牛津譯林版高中英語選擇性必修一課件Unit3BacktothepastReading33制作者：桂東一中李宇平◆內容分析【What】本板塊語篇的話題為“海上航行”。兩篇歷史文章圍繞“海上航行”這一話題展開，分別介紹了明朝航海家鄭和七下西洋的故事以及意大利航海家哥倫布發現新大陸的相關情況。【Why】本文通過對兩位航海家的相關介紹，引導我們關注歷史人物，分析歷史事件，促進人文素養的提升；同時，了解中國對外的積極影響，感悟中華文明在世界歷史中的重要地位，增強民族自豪感。

【How】本文的語篇類型為說明文。文章結構分明，條理清晰，邏輯縝密，語言精煉。文章按照時間發展順序展開論述，主題突出，內容詳實，評價中肯。第一篇文章以鄭和首次遠航開篇，重點強調第一次航行的規模之大，突出中國古代先進的航海和造船技術。第二篇文章聚焦哥倫布第一次航海過程中遇到的挑戰，體現哥倫布作為航海家敢于冒險和勇擔責任的優秀品質。文章運用各類事實信息，增強了論述的說服力。◆?教學目標Bytheendofthissection,wewillbeableto:1.graspbasicinformationofthetwoexplorersandtheirachievements;2.makeacomparisonbetweenthetwoexplorers;3.identifytypicalfeaturesofthehistoricalarticle;4.usefactstoillustratepointsofview;5.understandthespiritofexplorationanddemonstratethisspiritinyourdailylives;6.cultivateastrongsenseofnationalpride.Explorershaveplayedanimportantroleinworldhistory.TheirdiscoverieshaveimprovedourknowledgeoftheEarthandhavealsochangedthewayweunderstandourplaceintheworld.Thehistoricalarticlesbelowareaboutthevoyagesoftwofamousexplorers.Beforeyoureadthearticles,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:place(insth)身份；地位；資格Myfatherbelievedthatpeopleshouldknowtheirplace.我父親認為，人應該安分守己。1.Whatdangersdidexplorersfaceinthepast?

Inthepast,beforemoderntechnologieswereinvented,explorersmainlytravelledbyshipandonfoot,ortheyusedanimalstogetaround.TheydidnothaveGPSandmanymedicaltreatmentsfordiseaseswerenotyetdiscovered.Becauseofthelackoftheseinventionsanddiscoveries,journeysofexplorationwouldtakealongtimeandconditionswereveryunhealthyandunsafe.Manyexplorerswouldgetextremelyillanddiefromdiseases.Theywouldalsogetlostindangerousenvironments,likeatseaorinthejungles.getaround傳播；流傳；各處走動;成功地對付；解決；克服

2.Whatarethepossiblerequirementsforbecominganexplorer?

Tobecomeanexplorer,Ithinkapersonneedstobebrave,smartandindependent.First,beingbraveisarequirementbecausewhenyouexplore,youmaymeetdanger,andinthatcaseyouneedtoremaincalmandclear-headed.Second,asmartpersonismorelikelytobegoodatproblem-solvingandthisisanecessitywhenonestepsoutintotheunknown.Finally,anindependentpersonwillcopebetterwithdifficultsituationsfarawayfromhome.Also,independentpeopletendtobecuriousandhaveadesiretoexplorenewplaces,meetnewpeopleanddiscovernewthings./n??ses?ti/Sailingtheoceans碧海遠航ZhengHeInthesummerof1405,ZhengHe,oneofChina’sgreatestexplorers,setsailfromTaicangonhisfirstvoyage.Afleetofover200shipsnavigatedtheblueseas,withalmost28,000peopleonboard,whichwasasplendidscene.1405年夏，中國一位最偉大的探險家鄭和從太倉起錨，開啟了他的首次遠航。其船隊有船200余艘，載著近兩萬八千人，在碧海上乘風破浪，場面極其壯觀。navigate航行；航海；橫渡Itwouldtake500yearsbeforealargerfleetsailedtheseas.Accordingtosomerecords,thelargestshipswereover140metresinlength,demonstratingtheadvancedtechnologyandspecialskillsusedinconstructingships.

規模更大的航海船隊要到500年后才出現。據史料記載，鄭和船隊最大的船長逾140米，可知其造船技術之高超，工藝之獨特。1405至1433年間，鄭和代表明朝總共進行了七次航行。dem·on·strate

/?dem?nstre?t/證明；證實；論證；說明；表達；表露；表現；顯露Between1405and1433,onbehalfoftheMingDynasty,ZhengHemadeatotalofsevenvoyages.Hisshipswereloadedwith

china,silk,teaandothertreasuresasgiftsforforeignrulers,andthefleetpaidfriendlyvisitstomorethan30countriesandregions.HeevensailedasfarastheeastcoastofAfrica.

