新仁愛科普版七下英語第11單元【Unit11RulesMatter!】知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)主要單詞1.rule/ru?l/n.規(guī)則；統(tǒng)治2.matter/?m?t?(r)/n.事情；物質(zhì)；v.要緊；有關(guān)系3.important/?m?p??tnt/adj.重要的4.follow/?f?l??/v.跟隨；遵守5.obey/??be?/v.服從；遵守6.sign/sa?n/n.標(biāo)志；符號(hào)；v.簽名7.traffic/?tr?f?k/n.交通8.light/la?t/n.燈；光；adj.輕的9.cross/kr?s/v.穿過；十字形的10.road/r??d/n.路；公路11.sidewalk/?sa?dw??k/n.人行道12.pedestrian/p??destr??n/n.行人13.zebra/?zebr?/n.斑馬（此處指斑馬線）14.crossing/?kr?s??/n.十字路口；穿越15.signal/?s?ɡn?l/n.信號(hào)；v.發(fā)信號(hào)16.stop/st?p/v./n.停止17.wait/we?t/v.等待18.lookout/l?ka?t/小心；留神19.library/?la?br?ri/n.圖書館20.quiet/?kwa??t/adj.安靜的21.shout/?a?t/v.大喊；呼喊22.run/r?n/v.跑；運(yùn)營23.eat/i?t/v.吃24.drink/dr??k/v./n.喝；飲料25.talk/t??k/v.談話；討論26.sleep/sli?p/v./n.睡覺27.study/?st?di/v./n.學(xué)習(xí)；研究28.classroom/?klɑ?sr?m/n.教室29.hallway/?h??lwe?/n.走廊；大廳30.loudly/?la?dli/adv.大聲地31.fight/fa?t/v./n.打架；斗爭(zhēng)32.cheat/t?i?t/v.欺騙；作弊33.steal/sti?l/v.偷竊34.smoke/sm??k/v./n.吸煙；煙35.restaurant/?restr?nt/n.餐館；飯店36.kitchen/?k?t??n/n.廚房37.bathroom/?bɑ?θru?m/n.浴室；衛(wèi)生間38.bedroom/?bedru?m/n.臥室39.livingroom/?l?v??ru?m/n.客廳40.dirty/?d??ti/adj.臟的41.cleanup清理；打掃干凈42.laundry/?l??ndri/n.洗衣物；洗衣房43.chore/t???(r)/n.家務(wù)雜事44.takeout拿出；去掉；帶出去（吃飯）45.trash/tr??/n.垃圾；廢物桶46.recyclebin回收箱47.curfew/?k??fju?/n.宵禁；限時(shí)規(guī)定48.bedtime/?bedta?m/n.睡覺時(shí)間49.curiosity/?kj??ri??s?ti/n.好奇心50.respect/r??spekt/v./n.尊重；尊敬51.punishment/?p?n??m?nt/n.懲罰52.discipline/?d?s?pl?n/n.紀(jì)律；訓(xùn)練53.obedience/???bi?di?ns/n.服從；順從54.authority/???θ?r?ti/n.權(quán)威；當(dāng)局55.enforce/?n?f??s/v.執(zhí)行；實(shí)施56.violate/?va??le?t/v.違反；侵犯57.consequence/?k?ns?kw?ns/n.結(jié)果；后果58.understand/??nd??st?nd/v.理解；明白59.importance/?m?p??tns/n.重要性60.compliance/k?m?pla??ns/n.遵守；順從二、主要短語1.followtherules遵守規(guī)則2.breaktherules違反規(guī)則3.makerules制定規(guī)則4.enforcerules執(zhí)行規(guī)則5.importanceofrules規(guī)則的重要性6.schoolrules校規(guī)7.familyrules家規(guī)8.trafficrules交通規(guī)則9.safetyrules安全規(guī)則10.obeythelaw遵守法律11.bepunishedforbreakingrules因違規(guī)受罰12.setagoodexample樹立榜樣13.respectothers'rights尊重他人權(quán)利14.publicorder公共秩序15.socialnorms社會(huì)規(guī)范16.nosmokingzone禁煙區(qū)17.speedlimit限速18.keepquiet保持安靜19.nolittering禁止亂扔垃圾20.queueup排隊(duì)21.waitinline排隊(duì)等候22.followinstructions遵循指示23.wearuniforms穿校服24.curfewtime宵禁時(shí)間25.timelimits時(shí)間限制26.noparkingzone禁停區(qū)27.givewaytopedestrians讓行人先行28.usehandsignals打手勢(shì)29.staywithinboundaries保持在界限內(nèi)30.adheretoprotocols遵守規(guī)程31.penaltyforviolation違規(guī)處罰32.ruleviolations違規(guī)行為33.understandtheconsequences了解后果34.promotediscipline提倡紀(jì)律35.ensuresafety確保安全36.awarenessofrules規(guī)則意識(shí)37.teachrules教育規(guī)則38.monitorcompliance監(jiān)督遵守情況39.adjustrules調(diào)整規(guī)則40.fairandreasonablerules公平合理的規(guī)則三、主要句子1.