduetothewearofthetread,makingthemeasurementofwheelflangethicknessmorereasonable.一、第四種檢查器ThefourthcheckerLLJ-4A型第四種檢查器（正面）第四種檢查器功能Thefunctionoffourthchecker：1.踏面圓周磨耗treadcircumferencewear2.輪緣厚度rimthickness3.輪緣垂直磨耗rimverticalwear4.輪緣高度rimheight5.輪輞厚度rimthickness6.輪輞寬度rimwidth7.車輪外側(cè)碾寬wheelouterrollwidth8.踏面擦傷/剝離深度treadabrasion/strippingdepth9.踏面擦傷/剝離長(zhǎng)度treadabrasion/strippinglength10.鉤舌鉤腕內(nèi)側(cè)距theinsidedistanceofthehooktongueandwrist一、第四種檢查器Thefourthchecker一、第四種檢查器Thefourthchecker1.踏面圓周磨耗的測(cè)量。

Measurementoftreadcircumferencewear.檢查第四種檢查器零件是否齊全，有無(wú)破損，有無(wú)誤差，游標(biāo)移動(dòng)是否順暢。Checkwhetherthepartsofthefourthcheckerarecomplete,damaged,accurate,andwhethertheverniermovessmoothly.

已對(duì)齊調(diào)整游標(biāo)到正確測(cè)量踏面圓周磨耗位置：70mm處。準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)始測(cè)量。Adjusttheverniertothecorrectmeasuringtreadcircumferencewearposition:70mm

andthenthemeasurementcanbegin.使檢查器緊貼車輪內(nèi)測(cè)面，并與車軸中心線垂直Makethecheckerrimthicknessruleclosetotheinnermeasuringsurfaceoftherimandperpendiculartothecenterlineoftheaxle.將調(diào)整好的檢查器放到要測(cè)量的車輪上。Placetheadjustedinspectoronthewheeltobemeasured.移動(dòng)縱向游標(biāo)使其與踏面密貼，并讀出測(cè)量數(shù)值移動(dòng)橫向游標(biāo)使其與輪緣密貼，讀出測(cè)量數(shù)值