1405至1433年間，鄭和代表明朝總共進行了七次航行。他的船滿載瓷器、絲綢、茶葉和其他奇珍異寶作為饋贈異邦君王的禮品。船隊先后對30多個國家和地區進行友好訪問。他最遠甚至抵達了非洲東海岸。Astheysailed,thenavigatorstookcompassreadings,keptlogsoftheirvoyagesandchartedthecoast.LaterthedetailedmapsbecameZhengHe’sNavigationMap.海員們一路上記錄羅盤刻度，書寫航海日志，繪制海岸地圖。這些詳細的地圖后來集為《鄭和航海圖》。navi·ga·tor/?n?v?ɡe?t?(r)/航行者，航海者，駕駛員，領航員reading（儀表的）讀數；讀本；讀物；閱讀材料chart

/t?ɑ?t/繪制（區域）的地圖,=map

ZhengHe’ssevenvoyageshadafar-reachingimpactonChinaanditsneighbours.InthecountriesandregionswhereZhengHesetfoot,legendshavebeenpassedonaboutthisgreatexplorer.△ZhengHe’seffortshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelationswiththesecountriesandregions,exposingforeignpeopletoChineseculture,andallowingtheChinesetobetterunderstandoverseaslands.鄭和七次下西洋對中國及其鄰國產生了深遠影響。在鄭和到訪過的國家和地區，至今流傳著有關這位偉大探險家的傳說。鄭和的努力有助于發展和鞏固中國與這些國家和地區的和睦關系，促進中國文化的對外傳播，也增進中國對海外諸邦的了解。far-reaching影響深遠的;廣泛的

land

(涉及感情或想象)國家，地區setfootin/onsth進入，訪問，參觀（某地）Formanyyears,somehistoriansdismissedtherecordsofthesevoyagesaslegends.ThefinalproofcamewhenanenormousshipyardwasdiscoveredinNanjing,wherethefleethadbeenbuilt.ZhengHe’saccomplishmentsarenowwidelyacknowledged,andheisrememberedasoneofChina’smostinfluentialexplorers.多年來，一些歷史學家認為這些航海活動的記載只是傳說而不予理會。后來，鐵證出現了，在南京發現了一個巨大的造船廠，當年鄭和的船便在此處建造。鄭和的成就在今天獲得廣泛認可，他也作為中國最具影響力的探險家之一被世人銘記。ship·yard/???pjɑ?d/船塢；造船廠；修船廠be

rememberedas/forsth.因某事而成名（或名留青史）ChristopherColumbus/?kr?st?f?k??l?mb?s/Thosewhomakegreatdiscoveriesmustoftenovercomemanychallengesalongtheway—aswasthecasewiththeexplorerChristopherColumbus.ColumbuswasborninaportcityofItalyin1451.Asateenager,helovedsailing,andheshowedgreatinterestingeography,whichinspiredhimtobeginhiscareerasaseaman.凡取得偉大發現的人，往往必須戰勝重重磨難，探險家克里斯托弗·?哥倫布便是如此。1451年，哥倫布生于意大利一個港口城市。少年時代他就喜愛航海，對地理表現出極大的興趣。這些激勵他開始了海員生涯。Italy/??t?li/意大利sea·man/?si?m?n/水兵；水手；海員ColumbusinsistedonsearchingforadirectsearoutetotheEastIndiesbysailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean.Aftercontinuousattempts,hereceivedfinancialsupportfromtheKingandQueenofSpain.On3August1492,hedepartedfromSpainwiththreeshipscarryingabout90crewmen.