陳述規(guī)則的存在-Therearerulesineveryaspectofourlives.-我們的生活中處處都有規(guī)則。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)遵守規(guī)則的重要性-It'simportanttofollowtherules.-遵守規(guī)則很重要。3.描述違反規(guī)則的后果-Ifyoubreaktherules,youwillfaceconsequences.-如果你違反規(guī)則，你會(huì)面臨后果。4.詢問對(duì)規(guī)則的理解-Doyouunderstandtherules?-你理解這些規(guī)則嗎？5.表達(dá)遵守規(guī)則的決心-Ipromisetoobeyalltherules.-我保證遵守所有規(guī)則。6.列舉具體的規(guī)則-Oneoftherulesistokeepquietinthelibrary.-其中一條規(guī)則是在圖書館里保持安靜。7.詢問規(guī)則的制定者-Whomakestheserules?-這些規(guī)則是誰制定的？8.討論規(guī)則的目的-Thepurposeoftheserulesistoensuresafety.-這些規(guī)則的目的是確保安全。9.表達(dá)對(duì)規(guī)則的不滿-Idon'tagreewiththisrule.-我不同意這條規(guī)則。10.提出修改規(guī)則的建議-Maybeweshouldchangethisruletomakeitfairer.-也許我們應(yīng)該修改這條規(guī)則，使其更公平。11.詢問規(guī)則的具體內(nèi)容-Whatdoesthisrulesayexactly?-這條規(guī)則具體說了什么？12.描述規(guī)則的執(zhí)行情況-Theteachersenforcetherulesstrictlyinourschool.-我們學(xué)校的老師嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行規(guī)則。13.表達(dá)遵守規(guī)則帶來的好處-Followingtheruleshelpsusliveinharmony.-遵守規(guī)則有助于我們和諧共處。14.用條件句表達(dá)規(guī)則-Ifyouwanttostayintheteam,youhavetofollowtherules.-如果你想留在團(tuán)隊(duì)里，你必須遵守規(guī)則。15.詢問對(duì)違規(guī)行為的看法-Whatdoyouthinkaboutpeoplewhobreaktherules?-你對(duì)違反規(guī)則的人怎么看？16.表達(dá)對(duì)不遵守規(guī)則行為的擔(dān)憂-I'mworriedaboutwhatwillhappenifpeopledon'tfollowtherules.-我擔(dān)心如果人們不遵守規(guī)則會(huì)發(fā)生什么。17.用比較級(jí)強(qiáng)調(diào)規(guī)則的重要性-Followingrulesisevenmoreimportantthanwinning.-遵守規(guī)則甚至比獲勝更重要。18.用反義疑問句強(qiáng)調(diào)規(guī)則-Isn'titimportanttofollowtherules?-遵守規(guī)則不是很重要嗎？19.描述規(guī)則對(duì)個(gè)人的影響-Theseruleshavehelpedmebecomeamoredisciplinedperson.-這些規(guī)則幫助我成為了一個(gè)更有紀(jì)律的人。20.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)描述正在遵守規(guī)則-I'malwaysfollowingtheruleswhenI'matschool.-我在學(xué)校時(shí)總是遵守規(guī)則。21.用過去式描述過去的違規(guī)行為-Ibroketheruleyesterdayandgotawarning.-我昨天違反了規(guī)則，并得到了警告。22.用將來時(shí)表達(dá)遵守規(guī)則的意圖-Iwillmakesuretofollowalltherulesnexttime.-我下次一定會(huì)確保遵守所有規(guī)則。23.用被動(dòng)語態(tài)描述規(guī)則的制定-Therulesaremadebytheschoolboard.-這些規(guī)則是由學(xué)校董事會(huì)制定的。24.用“Itissaidthat...”結(jié)構(gòu)描述規(guī)則-Itissaidthatnewruleswillbeintroducednextsemester.-據(jù)說下學(xué)期將引入新規(guī)則。25.用“Thereisnodoubtthat...”結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)規(guī)則的重要性-Thereisnodoubtthatrulesplayacrucialroleinourlives.