2.輪緣厚度、3.輪緣垂直磨耗的測(cè)量2.Measurementofrimthickness,3.Measurementofrimverticalwear刻度的讀法Readingofthescale4.輪緣高度的測(cè)量。Measurementofrimheight標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輪緣高度（27mm）加上踏面圓周磨耗正、負(fù)數(shù)值，即為實(shí)際輪緣高度數(shù)值。Thestandardrimheight(27mm)plusthepositiveandnegativevaluesoftreadcircumferenceweararetheactualrimheightvalues.例如：測(cè)量踏面圓周磨耗為－3.4mm,則輪緣高度為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輪緣高度27+（－3.4）＝23.6mm。Forexample,ifthemeasuredtreadcircumferencewearis-3.4mm,therimheightisthestandardrimheight27+(-3.4)=23.6mm.5.輪輞厚度的測(cè)量。將檢查器置于車輪上，同輪緣頂部和輪輞內(nèi)側(cè)面靠緊，從輪輞厚度測(cè)尺與輪輞內(nèi)徑密貼處讀出數(shù)值，讀取的數(shù)值減去踏面圓周磨耗值，才為輪輞厚度值。5.Measurementofrimthickness.Putthecheckeronthewheel,closetothetopoftherimandtheinsidesideoftherim,readthevaluefromtherimthicknessruleandtheinnerdiameteroftherim,subtractthevalueoftreadcircumferencewear,therimthicknessvalue.測(cè)量輪輞厚度數(shù)值6.輪輞寬度的測(cè)量。將踏面圓周磨耗尺框推向右側(cè)，使踏面圓周磨耗測(cè)尺的測(cè)頭緊靠（或指向）車輪外側(cè)面。如果踏面有碾寬，應(yīng)減去踏面碾寬數(shù)值，即為輪輞實(shí)際寬度。Measurementofrimwidth.Pushthetreadcircumferencewearruleframetotherightsothattheprobeofthetreadcircumferencewearruleisclosetotheoutersideofthewheel.Ifthetreadhasrollingwidth,thetreadrollingwidthvalueshouldbesubtracted,thatis,theactualrimwidth.7.踏面擦傷或剝離深度測(cè)量7.Measurementoftreadabrasion/strippingdepth此處擦傷首先，多次測(cè)量找到擦傷或凹陷最深處，讀出測(cè)量數(shù)值并鎖緊橫向游標(biāo)First,makemultiplemeasurementstofindthedeepestscrapeordent,readoutthemeasurementvalueandlockthehorizontalvernier.鎖緊其次，在擦傷最深處的圓周方向上移動(dòng)第四種檢查器到車輪踏面無(wú)擦傷位置進(jìn)行測(cè)量（不少于3次）取平均值。Secondly,thefourthcheckerismovedinthecirculardirectionofthedeepestabrasiontothenon-abrasionpositionofthewheeltreadformeasurement(notlessthan3times)toobtaintheaveragevalue.兩者的差值就是擦傷深度。Thedifferencebetweenthemisthedepthoftheabrasion.8.踏面擦傷或剝離長(zhǎng)度的測(cè)量。用輪輞厚度測(cè)尺的外刻線，沿車輪圓周方向測(cè)量擦傷部位的長(zhǎng)度，即為踏面擦傷長(zhǎng)度。8.Measurementoftreadabrasion/strippinglength.Measurethelengthofthescuffedareaalongthecircumferenceofthewheelusingtheouterscribelineoftherimthicknessgauge,i.e.,thelengthofthetreadscuff.9.車輪外側(cè)碾寬的測(cè)量。將踏面圓周磨耗尺框推向右側(cè)，使踏面圓周磨耗測(cè)尺的測(cè)頭貼靠(或指向)車輪外。用平尺接觸輪輞外側(cè)面，車輪外側(cè)碾寬數(shù)值即為踏面圓周磨耗測(cè)尺3測(cè)頭對(duì)應(yīng)的刻度線。9.Measurementofouterwheelwidth.Pushtheframeofthetreadcircumferentialabrasiongaugetotheright,sothattheprobeofthetreadcircumferentialabrasiongaugeiscloseto(orpointingto)theoutsideofthewheel.Contacttheoutersideoftherimwithaflatruler,thevalueoftheoutergrindingwidthofthewheelisthetreadcircumferentialwearmeasuringtape3probecorrespondingtothescaleline.二、車輪直徑檢查尺Wheeldiameterinspectionruler尺架右主尺左主尺左定位板固定測(cè)頭左尺框右主尺右定位板固定測(cè)頭螺母二、車輪直徑檢查尺Wheeldiameterinspectionruler同一車輪須檢查3次，其最大與最小之差，即為車輪直徑差。Thesamewheelshallbeinspectedthreetimes,andthedifferencebetweenitsmaximumandminimumshallbethedifferenceinwheeldiameter.三、輪對(duì)內(nèi)測(cè)距離檢查尺

Wheelsetinternalmeasurementdistancecheckingruler將定位鉤放在車輪輪緣上,將輪對(duì)內(nèi)距尺的固定測(cè)頭和活動(dòng)測(cè)頭靠在被測(cè)車輪內(nèi)側(cè),擺動(dòng)輪對(duì)內(nèi)矩尺活動(dòng)測(cè)頭,尋找讀數(shù)拐點(diǎn),即讀數(shù)最小值，當(dāng)讀數(shù)為最小值時(shí),該讀數(shù)即為被測(cè)輪對(duì)內(nèi)側(cè)距離。測(cè)量時(shí)，需沿車輪圓周方向每120度測(cè)一次，共測(cè)量3次。Placethepositioninghookon