哥倫布決心橫渡大西洋，開辟一條直通東印度群島的航線。經過不懈的嘗試，他終于獲得了西班牙國王和王后的資。1492年8月3日，他和約90名船員分乘三艘船從西班牙出發。theEastIndies/??nd?z/東印度群島Spain/spe?n/西班牙crew·man/?kru?m?n/乘務員，船員（通常為男性）Thejourneywasfullofchallenges:ittooklongerthanexpected,theyfacedashortageoffood,andoneoftheshipswasleakingbadly,whichputeveryoneonthisshipingravedanger.Themenonboardwereinpanic.Regardlessofallthechallenges,Columbusmanagedtokeepeveryoneoutofdangerwithhisknowledgeandbraveryacrosstheocean.這次航行中他們飽經患難：航行時間超過預期，食物儲備不足，還有一艘船嚴重漏水，船上所有人都命懸一線。人們都陷入了恐慌。哥倫布不顧所有的挑戰，憑借自己的知識和勇氣，確保大家都平安越過海洋。face面臨，必須對付（某情況）Finally,on12October,thecrewspottedlandinthedistance.ColumbuscalledthenativeslivingontheislandsIndiansbecausehewasconvincedthathewasintheEastIndies.However,theshorestheyhadreachedwereoftheCaribbean,nottheEastIndies.終于，10月12日那天，有船員看到遠方的陸地。哥倫布深信來到了東印度群島，便將生活在島上的土著人稱為印地安人。然而，他們所到達的海岸其實屬于加勒比海地區，而不是東印度群島。Indian/??ndi?n/印第安人theCaribbean/?k?r??bi??n/加勒比海地區Between1493and1504,Columbusfoundmorelandoverthecourseofhisthreesubsequentvoyages.Themajorcontributionofthisgreatexploreristhathe“discovered”theNewWorld.HisdiscoveryinspiredexplorerssuchasCaptainJamesCooktoexploreanddiscovermorevastareasoftheworld.1493至1504年間，哥倫布又先后三次出航，途中發現了更多陸地。這位偉大探險家最大的貢獻是“發現”新大陸。他的發現激勵了諸如詹姆斯·?庫克船長這樣的探險家去探索和發現世界更多廣闊的區域。in/overthecourseof...(用于表示時間段)在…期間；在…的時候theNewWorld新大陸HisvoyagesopenedanewchapteroftheAgeofExploration,aperiodwhichwitnessedmanyimportantgeographicalfindings.Thisperiodalsoallowedforaninternationalexchangeofideasandcultures.他的航海活動開啟了大航海時代的新篇章，那是一個見證許多重大地理發現的時期。同時，這個時期也實現了思想和文化的國際交流。chap·ter/?t??pt?(r)/（人生或歷史的）時期，時代，篇章theAgeofExploration大航海時代geographical/?d????ɡr?f?k?l/地理的

A.UnderstandingthetextPage32A1.Readthehistoricalarticlesandcompletethetablebelow.Inthesummerof1405On3August1492TaicangSpainOver200shipsThreeshipsAlmost28,000peopleAbout90crewmenAsfarastheeastcoastofAfricaTheshoresoftheCaribbeanSevenFourZhengHe’sexplorationChristopherColumbus’sexplorationSignificanceZhengHe’svoyageshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelationswiththecountriesandregions,exposingforeignpeopletoChineseculture,andallowingtheChinesetobetterunderstandoverseaslands.

Columbus’sdiscoveryinspiredexplorerstoexploreanddiscovermorevastareasoftheworld.HisvoyagesopenedanewchapteroftheAgeofExploration,aperiodwhichwitnessedmanyimportantgeographicalfindingsandallowedforaninternationalexchangeofideasandcultures.A2.Readthehistoricalarticlesagaincarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.WhywereZhengHe’sshipsloadedwithchina,silk,teaandothertreasures?2.WhathelpedprovethattherecordsofZhengHe’svoyageswerenotlegends?Becausethesearegiftstoforeignrulers.AnenormousshipyardwasdiscoveredinNanjing,wherethefleethadbeenbuilt.3.WhatchallengesdidColumbusandhiscrewencounterduringthejourneyin

1492?4.WhydidColumbuscallthenativesIndians?Ittooklongerthanexpected,theyalmostranoutoffoodandwaterenteredoneoftheships.BecausehewasconvincedthathewasintheEastIndies.A3.Inpairs,discussthefollowingquestions.1.WhatfactorsmadethevoyagesofZhengHeandColumbussosuccessful?Usetheinformationinthearticlestosupportyouropinion.OneofthefactorsthatcontributedtoZhengHe’ssuccessfulvoyageswastheadvancedtechnologyandshipbuildingskillsusedatthattime,whichensuredthattheshipswerestrongenoughtohandledangeroussituationsatsea.han·dle

/?h?ndl/處理，應付（局勢、人、工作或感情）Hisnavigationskillsalsohelpedmakethejourneyssuccessful,includinghisskillatreadingacompass,keepinglogsandchartingthecoast.Inaddition,ZhengHetookmanygiftsforthepeoplehewouldmeetonhisvoyagesandhetreatedtheminafriendlymannertosharetheChineseculturewiththemwhilealsolearningabouttheirs.ChristopherColumbusbecameasuccessfulexplorerbecausehelovedsailingandshowedgreatinterestingeographyfromayoungage.Asanadult,hispassionforexplorationgrewstrongerandhewasfortunatetoreceivefinancialsupportfromtheKingandQueenofSpain.Columbuswasalsobraveandknowledgeable.Heovercamemanychallengesduringthedangerouspartsofthevoyages.know·ledge·able(aboutsth)

/?n?l?d??bl/博學的；有見識的；知識淵博的,=wellinformed2.Whathaveyoulearntaboutthespiritofexplorationfromthearticles?