-毫無疑問，規(guī)則在我們的生活中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。26.用“Inorderto...”結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)遵守規(guī)則的目的-Inordertokeeptheenvironmentclean,wehavetofollowtherecyclingrules.-為了保持環(huán)境清潔，我們必須遵守回收規(guī)則。27.用“Asaresultof...”結(jié)構(gòu)描述違反規(guī)則的結(jié)果-Asaresultofbreakingthecurfew,Ihadtofaceseriousconsequences.-由于違反了宵禁，我不得不面對(duì)嚴(yán)重的后果。28.用“Despite...”結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)盡管有規(guī)則但仍違規(guī)-Despiteknowingtherules,somestudentsstillcheatonexams.-盡管知道規(guī)則，有些學(xué)生仍然考試作弊。29.用“Notonly...butalso...”結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)規(guī)則的多重影響-Notonlydoruleskeepussafe,buttheyalsoteachusdiscipline.-規(guī)則不僅保護(hù)我們的安全，還教會(huì)我們紀(jì)律。30.用“Whether...or...”結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)無論何種情況都要遵守規(guī)則-Whetherit'satschoolorathome,wehavetofollowrules.-無論是在學(xué)校還是在家里，我們都必須遵守規(guī)則。31.用“It'suptousto...”結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)個(gè)人在遵守規(guī)則中的責(zé)任-It'suptoustomakesurewefollowtherulesandsetagoodexampleforothers.-我們有責(zé)任確保自己遵守規(guī)則，并為他人樹立一個(gè)好榜樣。32.表達(dá)規(guī)則對(duì)個(gè)人成長的積極影響-Theruleshaveshapedmeintoamoreresponsibleperson.-這些規(guī)則使我成為了一個(gè)更有責(zé)任感的人。33.討論規(guī)則在不同文化中的差異-Rulescanvarygreatlyfromculturetoculture.-規(guī)則在不同文化中可能有很大差異。34.用“It’simportantforsb.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人遵守規(guī)則的重要性-It’simportantforeveryonetorespectandfollowtherulesinpublicplaces.-每個(gè)人在公共場(chǎng)所尊重和遵守規(guī)則都很重要。35.詢問對(duì)特定規(guī)則的看法-Whatdoyouthinkaboutthedresscoderuleinourschool?-你對(duì)我們學(xué)校的著裝規(guī)定怎么看？36.表達(dá)規(guī)則對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的重要性-Rulesensurethateveryoneintheteamknowstheirresponsibilitiesandworkstogethereffectively.-規(guī)則確保團(tuán)隊(duì)中的每個(gè)人都知道自己的責(zé)任，并能有效地合作。37.用“Incaseof...”結(jié)構(gòu)描述緊急情況下的規(guī)則-Incaseofafire,wemustfollowtheemergencyexitrules.-萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，我們必須遵守緊急出口規(guī)則。38.表達(dá)規(guī)則對(duì)維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序的作用-Ruleshelpmaintainsocialorderandpreventchaos.-規(guī)則有助于維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序，防止混亂。39.討論規(guī)則的變化與適應(yīng)性-Rulesneedtobeflexibleandadaptabletochangingcircumstances.-規(guī)則需要靈活且能夠適應(yīng)不斷變化的情況。40.用“Without...”結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)規(guī)則缺失的后果-Withoutrules,societywoulddescendintoanarchy.-如果沒有規(guī)則，社會(huì)將陷入無政府狀態(tài)。