Thearticleshavetaughtmethatthespiritofexplorationisextraordinarilystronginhumansandthatitisanimportantpartofourexistence.Itishumannaturetodiscovernewthingsbecausewearegenerallycurious,andwearenotafraidofhardshipordanger.extra·or·din·ar·ily/?k?str??dnr?li/極其，極端地；非常奇怪地，不尋常地Thiskindofspiritencouragesustotrynewthingsandpushthelimitsofwhatispossible.Ifwedidnothavethestrongspiritofexploration,ourspecieswouldneverprogress,andwewouldneverknowoftheamazingdiversityfoundontheEarth.Similarly,ifwearenotwillingtoexplorenewthingsorareafraidoftakingrisksindailylife,wemaylosemanychancestoexpandourunderstandingoftheworld.pushthelimits/boundariesof挑戰極限，突破極限pro·gress/pr??ɡres/進步；改進；進展，=advance3.Howmightexplorershavechangedthecourseofhistory?

courseofsth進展；進程

Ourmodernworldistheresultofthediscoveriesmadebyexplorers.Ifsomeofthesediscoverieswerenotmade,ourliveswouldbevastlydifferent,fromthefoodweeattotheideaswehave,eventothelanguageswespeak.vastly/?vɑ?stl?/極其Forinstance,chocolateismuchlovedacrosstheworld,yet,ifexplorershadnotdiscoveredthecacaobeansinSouthAmerica,wemightneverhavebrewedthemintowhatiscertainlymostpeople’sfavouritetreat.Ourideaswouldbedifferenttoobecausewithoutexploration,certainconceptsfoundinmaths,scienceandmedicinemightneverhavebeensharedandfurtherdevelopedtoprovideuswiththeknowledgewehavetoday.ca·cao/k??ka?/可可（種子用以制作巧克力和可可粉）；可可豆brew

/bru?/釀制（啤酒）；沏（茶）；煮（咖啡）treat<美>甜食；（尤指不經常吃的）美味佳肴Finally,thevoyagesmadebyexplorershelpedestablishregularcontactbetweendifferentpartsoftheworld.Indoingso,languageshaveevolvedandcultureshavespread,creatingamorecolourfulworld.B.BuildingyourlanguagePage33B1.Thearticlebelow,fromatravelwebsite,tellsthestoryabouttheTomboftheKingofBoni.Completethearticlewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesintheboxbelow.subsequentharmoniousinfluentialonbehalfofproofstrengthenacknowledgebeloadedwithTheearly1400swasagloriouserainChinesehistory.Duringthistime,theYongleEmperorwantedtodevelop(1)

___________relationswiththeoverseasneighbours.ZhengHe,oneofthemost(2)

__________explorers,tookchargeofthetask.OneofthestatesmentionedinthehistoricalrecordswasBoni(present-dayBrunei),asmallkingdominSouth-EastAsia.neighbour鄰國glori·ous/?ɡl??ri?s/壯麗的；輝煌的；光輝燦爛的Brunei/bru?na?/文萊harmoniousinfluentialThereis(3)

______thatChinaestablishedverygoodrelationswiththisstatealongtimeago:oneofitskingswasburiedinNanjingduringtheearlyMingDynasty,andthereisafascinatinglegendabouttheking.In1405,(4)

___________theemperor,ZhengHesailedtheoceansonhisfirstvoyage.Hisfleet(5)

______________giftstotheneighbouringcountriesandregions.In1407,hetravelledtoBoni,which(6)

____________thefriendlyrelationshipbetweenthetwocountries.neigh·bour·ing

/?ne?b?r??/鄰近的；附近的；毗鄰的proofonbehalfofwasloadedwithstrengthenedInthe(7)

___________year,theKingofBonipaidafriendlyvisittoChina.Hewasaccompaniedbymorethan150people.TherecordsshowthatthevisitorswereastonishedbyhowrichandtechnologicallyadvancedtheMingDynastywas.TheyreceivedaroyalwelcomefromtheYongleEmperor.technologically/?tekn??l?d??kli/科技地；技術上地royal

/?r???l/莊嚴的；盛大的；高貴的；適合國王（或女王）的,=splendidsubsequentUnfortunately,afteroveramonthinthecapital,thekingfellill.Onhisdeathbed,heaskedtobeburiedinChina,andinlinewithhiswilltheemperorbuiltatombforhim.Thistombbearswitnesstothelonghistoryoffriendlyinteractionsbetweenthetwocountriesandisnow(8)

______________asoneofthemanyimportanthistoricsitesinChina.death·bed/?deθbed/臨終之榻onhisdeathbed臨終時inlinewithsth.與某事物一致，隨著某事物bear/givewitness(tosth)為…作證；證明acknowledgedB2.Thehistoricalarticlesusealotofwordsandphrasesrelatedtonavigation.Findthewordsandphrasesinthearticlesandthinkofmoreonyourown.

WordsandphrasesforpeopleWordsandphras