四、本單元語法點(diǎn)本單元語法一個(gè)是反身代詞的用法，一個(gè)是must/mustn’t、should/shouldn’t用法反身代詞反身代詞用來指代句子主語本身。它們通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作是由主語自己完成的，或者表示主語與動(dòng)作之間的直接關(guān)系。一）形式反身代詞的人稱和數(shù)要與句子中的主語保持一致。它們的基本形式如下：-第一人稱單數(shù)：myself（我自己）-第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)：ourselves（我們自己）-第二人稱單數(shù)及復(fù)數(shù)：yourself（你自己），yourselves（你們自己）-第三人稱單數(shù)：himself（他自己），herself（她自己），itself（它自己）-第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)：themselves（他們自己/她們自己/它們自己）二）用法1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：反身代詞常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作是由主語自己完成的，而不是由其他人或物完成的。-例句：Icookedthemealmyself.（我自己做了這頓飯。）-例句：Theypreparedthepresentsthemselves.（他們自己準(zhǔn)備了禮物。）Mygrandmotheristoooldtolookafterherself.我奶奶年紀(jì)太大了，照顧不了她自己。2.表示主語與動(dòng)作之間的直接關(guān)系：當(dāng)主語和動(dòng)作之間存在直接的關(guān)系時(shí)，也常用反身代詞。-例句：Shedressedherselffortheparty.（她為自己打扮了一番去參加派對(duì)。）-例句：Thecatwasheditself.（貓洗了澡。）在句中作名詞或代詞的同位語，用來加強(qiáng)語氣，常可譯為“親自”、“本人”等。在這種情況下，反身代詞可以緊跟名詞或代詞之后，也可以放到句末。例如：Weourselveswillbuildthefactory.我們將自己建造這個(gè)工廠。Hespoketomemyself.他對(duì)我本人說話。3.用于固定短語中：反身代詞還常出現(xiàn)在一些固定短語中，如“enjoyoneself”（玩得開心），“helponeselfto”（隨便吃/喝），“byoneself”（獨(dú)自地）等。-例句：Wehadagreattimeandenjoyedourselves.（我們玩得很開心。）-例句：Pleasehelpyourselftosomecake.（請(qǐng)隨便吃點(diǎn)蛋糕。）-例句：Helikestoreadbyhimself.（他喜歡獨(dú)自閱讀。）反身代詞在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中可構(gòu)成許多常用詞組。例如：byoneself親自foroneself為自己calloneself稱自己teachoneself自學(xué)helponeselfto隨意吃loseoneself迷路speaktooneself自言自語seatoneself就座makeoneselfunderstood讓別人懂得自己的意思三）注意事項(xiàng)1.反身代詞不能單獨(dú)使用：反身代詞通常不能單獨(dú)作為句子的主語或賓語，而是需要與其他詞一起使用，形成完整的句子成分。2.避免與“one's”混淆：“one's”是名詞所有格的一種形式，表示“某人的”，而反身代詞則表示“某人自己”。在使用時(shí)要根據(jù)語境仔細(xì)區(qū)分。3.在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中避免使用：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中，通常不使用反身代詞，因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)已經(jīng)隱含了動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是句子的主語。Must/Mustn't、Should/Shouldn't用法Must/Mustn'tMust表示“必須”、“一定”，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)責(zé)任、義務(wù)或必要性，通常帶有強(qiáng)烈的語氣。例句：1.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougoouttoplay.-你必須在出去玩之前完成家庭作業(yè)。2.Youmustwearaseatbeltwhenyou'reinacar.-你在車?yán)飼r(shí)必須系安全帶。3.Wemustarriveattheairporttwohoursbeforetheflight.-我們必須在飛機(jī)起飛前兩小時(shí)到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)。Mustn't是must的否定形式，表示“禁止”、“不允許”，帶有強(qiáng)烈的禁止語氣。例句：1.Youmustn'tsmokeinthelibrary.-你不能在圖書館